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7390: Case Management > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-anxiety drugs (fancy name)

A

Benzodiazepines

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2
Q

Benzodiazepines (description/function)

A

activate opioid receptors and slow down CNS

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3
Q

Indications to take Benzodiazepines

A

general anxiety, panic disorder, PTSS, prevent seizures, insomnia, relieve symptoms of alcohol withdrawal

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4
Q

Common brands of Benzodiazepines (4)

A

Lorazepam
Ativan
Versed
Valium

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5
Q

Adverse reactions of Benzodiazepines

A

drowsiness, confusion, HA, clumsiness, memory loss, blurred vision, depression, addiction

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6
Q

Special considerations for Benzodiazepines

A

peak at 2-4 hrs post admin; will calm patient but may also cause sedation

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7
Q

Anti-depressant drugs (fancy name)

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

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8
Q

SSRIs (description/function)

A

elevate serotonin levels in the brain

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9
Q

Indications to take SSRIs

A

serious depression, CAD, OCD, insomnia

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10
Q

Common brands of SSRIs (4)

A

Lexapro
Zoloft
Prozac
Paxil

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11
Q

Adverse reactions of SSRIs

A

insomnia, dry mouth, anxiety, nausea, HA, weight gain

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12
Q

Special considerations for SSRIs

A

may cause orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia, takes 5-6 weeks to reach full potential, may inc suicidal thoughts

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13
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxants (description/function)

A

treat acute pain, depress CNS or block pain receptors

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14
Q

Indications to take skeletal muscle relaxants

A

muscle spams, musculoskeletal pain, fibro-myalgia

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15
Q

Common brands of skeletal muscle relaxants (5)

A 
Flerxeril
Skelaxin 
Zanaflex 
Robaxin 
Soma
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16
Q

Adverse reactions of skeletal muscle relaxants

A

Dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, confusion
May also cause low BP and HR
Soma is addictive

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17
Q

Special considerations of skeletal muscle relaxants

A

drowsiness/dizziness may adversely affect exercise

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18
Q

Analgesics (fancy name)

A

opioids

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19
Q

Opioids (description/function)

A

bind to receptors in CNS and PNS

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20
Q

Indications to take opioids

A

relief from severe pain

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21
Q

Common brands of opioids (9)

A 
Duragesic
Dilaudid  
Demerol
Oxycontin
Tylenol 3
Lorcet/Lortab/Vicodin
Percocet 
Morphine 
Tramadol/Ultram
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22
Q

Adverse reactions of opioids

A

sedation, constipation, nausea/vomiting, allergic reactions

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23
Q

Special considerations of opioids

A

Dec respiration and bone density (w/ chronic use)

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24
Q

Antiemetics (description/function)

