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CPR > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Epinephrine

A

-Effects (alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2) agonist
• Increase HR by increasing Phase 4 Depolarization in SAN cells
• Increase contractile force
• Increase CO
• Vasoconstricts skin vasculature and vasodilates SkM at physiologic concentrations and vasconstricts at pharmacologic concentrations
o Epi has a higher affinity for beta 2 receptors than alpha 1 but there are more alpha 1 receptors meaning when doses of Epi are high enough alpha 1 effects outweigh beta 2
• Relaxes Smooth muscle of bronchioles
• Increases availability of glucose and fatty acids
• Rx: Anaphylaxis, glaucoma, asthma, hypotension
AE: Amines: Hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, urinary retention

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2
Q

Norepinephrine

A

NE Effects (alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1) agonist
• Vasoconstriction of skin and skeletal muscle vasculature
• Increase HR but then vagal discharge and drop in heart rate
• Rx: Hypotension
AE: Amines: Hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, urinary retention

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3
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Effects (beta-1, beta-2) agonist
• No effect on skin vasculature
• Vasodilates skeletal muscle vasculature, Drop in MAP
• Increases HR
• Rx: AV block (rare)
AE: Amines: Hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, urinary retention

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4
Q

Dopamine

A

Effects (D1, D2 and Beta-1 at low doses and alpha1 and alpha2 at high doses) Agonist
• Vasodilates renal vasculature at low doses through D1 and D2 and vasoconstricts renal vasculature at high doses through alpha1 and alpha2
• Mild increase in HR
• Mild decrease in peripheral resistance
• Rx: Shock to increase renal perfusion, heart failure
AE: Amines: Hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, urinary retention

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5
Q

Dobutamine

A

Beta-1 agonist
• Increase myocardial contractility
• Increase MAP
• Rx: Heart failure, cardiac stress testing
AE: Amines: Hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, urinary retention

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6
Q

Phenylephrine

A

(Alpha-1 and Alpha-2 agonist
• Vasoconstriction
• Rx: nasal decongestion, Pupillary dilation, Supraventricular Tachycardias
AE: Amines: Hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, urinary retention

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7
Q

Clonidine

A

• MOA: alpha-2 agonist
• Rx: hypertension, especially those with renal disease (no decrease in blood flow to kidneys)
AE: Hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, urinary retention

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8
Q

Amphetamine

A
  • MOA- releases stored catecholamines (NE)
  • Rx: Nacrolepsy, obesity, ADD
  • AE: Excitation, Hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, urinary retention
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9
Q

Ephedrine

A

MOA- alpha and beta agonist leading to release of stored catecholamines
• Less CNS activity than amphetamine
• Rx: Nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence
• Hypotension

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10
Q

Albuterol

A
  • MOA- bronchodilation through stimulation of Beta-2 receptors
  • Rx: Acute asthma
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11
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

MOA- irreversible inhibitor of alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors
o Rx: Pheochromocytoma
AE:
o Orthostatic hypotension, nasal stuffiness, reflex cardiac stimulation, impaired ejaculation
o Non-selective antagonists produce more reflex tachycardia

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12
Q

Phentolamine

A

o MOA- competitive inhibitor of alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors
o Rx: Give to patients on MAO-I’s who eat tyramine containing foods
AE:
o Orthostatic hypotension, nasal stuffiness, reflex cardiac stimulation, impaired ejaculation
o Non-selective antagonists produce more reflex tachycardia

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13
Q

Prazosin

A

o MOA- competitive alpha-1 inhibitor
o Rx: Hypertension
• AE’s of alpha blockers
o Orthostatic hypotension, nasal stuffiness, reflex cardiac stimulation, impaired ejaculation

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14
Q

Pindolol

A

o MOA- Inhibitor of Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors; intrinsic sympathomimetic activity= less effect on resting HR
o weak agonist
Rx: hypertension, Angina Pectoris, MI, SVT, CNF, Glaucoma
• AE’s- Sudden Withdrawal Problems (Taper down!), hypoglycemia in diabetics

