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step 1 renal > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Mannitol MOA

A

osmotic diuretic at PROXIMAL CONV. TUBULE

inc tubular osmolarity –> inc. urine flow, dec intracranial/intraocular pressure

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2
Q

Mannitol use

A

drug OD, elevated intracranial/intraocular pressure

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3
Q

Mannitol ADR

A

pulmonary edema, dehydration

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4
Q

Mannitol contraindication

A

anuria, HF

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5
Q

Acetazolamide MOA

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor at PROXIMAL CONV. TUBULE

causes self-limited NaHCO3 diuresis and dec total body bicarb stores

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6
Q

Acetazolamide use

A

glaucoma, urinary alkalization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness, pseudotumor cerebri

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7
Q

Acetazolamide ADR

A

proximal renal tubular acidosis, paresthesia, NH3 toxicity, sulfa allergy

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8
Q

Loop diuretics list

A

furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide

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9
Q

furosemide, etc use

A

edematous states, HTN, hypercalcemia

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10
Q

furosemide, etc ADR

A

Ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, sulfa allergy, metabolic alkalosis, interstitial nephritis, gout

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11
Q

furosemide, etc. MOA

A

sulfonamide loop diuretics

inhibit cotransport system of thick ascending limb

abolish hypertonicity of medulla, preventing concentration of urine

Stimulate PGE release (vasodilatory effect on afferent arteriole)

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12
Q

furosemide inhibitor

A

NSAIDS

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13
Q

what electrolyte does furosemide, etc cause to be lost?

A

calcium

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14
Q

Ethacrynic acid MOA

A

nonsulfonamide inhibitor of cotransport system of thick ascending limb

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15
Q

ethacrynic acid use

A

diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs

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16
Q

ethacrynic acid ADR

A

very ototoxic

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17
Q

thiazide diuretics MOA

A

inhibit NaCl reabsorption in early DCT –> dec diluting capacity of nephron.

dec in Ca excretion

18
Q

thiazide diuretics use

A

HTN, HF, idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, osteoporosis

19
Q

thiazide diuretics ADR

A

hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis,
hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia

sulfa allergy

20
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics list

A

spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene, amiloride

21
Q

spironolactone, eplerenone MOA

A

competitive aldosterone receptor antagonists in cortical collecting tubule

22
Q

triamterene, amiloride MOA

A

Na channel inhibitors at cortical collecting tubule

23
Q

K sparing use

A

hyperaldosteronism, K+depletion, HF, hepatic ascites (spironolactone); nephrogenic DI (amiloride)

24
Q

K sparing ADR

A

hyperkalemia

25
Q

spironolactone ADR

A

gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects

26
Q

Urine NaCl

A

inc w/ all diuretics. serum NaCl may decrease

27
Q

Urine K+

A

inc (esp. loop and thiazide)

28
Q

blood acidemia

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; K+ sparing

29
Q

blood alkalemia

A

loop diuretics and thiazidse

30
Q

Urine Ca

A

inc: loops
dec: thiazides

31
Q

ACE I list

A

captopril, enalapril, Lisinopril, ramipril

32
Q

ACEI MOA

A

inhibit ACE –> dec AT II –> dec GFR by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles

inc renin due to loss of feedback.

prevents inactivation of bradykinin, a potent vasodilator

33
Q

ACEI use

A

HTN, HF, proteinuria, DM nephropathy

prevents unfavorable heart remodeling

34
Q

ACEI ADR

A

Cough, angioedema, teratogen, inc creatinine, hyperkalemia, hypotension

35
Q

ARB list

A

losartan, candesartan, valsartan

36
Q

ARB moa

A

block AII binding to AT1 receptor.

don’t increase bradykinin

37
Q

ARB use

A

HTN, HF, proteinuria, DM nephropathy

if pt cant use ACEI

38
Q

ARB ADR

A

hyperkalemia, dec GFR, hypotension

teratogen

39
Q

Aliskiren MOA

A

direct renin inhibitor, blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to A1

40
Q

aliskiren use

41
Q

aliskerin ADR

A

hyperkalemia, dec GFR, hypotension

CI in pts already on ACEI or ARBs

step 1 renal (1 decks)

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