Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
Ranitidine
A
- zantac
- H2 receptor antagonist -> dec. secretion of H+ by parietal cells
- side effects: dec. renal excretion of creatinine
2
Q
H2 Blockers
A
- “idine”
- cimetidine
- ranitidine
- famotidine
- nizatidine
- mechanism: reversible block of histamine H2 receptors-> dec. H+ secretion by parietal cells
- take before you dine
- clinical use: peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux
3
Q
Proton Pump Inhibitors
A
- “prazole”
- omeprazole
- lansoprazole
- esomeprazole
- pantroprazole
- dexlansoprazole
- irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells
- use: peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal reflux, zollinger-ellision syndrome
- inc. risk of C diff, pneumonia, dec. serum Mg++ with long term use
- slower onset than H2
4
Q
Misoprostol
A
- PGE analog
- inc. production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier
- dec. acid production
- uses: prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers (induction of labor)
- toxicity: diarrhea, pregnant women
5
Q
Loperamide
A
- immodium
- suitable for noninfectious diarrhea
- side effects: constipation
6
Q
Metoclopramide
A
- prokinetic agent
- D2 receptor antagonist, inc resting tone, LES tone, motility, does not affect colon transport time
- clinical use: diabetic and post surgery gastroparesis, antiemetic, dec. N/V
- side effect: extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE), inc. QT interval, fatigue, dirrhea
- DDI: digoxin, diabetic agents
- contraindicated in pts with PD, small bowel obstruction
7
Q
Aluminum Hydroxide
A
- antacid
- can cause hypokalemia
- overuse: constipation and hypophosphatemia, muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures
- “aluminimum amount of feces”
8
Q
Antacids
A
- aluminum hydroxide
- calcium carbonate
- magnesium hydroxide
- can affect bioavailability of other drugs
- can cause hypokalemia
9
Q
Bisacodyl
A
- stimulant laxative
- acts via most physiological MOA and is considered safest agent for everyday use
10
Q
Tegaserod
A
- mechanism: 5HT4 agonist-> gastric motility
- use: IBS pts with predominant constipation
- side effects: can cause QT prolongation, diarrhea
11
Q
Omeprazole Side Effects
A
-hypergastrinemia
12
Q
Alosetron
A
- mechanism: 5HT3 antagonist-> dec. colonic motility
- use: IBS in women with diarrhea is main sx
- side effects: constipation
13
Q
Cimetidine Side Effects
A
- CNS dysfunction in elderly in high doses, can cross BBB
- gynecomastia-antiandrogenic effects
- elevated PT levels
- potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450
- dec. renal excretion of creatinine
14
Q
Ondansetron
A
- blocks 5HT3
- dec. N/V, centrally acting anti-emetic
- most efficacious class for N/V from chemo and opioids
- side effects: constipation, headache, high dose -> inc. QT interval
15
Q
Prochlorperazine
A
- D2 blocker
- dec. N/V
- side effects: EPSE, blocks a, M1, H -> dec. BP
16
Q
Droperidol
A
- D2 block
- dec. N/V
- side effects: EPSE, inc. QT interval
17
Q
Dimenhydrinate
A
- H1 block
- dec. N/V
- OTC agent for motion sickness with antimuscarinic ADR
18
Q
Scopolamine
A
- blocks M receptors
- dec. N/V
- used transdermally for motion sickness
- side effects: no pee, see, spit, shit
19
Q
Dexamethazone
A
- PG
- blocks N/V
20
Q
Bismuth, Sucrasulfate
A
- mechanism: bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3- secretion to reestablish pH gradient in mucous layer
- use: ulcer healing, traveler’s diarrhea
- avoid bismuth in children under 12 due to risk of reyes syndrome
21
Q
Octreotide
A
- mechanism: long acting somatostatin analog, inhibits actions of many splanchnic vasoconstriction hormones
- use: acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, carcinoid tumors
- toxicity: N/V, steatorrhea
22
Q
Calcium Carbonate
A
- antacid
- side effects: hypercalcemia, rebound acid inc., constipation
- can chelate and dec. effectiveness of other drugs
23
Q
Magnesium Hydroxide
A
- antacid
- side effects: diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, cardiac arrest
- osmotic laxative
24
Q
Sulfazaline
A
- mechanism: combo of sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid, activated by colonic bacteria
- use: ulcerative colitis, crohn disease
- toxicity: malaise, nausea
25
5HT3 Blocker
-ondansetron
26
D2 Blockers
- metochlopromide
- prochlorperazine
- droperidol
27
H1 Blocker
- dimenhydrinate
- meclizine
- diphenhydramine
28
M Block
-scopolamine
29
Polycarbophil
- utility in both diarrhea and constipation
| - antidiarrheal
30
Psyllium Seed
- laxative
| - bulk-forming/fiber
31
Polyethylene Glycol
- laxative
| - saline (osmotically active cathartic)
32
Biscodyl
- laxative
| - stimulant/irritant
33
Docusate/Mineral Oil
- laxative
| - wetting agents/emolients
