Pharmacology

Question 1

Mannitol MOA

Answer 1

osmotic diuretic at PROXIMAL CONV. TUBULE

inc tubular osmolarity –> inc. urine flow, dec intracranial/intraocular pressure

Question 2

Mannitol use

Answer 2

drug OD, elevated intracranial/intraocular pressure

Question 3

Mannitol ADR

Answer 3

pulmonary edema, dehydration

Question 4

Mannitol contraindication

Answer 4

anuria, HF

Question 5

Acetazolamide MOA

Answer 5

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor at PROXIMAL CONV. TUBULE

causes self-limited NaHCO3 diuresis and dec total body bicarb stores

Question 6

Acetazolamide use

Answer 6

glaucoma, urinary alkalization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness, pseudotumor cerebri

Question 7

Acetazolamide ADR

Answer 7

proximal renal tubular acidosis, paresthesia, NH3 toxicity, sulfa allergy

Question 8

Loop diuretics list

Answer 8

furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide

Question 9

furosemide, etc use

Answer 9

edematous states, HTN, hypercalcemia

Question 10

furosemide, etc ADR

Answer 10

Ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, sulfa allergy, metabolic alkalosis, interstitial nephritis, gout

Question 11

furosemide, etc. MOA

Answer 11

sulfonamide loop diuretics

inhibit cotransport system of thick ascending limb

abolish hypertonicity of medulla, preventing concentration of urine

Stimulate PGE release (vasodilatory effect on afferent arteriole)

Question 12

furosemide inhibitor

Answer 12

NSAIDS

Question 13

what electrolyte does furosemide, etc cause to be lost?

Answer 13

calcium

Question 14

Ethacrynic acid MOA

Answer 14

nonsulfonamide inhibitor of cotransport system of thick ascending limb

Question 15

ethacrynic acid use

Answer 15

diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs

Question 16

ethacrynic acid ADR

Answer 16

very ototoxic

Question 17

thiazide diuretics MOA

Answer 17

inhibit NaCl reabsorption in early DCT –> dec diluting capacity of nephron.

dec in Ca excretion

Question 18

thiazide diuretics use

Answer 18

HTN, HF, idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, osteoporosis

Question 19

thiazide diuretics ADR

Answer 19

hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis,
hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia

sulfa allergy

Question 20

Potassium sparing diuretics list

Answer 20

spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene, amiloride

Question 21

spironolactone, eplerenone MOA

Answer 21

competitive aldosterone receptor antagonists in cortical collecting tubule

Question 22

triamterene, amiloride MOA

Answer 22

Na channel inhibitors at cortical collecting tubule

Question 23

K sparing use

Answer 23

hyperaldosteronism, K+depletion, HF, hepatic ascites (spironolactone); nephrogenic DI (amiloride)

Question 24

K sparing ADR

Answer 24

hyperkalemia

Question 25

spironolactone ADR

Answer 25

gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects

Question 26

Urine NaCl

Answer 26

inc w/ all diuretics. serum NaCl may decrease

Question 27

Urine K+

Answer 27

inc (esp. loop and thiazide)

Question 28

blood acidemia

Answer 28

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; K+ sparing

Question 29

blood alkalemia

Answer 29

loop diuretics and thiazidse

Question 30

Urine Ca

Answer 30

inc: loops dec: thiazides

Question 31

ACE I list

Answer 31

captopril, enalapril, Lisinopril, ramipril

Question 32

ACEI MOA

Answer 32

inhibit ACE --> dec AT II --> dec GFR by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles inc renin due to loss of feedback. prevents inactivation of bradykinin, a potent vasodilator

Question 33

ACEI use

Answer 33

HTN, HF, proteinuria, DM nephropathy prevents unfavorable heart remodeling

Question 34

ACEI ADR

Answer 34

Cough, angioedema, teratogen, inc creatinine, hyperkalemia, hypotension

Question 35

ARB list

Answer 35

losartan, candesartan, valsartan

Question 36

ARB moa

Answer 36

block AII binding to AT1 receptor. don't increase bradykinin

Question 37

ARB use

Answer 37

HTN, HF, proteinuria, DM nephropathy | if pt cant use ACEI

Question 38

ARB ADR

Answer 38

hyperkalemia, dec GFR, hypotension teratogen

Question 39

Aliskiren MOA

Answer 39

direct renin inhibitor, blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to A1

Question 40

aliskiren use

Answer 40

HTN

Question 41

aliskerin ADR

Answer 41

hyperkalemia, dec GFR, hypotension CI in pts already on ACEI or ARBs