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Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the concentration and dosage of Hydromorphone?

A

Concentration: 2mg ampule
Dosage: 0.5 - 2 mg

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2
Q

What are the cautions of Hydromorphone?

A

5x as potent as Morphine

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3
Q

What is the trade name, class and use for Hydromorphone?

A

Trade Name: Dilaudid
Class: Semi-synthetic (synthetic heroine)
Use: Analgesia

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4
Q

What is the trade name, class and use of Naloxone?

A

Trade Name: Narcan
Class: Opioid Antagonist
Use: Opioid Reversal, Respiratory Depression, Overdose

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5
Q

What is the concentration and dosage of Naloxone?

A

Concentration: 0.4 mg vial
Dosage: 1-4 mcg/kg

Note: Dilute 0.4 mg vial in 10 cc. Give 1-2 cc over 2-3 mins

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6
Q

What are the cautions of Naloxone?

A

N/V
Pain
Tachycardia
Increased SNS (Fight or Flight)

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7
Q

What is the concentration and dosage of Lidocaine (Induction use)?

A

Concentration: 20 mg/ml (2%)
Dosage: 0.5 - 1 mg/kg

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8
Q

What is the trade name, class, and use of Propofol?

A

Trade Name: Diprivan
Class: Diisopropylphenol
Use: Induction, sedation, MAC

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9
Q

What is the concentration, dosage, onset time and duration of Propofol?

A 
Concentration: 10 mg/ml (1%)
Dosage:  1-2.5 mg/kg (Induction)
                25-200 mcg/kg/hr (Infusion)
Onset Time:  30 - 60 sec.
Duration:  5 min.
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10
Q

What are the contraindications of Propofol?

A 
Bacterial growth after 6 hours
Soy/Egg allergy
Hypotension / vasodilation
Burns on injection
Start with low dose for the elderly
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11
Q

What is the trade name and use of Etomidate?

A

Trade name: Amidate

Use: Induction, hypnosis

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12
Q

What is the concentration, dosage, onset time and duration of Etomidate?

A

Concentration: 2 mg/ml (0.2%)
Dosage: 0.2-0.3 mg/kg
Onset time: 30-60 sec.
Duration: 5 min.

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13
Q

What are the contraindications and advantages of Etomidate?

A

Advantages: Cardiovascular stability (no decrease in BP)
Caution: Burns
Myoclonus (involuntary muscle movmt)
PONV

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14
Q

What is the trade name, class and use of Ketamine?

A

Trade Name: Ketalar
Class: Phencyclidine
Use: Induction, Analgesia, Amnesia

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15
Q

What is the concentration, dosage, onset time and duration of Ketamine?

A 
Concentration:  10, 50, 100 mg/mL
Dose:  1-2 mg/kg (Induction)
           4-8 mg/kg (IM)
Onset Time:  30 sec.
Duration:  5 mins.
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16
Q

What are the advantages and cautions of Ketamine?

A

Advantages:
Does not cross placenta to baby
Does not cause apnea
Used on people addicted to narcotics

Caution:
Emergence Delirium (used in comb. with Versed to relieve)
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17
Q

What is the trade name, class and use for Midazolam?

A

Trade Name: Versed
Class: Benzodiazepine
Use: Anxiolysis, sedation, amnesia (antegrade)

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18
Q

What is the concentration, dosage and onset time of Midazolam?

A

Concentration: 1 mg/mL
Dose: 1-2.5 mg IV
Onset Time: 2 mins.

*Can also be given PO (0.5 mg/kg)

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19
Q

What are the contraindications of Midazolam?

A

Hepatic Disease
Elderly (usually not given to people >75)
Synergy with narcotics

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20
Q

What is the class and use of Fentanyl?

A

Class: Synthetic Opioid
Use: Analgesia

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21
Q

What is the concentration, dosage, onset time and duration of Fentanyl?