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15
Q

Propranolol

A

o MOA- Beta-1 and Beta-2 Blocker
oRx: hypertension, Angina Pectoris, MI, SVT, CNF, Glaucoma
• AE’s- Sudden Withdrawal Problems (Taper down!), hypoglycemia in diabetics

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16
Q

Metaprolol

A

o MOA-Beta-1 Blocker
o Less Bronchoconstriction than propranolol and pindolol
Rx: hypertension, Angina Pectoris, MI, SVT, CNF, Glaucoma
• AE’s- Sudden Withdrawal Problems (Taper down!), hypoglycemia in diabetics

17
Q

Labetalol

A

o MOA- alpha-1, beta-1 and beta-2
Rx: hypertension, Angina Pectoris, MI, SVT, CNF, Glaucoma
• AE’s- Sudden Withdrawal Problems (Taper down!), hypoglycemia in diabetics

18
Q

Carvedilol

A

o MOA- alpha-1, beta-1 and beta-2
Rx: hypertension, Angina Pectoris, MI, SVT, CNF, Glaucoma
• AE’s- Sudden Withdrawal Problems (Taper down!), hypoglycemia in diabetics

19
Q

Fenoldopam-

A

peripheral D1 agonist,

Rx: short-term management of severe hypertension

20
Q

Tamsulosin

A

-alpha 1 selective antagonist
-used for benign prostatic hyperplasia
• AE= Floppy Iris Syndrome

21
Q

Guanethidine

A

-blocks AP
-induced release of NE and slowly displaces NE from storage vesicles leading to NE depletion
Rx: Hypertension
AE- Postural hypotension, fluid retention

22
Q

Bethanechol

A

o MOA- mAChR selective agonist

o Rx: Post-op urinary retention, abdominal distension

23
Q

Carbachol

A

o MOA- nAChR and mAChR’s agonist
o Cholinesterase INSENSITIVE
o Rx: Glaucoma (by decreasing intraocular pressure), pupillary contraction

24
Q

Pilocarpine

A

o MOA- mAChR agonist

o Rx: Potent stimulator of tears, sweat and saliva

25
Q

Metacholine

A

o MOA- mAChR selective agonist

o Rx: Challenge test for diagnosis of Asthma

26
Q

Oxybutynin

A

MOA- competitively inhibit mAChR’s

o Rx: urinary incontinence

27
Q

Pirenzepine

A

MOA- competitively inhibit mAChR’s

o Rx: Peptic ulcer treatment by decreasing stomach acid

28
Q

Atropine

A

MOA- competitively inhibit mAChR’s
o Dilates eye and decrease accommodation
o As increase dose, CNS effects become greater eventually leading to excitation, delirium, medullary depression
o Atropine Overdose Signs= Hot as a Hare, Dry as a bone, Red as a beet, blind as a bat, Mad as a hatter

29
Q

Scopalamine

A

MOA- competitively inhibit mAChR’s

o Rx: Sedation, Antimotion sickness

30
Q

Ipratropium

A

o Rx: COPD and Asthma

MOA: competitively inhibit mAChR

31
Q

Nicotine

A

• At low concentrations- nicotine is a ganglionic stimulant, opens sodium channels
o Stimulation increases cortical neurons firing which facilitates dopamine release from nucleus accumbens= ADDICTION
• At moderate concentrations- nicotine produces a depolarizing block of ganglionic transmission causing muscle relaxation
Nicotine Effects
• Sympathomimetic= vasoconstriction, tachycardia, increase BP, adrenal medullary stimulation, mydriasis, bronchodilation, sweating
• Parasympathomimetic= bradycardia, increase GI motility and secretions, bladder contraction, miosis
Rx Nicotine Poisoning: induce vomiting, artificial respiration, treat secretions with Atropine, treat CNS stimulation with Diazepam

32
Q

Tetraethylammonium, hexamethonium (C6)

A

o MOA- competitively inhibit ganglionic nAChR

o Rx: hypertension

CPR (13 decks)

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