A

work on brain receptors

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25
Indications to use antiemetics
nausea and vomiting (esp. post surgery), vertigo
26
Common brands of Antiemetics (5)
``` Benedryl Antivert Phenergen Reglan Zofran ```
27
Adverse reactions of Antiemetics
dizziness, HA, constipation, drowsiness
28
Antiemetics (generic examples)
anticholinerics | antihistamines
29
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) (description/function)
non-selective inhibitors of prostaglandins (messengers of inflamm response)
30
Indications of NSAIDs
pain, inflammation, fever
31
Common brands of NSAIDs (7 OTC)
``` Advil/Motrin Nuprin (ibuprofen) Aleve/Naprosyn (naproxen) Celebrex (COX-2 Inhibitor) Bufferin Bayer Excedrin (aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid) ```
32
Common brands of NSAIDs (6 prescriptions)
``` Toradol Daypro Mobic Naprosyn Relafen Voltaren ```
33
Adverse reactions of NSAIDs
GI bleeding, kidney damage, elevated BP, allergic reactions (in asthma pts)
34
Special considerations of NSAIDs
provides analgesia without sedation; can be used for prolonged periods; caution pts against mixing OTC NSAIDs with their usual meds w/o physician’s permission
35
Adrenocoritcosteroids (description/function)
combine with steroid receptors in cytoplasm
36
Indications to use Adrenocoritcosteroids
severe inflammation or allergic reactions, localized bursitis and tenosynovitis, immunologic disorders (E.g. RA & lupus), adrenal dysfunction
37
Common brands of Adrenocoritcosteroids (5)
``` Medrol dosepak Hydrocortisone (Cortisol) Prednisone Solu-Medrol (Methylprednisolone) Decadron (Dexamethasone) ```
38
Adverse reactions of Adrenocoritcosteroids
suppression of adrenal glands; weight gain, HTN, inc body hair, diabetes, osteoporosis, breakdown of collagen in bones ligaments, tendons, and skin; inc susceptibility to infection
39
Special considerations of Adrenocoritcosteroids
Musculoskeletal structures can be fragile; skin is thin and easily damaged; monitor BP during exercise; protect against infection
40
CNS Agents (5 classifications)
``` Anti-anxiety Anti-depression Skeletal muscle relaxants Analgesics Antiemetics ```
41
Antibacterial agents; antibiotics (description/function)
act by killing bacteria or by preventing bacteria from multiplying
42
Indications to use antibiotics
bacterial infections
43
Common brands of antibiotics (12)
``` Amoxicillin Cefazolin Keflex Neomycin Gentamicin Streptomycin Zithromax Cipro Levaquin Vancomycin Zyvox ```
44
Adverse reactions of antibiotics
rash, diarrhea, dizziness, nausea/vomiting, HA
45
Special considerations of antibiotics
antibiotic-resistant infections, hypersensitivity reactions
46
Anti-Hypertensives (description/function)
dec blood volume (diuretics), dec arterial pressure (vasodilators)
47
Indications to use Anti-HTN (stages of HTN)
Stage 1: > 90-99 mmHg or > 140-159 mmHg | Stage 2: > 100 mmHg or > 160 mmHg
48
Common brands of Anti-HTN (9)
``` Diovan Benicar Avapro Norvasc Procardia Isoptin Lasix Captopri Ramipril ```
49
Adverse reactions fo Anti-HTN
changes in fluid balance, HR, & myocardial contractility; fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, HA, nausea, cough, dizziness
50
Special considerations for Anti-HTN
systemic heat or whirlpool may cause excessive vasodilation; exercise tolerance may be impaired; postural changes may cause orthostatic hypotension
51
Anti-virals/Anti-retrovirals (description/function)
inactivate enzymes needed for viral replication
52
Indications to use Anti-virals
herpes virus, chicken pox, shingles, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, HIV
53
Common brands of Anti-virals (5)
``` Tamiflu (flu), Acyclovir (herpes & shingles), Retrovir and Norvir (HIV), Adefovir (HepB), Valomaciclovir (mononucleosis) ```
54
Adverse reactions fo Anti-virals
nausea, diarrhea, rash, dec renal function, lower WBC count, many interact w/other drugs
55
Special considerations for Anti-virals
monitor for adverse reactions
56
Special considerations for Angina pectoris
patients with stable angina should have nitroglycerin on hand during therapy sessions; monitor for pain, fatigue, or changes in vital signs
57
Indications of Angina pectoris
acute or chronic angina pectoris
58
Common brands of Angina pectoris (1)
Nitroglycerine
59
Adverse reactions of Angina pectoris
uneven HR, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension
60
Indications of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
impaired cardiac pumping ability due to - dec cardiac muscle function, - fluid overload, or - valve deterioration
61
Common brands of CHF (4)
B-blockers diuretics calcium channel blockers Digoxin
62
Adverse reactions of CHF
Digoxin overdose not uncommon and toxicity can be fatal, GI distress (nausea/vomiting), heart rhythm disturbances, delirium
63
Special considerations for CHF
look for signs of acute CHF (dyspnea, rales, cough, frothy sputum), signs of toxicity, or unusual fatigue, weakness, or peripheral edema

7390: Case Management (1 decks)

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