A 
Concentration:  50 mcg/ml
Dose:  1-2 mcg/kg (Low dose)
           2-20 mcg/kg (Moderate dose)
           1-2 mcg/kg/hr (Infusion)
Onset Time:  3-5 mins.
Duration:  30-60 mins.
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22
Q

What are the cautions of Fentanyl?

A

100x more potent than Morphine

Synergism w/ Midazolam (more respiratory depression)

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23
Q

What is the trade name, class and use of Succinylcholine?

A

Trade Name: Anectine
Class: Depolarizing NMBD
Use: Intubation, paralysis, laryngospasm

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24
Q

What is the concentration, dosage, onset time and duration of Succinylcholine?

A 
Concentration:  20 mg/ml
Dose:  1-2 mg/kg (Intubation)
           0.1 mg/kg IV (laryngospasm)
Onset Time:  30 sec.
Duration: 3-5 mins.
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25
What are the advantages and cautions of Succinylcholine?
Advantages: Metabolized through plasma cholinesterase - not dependent on liver or kidneys Caution: Causes fasiculations (sm. dose of Roc will prevent - 5-10 mg) Hyperkalemia Myalgia *Reference list for additional contraindications
26
What is the trade name, class and use of Rocuronium?
Trade Name: Zemuron Class: Aminosteroid, non-depolarizing Use: Paralysis, RSI
27
What is the concentration, dosage, onset time and duration of Rocuronium?
``` Concentration: 10 mg/ml Dose: 0.6 - 1.2 mg/kg (Intubation) 0.1 mg/kg (Maint.) (1 cc at a time) Onset Time: 1-2 mins. Duration: 20-35 mins. ``` *Dose affects onset time and duration, not dependent on weight/age
28
What are the cautions of Rocuronium?
Metabolized through the liver and kidneys
29
What is the trade name, class and use of Vecuronium?
Trade Name: Norcuron Class: Aminosteroid, non-depolarizing Use: Paralysis
30
What is the concentration, dosage, onset time and duration of Vecuronium?
``` Concentration: 10 mg powder vial reconstituted to 1 mg/ml Dose: 0.01 mg/kg (Maintenance) 1-2 mcg/kg/min (Infusion) 0.08-0.12 mg/kg (Intubation) Onset Time: 3-5 mins. Duration: 20-35 mins. ``` * Not often used for intubation b/c onset time is too long. Used mainly for maint. * *Cheaper than Roc!
31
What is the trade name, class and use of Cisatracurium?
Trade Name: Nimbex Class: Benzyl Isoquinolinium, non-depol. Use: Paralysis
32
What is the concentration, dosage, onset time and duration of Cisatracurium?
``` Concentration: 20 mg vial (2 mg/ml) Dose: 0.1-0.15 mg/kg (Intubation) 1-2 mcg/kg/min. (Infusion) Onset Time: 3-5 mins. Duration: 20-35 mins. ```
33
What are the advantages of Cisatracurium?
Good for renal/hepatic dysfunction (not metabolized through liver and kidneys)
34
What is the class and use of Phenylephrine?
Class: Synthetic non-catecholamine direct-acting (works on alpha receptors) Use: Increase BP Nasal Decongestant
35
What is the concentration and dosage of Phenylephrine?
Concentration: 10 mg vial (1%) ***Diluted to 100 mcg/ml*** Dose: 50-100 mcg (Bolus) (1 cc at a time) 0.25-1 mcg/kg/min (Infusion)
36
What are the cautions of Phenylephrine?
``` Increases afterload Reflex bradycardia (increase in BP causes a reflex decrease in HR) Vasoconstrictor ```
37
What is the class and use of Ephedrine?
Class: Synthetic non-catecholamine direct and indirect action Use: Increase HR, Increase BP
38
What is the concentration and dosage of Ephedrine?
Concentration: 5 mg/ml (25 or 50mg in 1 ml) ***Normally made into 1:100 dilution - 5 mg/ml*** Dose: 5-20 mg
39
What are the cautions of Ephedrine?
