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7390: Case Management > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-anxiety drugs (fancy name)

A

Benzodiazepines

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2
Q

Benzodiazepines (description/function)

A

activate opioid receptors and slow down CNS

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3
Q

Indications to take Benzodiazepines

A

general anxiety, panic disorder, PTSS, prevent seizures, insomnia, relieve symptoms of alcohol withdrawal

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4
Q

Common brands of Benzodiazepines (4)

A

Lorazepam
Ativan
Versed
Valium

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5
Q

Adverse reactions of Benzodiazepines

A

drowsiness, confusion, HA, clumsiness, memory loss, blurred vision, depression, addiction

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6
Q

Special considerations for Benzodiazepines

A

peak at 2-4 hrs post admin; will calm patient but may also cause sedation

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7
Q

Anti-depressant drugs (fancy name)

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

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8
Q

SSRIs (description/function)

A

elevate serotonin levels in the brain

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9
Q

Indications to take SSRIs

A

serious depression, CAD, OCD, insomnia

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10
Q

Common brands of SSRIs (4)

A

Lexapro
Zoloft
Prozac
Paxil

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11
Q

Adverse reactions of SSRIs

A

insomnia, dry mouth, anxiety, nausea, HA, weight gain

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12
Q

Special considerations for SSRIs

A

may cause orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia, takes 5-6 weeks to reach full potential, may inc suicidal thoughts

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13
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxants (description/function)

A

treat acute pain, depress CNS or block pain receptors

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14
Q

Indications to take skeletal muscle relaxants

A

muscle spams, musculoskeletal pain, fibro-myalgia

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15
Q

Common brands of skeletal muscle relaxants (5)

A 
Flerxeril
Skelaxin 
Zanaflex 
Robaxin 
Soma
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16
Q

Adverse reactions of skeletal muscle relaxants

A

Dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, confusion
May also cause low BP and HR
Soma is addictive

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17
Q

Special considerations of skeletal muscle relaxants

A

drowsiness/dizziness may adversely affect exercise

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18
Q

Analgesics (fancy name)

A

opioids

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19
Q

Opioids (description/function)

A

bind to receptors in CNS and PNS

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20
Q

Indications to take opioids

A

relief from severe pain

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21
Q

Common brands of opioids (9)

A 
Duragesic
Dilaudid  
Demerol
Oxycontin
Tylenol 3
Lorcet/Lortab/Vicodin
Percocet 
Morphine 
Tramadol/Ultram
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22
Q

Adverse reactions of opioids

A

sedation, constipation, nausea/vomiting, allergic reactions

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23
Q

Special considerations of opioids

A

Dec respiration and bone density (w/ chronic use)

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24
Q

Antiemetics (description/function)

A

work on brain receptors

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25
Q

Indications to use antiemetics

A

nausea and vomiting (esp. post surgery), vertigo

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26
Q

Common brands of Antiemetics (5)

A 
Benedryl
Antivert
Phenergen
Reglan
Zofran
27
Q

Adverse reactions of Antiemetics

A

dizziness, HA, constipation, drowsiness

28
Q

Antiemetics (generic examples)

A

anticholinerics

antihistamines

29
Q

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) (description/function)

A

non-selective inhibitors of prostaglandins (messengers of inflamm response)

30
Q

Indications of NSAIDs

A

pain, inflammation, fever

31
Q

Common brands of NSAIDs (7 OTC)

A 
Advil/Motrin
Nuprin (ibuprofen)
Aleve/Naprosyn (naproxen) 
Celebrex (COX-2 Inhibitor) 
Bufferin 
Bayer
Excedrin (aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid)
32
Q

Common brands of NSAIDs (6 prescriptions)

A 
Toradol
Daypro
Mobic 
Naprosyn 
Relafen 
Voltaren
33
Q

Adverse reactions of NSAIDs

A

GI bleeding, kidney damage, elevated BP, allergic reactions (in asthma pts)

34
Q

Special considerations of NSAIDs

A

provides analgesia without sedation;
can be used for prolonged periods;
caution pts against mixing OTC NSAIDs with their usual meds w/o physician’s permission

35
Q

Adrenocoritcosteroids (description/function)