``` Tachyphylaxis (you have to keep increasing dose to get same effect) Depletion of norepinephrine Indirect acting (causes release of something else) ```
40
What is the class and use of Epinephrine?
Class: Catecholamine Use: Increase HR/BP Anaphylaxis Bronchospasm
41
What is the concentration and dosage of Epinephrine?
Concentration: 16 mcg/ml Syringe 4 mcg/ml (1ml in 250ml) Dose: 8-16 mcg (Bolus) (1cc at a time)
42
What is the color code and MAC of Isofluorane?
Color Code: Purple MAC: 1.1% * Min. metabolism - 0.2% * Cardiovascular changes minimal at 1 MAC
43
What are the advantages and cautions of Isofluorane?
Advantages: Very stable Cheap! Protective for the brain ``` Caution: Highly potent A/W irritant (makes you cough) Fat Soluble - takes longer to go to sleep and wake up ```
44
What is the color code and MAC of Desfluorane?
Color Code: Blue | MAC: 6.0%
45
What are the advantages and cautions of Desfluorane?
Advantages: Prompt Recovery Easily titratable ``` Caution: Pungent - A/W irritant AVOID W/ REACTIVE AIRWAYS!! (i.e. Asthmatics) Decreased potency - relative Carbon Monoxide formation Not very stable ```
46
What is the color code and MAC of Sevofluorane?
Color Code: Yellow | MAC: 2.0%
47
What are the advantages and cautions of Sevofluorane?
Advantages: Least A/W irritant Inhalation Induction (Used for people w/ no IV - ex: kids) Caution: Metabolized: 2-5% -Compound A -Renal Tubular Injury
48
What is the MAC of N2O?
MAC: 105% **Has to be added to other things
49
What are the advantages and cautions of N2O?
``` Advantages: Cheap Comes through pipeline Sweet smelling Fastest - comes on and leaves fast Highly insoluble ``` Caution: Increased PONV (??) Can't be used alone!
50
What is the class and use of Morphine?
Class: Opioid Use: IV, Epidural, Spinal Analgesia
51
What is the concentration, dosage, onset time and duration of Morphine?
Concentration: 10 mg/ml (1%) Dose: 0.1-1 mg/kg (Intraoperative IV) Onset: 15-30 mins. Duration: 3-6 hours
52
What are the cautions of Morphine?
Depression of ventilation PONV Itching (pruritis)
53
What is the trade name, class and use of Meperidine?
Trade Name: Demerol Class: Synthetic Opioid Use: Analgesia, Post-op shivering
54
What is the concentration and dosage of Meperidine?
Concentration: Varies - 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% Dose: 12.5-25 mg IV (Post-op shivering)
55
What are the cautions of Meperidine?
Neurotoxic | Renal disease
56
What is the trade name, class and use of Ondansetron?
Trade Name: Zofran Class: Serotonin receptor antagonist Use: Antiemetic
57
What is the concentration and dosage of Ondansetron?
Concentration: 4 mg / 2 ml (2 mg/ml) Dose: 4 mg * *Given to everybody * *Given 30 mins before end of surgery
58
What is the class and use of Neostigmine?
Class: Anticholinesterase Use: NMB Reversal
59
What is the concentration and dosage of Neostigmine?
Concentration: 1 mg/ml (sometimes 0.5 mg/ml) Dose: 0.04-0.07 mg/kg
60
What are the cautions of Neostigmine?
``` BLUDS: Bradycardia Lacrimation Urination Defecation Salivation ``` Need at least 1 twitch in Train of Four to use Use in combination with Glycopyrrolate to treat BLUDS symptoms
61
What is the trade name, class and use of Glycopyrrolate?
Trade Name: Robinul Class: Anticholinergic Use: Antisaligogue, NMB Reversal - treats side effects of Neostigmine
62
What is the concentration and dosage of Glycopyrrolate?
Concentration: 0.2 mg/ml Dose: 0.2 mg per mg of Neostigmine (Reversal) (1cc per 1cc Neostigmine) *Similar onset and duration times as Neostigmine

Anesthesia (3 decks)

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