A

combine with steroid receptors in cytoplasm

36
Q

Indications to use Adrenocoritcosteroids

A

severe inflammation or allergic reactions, localized bursitis and tenosynovitis, immunologic disorders (E.g. RA & lupus), adrenal dysfunction

37
Q

Common brands of Adrenocoritcosteroids (5)

A 
Medrol dosepak
Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)
Prednisone
Solu-Medrol (Methylprednisolone)
Decadron (Dexamethasone)
38
Q

Adverse reactions of Adrenocoritcosteroids

A

suppression of adrenal glands; weight gain, HTN, inc body hair, diabetes, osteoporosis, breakdown of collagen in bones ligaments, tendons, and skin; inc susceptibility to infection

39
Q

Special considerations of Adrenocoritcosteroids

A

Musculoskeletal structures can be fragile; skin is thin and easily damaged; monitor BP during exercise; protect against infection

40
Q

CNS Agents (5 classifications)

A 
Anti-anxiety
Anti-depression
Skeletal muscle relaxants
Analgesics
Antiemetics
41
Q

Antibacterial agents; antibiotics (description/function)

A

act by killing bacteria or by preventing bacteria from multiplying

42
Q

Indications to use antibiotics

A

bacterial infections

43
Q

Common brands of antibiotics (12)

A 
Amoxicillin 
Cefazolin
Keflex
Neomycin
Gentamicin 
Streptomycin
Zithromax
Cipro 
Levaquin
Vancomycin
Zyvox
44
Q

Adverse reactions of antibiotics

A

rash, diarrhea, dizziness, nausea/vomiting, HA

45
Q

Special considerations of antibiotics

A

antibiotic-resistant infections, hypersensitivity reactions

46
Q

Anti-Hypertensives (description/function)

A

dec blood volume (diuretics), dec arterial pressure (vasodilators)

47
Q

Indications to use Anti-HTN (stages of HTN)

A

Stage 1: > 90-99 mmHg or > 140-159 mmHg

Stage 2: > 100 mmHg or > 160 mmHg

48
Q

Common brands of Anti-HTN (9)

A 
Diovan 
Benicar
Avapro 
Norvasc 
Procardia 
Isoptin 
Lasix 
Captopri 
Ramipril
49
Q

Adverse reactions fo Anti-HTN

A

changes in fluid balance, HR, & myocardial contractility; fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, HA, nausea, cough, dizziness

50
Q

Special considerations for Anti-HTN

A

systemic heat or whirlpool may cause excessive vasodilation;
exercise tolerance may be impaired;
postural changes may cause orthostatic hypotension

51
Q

Anti-virals/Anti-retrovirals (description/function)

A

inactivate enzymes needed for viral replication

52
Q

Indications to use Anti-virals

A

herpes virus, chicken pox, shingles, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, HIV

53
Q

Common brands of Anti-virals (5)

A 
Tamiflu (flu), 
Acyclovir (herpes & shingles), 
Retrovir and Norvir (HIV), 
Adefovir (HepB), 
Valomaciclovir (mononucleosis)
54
Q

Adverse reactions fo Anti-virals

A

nausea, diarrhea, rash, dec renal function, lower WBC count, many interact w/other drugs

55
Q

Special considerations for Anti-virals

A

monitor for adverse reactions

56
Q

Special considerations for Angina pectoris

A

patients with stable angina should have nitroglycerin on hand during therapy sessions; monitor for pain, fatigue, or changes in vital signs

57
Q

Indications of Angina pectoris

A

acute or chronic angina pectoris

58
Q

Common brands of Angina pectoris (1)

A

Nitroglycerine

59
Q

Adverse reactions of Angina pectoris

A

uneven HR, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension

60
Q

Indications of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A

impaired cardiac pumping ability due to

  • dec cardiac muscle function,
  • fluid overload, or
  • valve deterioration
61
Q

Common brands of CHF (4)

A

B-blockers
diuretics
calcium channel blockers
Digoxin

62
Q

Adverse reactions of CHF

A

Digoxin overdose not uncommon and toxicity can be fatal, GI distress (nausea/vomiting), heart rhythm disturbances, delirium

63
Q

Special considerations for CHF

A

look for signs of acute CHF (dyspnea, rales, cough, frothy sputum), signs of toxicity, or unusual fatigue, weakness, or peripheral edema

7390: Case Management (1 decks)

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