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DEMS Unit 1 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Ranitidine

A
  • zantac
  • H2 receptor antagonist -> dec. secretion of H+ by parietal cells
  • side effects: dec. renal excretion of creatinine
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2
Q

H2 Blockers

A
  • “idine”
  • cimetidine
  • ranitidine
  • famotidine
  • nizatidine
  • mechanism: reversible block of histamine H2 receptors-> dec. H+ secretion by parietal cells
  • take before you dine
  • clinical use: peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux
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3
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors

A
  • “prazole”
  • omeprazole
  • lansoprazole
  • esomeprazole
  • pantroprazole
  • dexlansoprazole
  • irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells
  • use: peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal reflux, zollinger-ellision syndrome
  • inc. risk of C diff, pneumonia, dec. serum Mg++ with long term use
  • slower onset than H2
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4
Q

Misoprostol

A
  • PGE analog
  • inc. production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier
  • dec. acid production
  • uses: prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers (induction of labor)
  • toxicity: diarrhea, pregnant women
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5
Q

Loperamide

A
  • immodium
  • suitable for noninfectious diarrhea
  • side effects: constipation
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6
Q

Metoclopramide

A
  • prokinetic agent
  • D2 receptor antagonist, inc resting tone, LES tone, motility, does not affect colon transport time
  • clinical use: diabetic and post surgery gastroparesis, antiemetic, dec. N/V
  • side effect: extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE), inc. QT interval, fatigue, dirrhea
  • DDI: digoxin, diabetic agents
  • contraindicated in pts with PD, small bowel obstruction
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7
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide

A
  • antacid
  • can cause hypokalemia
  • overuse: constipation and hypophosphatemia, muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures
  • “aluminimum amount of feces”
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8
Q

Antacids

A
  • aluminum hydroxide
  • calcium carbonate
  • magnesium hydroxide
  • can affect bioavailability of other drugs
  • can cause hypokalemia
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9
Q

Bisacodyl

A
  • stimulant laxative

- acts via most physiological MOA and is considered safest agent for everyday use

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10
Q

Tegaserod

A
  • mechanism: 5HT4 agonist-> gastric motility
  • use: IBS pts with predominant constipation
  • side effects: can cause QT prolongation, diarrhea
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11
Q

Omeprazole Side Effects

A

-hypergastrinemia

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12
Q

Alosetron

A
  • mechanism: 5HT3 antagonist-> dec. colonic motility
  • use: IBS in women with diarrhea is main sx
  • side effects: constipation
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13
Q

Cimetidine Side Effects

A
  • CNS dysfunction in elderly in high doses, can cross BBB
  • gynecomastia-antiandrogenic effects
  • elevated PT levels
  • potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450
  • dec. renal excretion of creatinine
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14
Q

Ondansetron

A
  • blocks 5HT3
  • dec. N/V, centrally acting anti-emetic
  • most efficacious class for N/V from chemo and opioids
  • side effects: constipation, headache, high dose -> inc. QT interval
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15
Q

Prochlorperazine

A
  • D2 blocker
  • dec. N/V
  • side effects: EPSE, blocks a, M1, H -> dec. BP
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16
Q

Droperidol

A
  • D2 block
  • dec. N/V
  • side effects: EPSE, inc. QT interval
17
Q

Dimenhydrinate

A
  • H1 block
  • dec. N/V
  • OTC agent for motion sickness with antimuscarinic ADR
18
Q

Scopolamine

A
  • blocks M receptors
  • dec. N/V
  • used transdermally for motion sickness
  • side effects: no pee, see, spit, shit
19
Q

Dexamethazone

A
  • PG

- blocks N/V

20
Q

Bismuth, Sucrasulfate

A
  • mechanism: bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3- secretion to reestablish pH gradient in mucous layer
  • use: ulcer healing, traveler’s diarrhea
  • avoid bismuth in children under 12 due to risk of reyes syndrome
21
Q

Octreotide

A
  • mechanism: long acting somatostatin analog, inhibits actions of many splanchnic vasoconstriction hormones
  • use: acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, carcinoid tumors
  • toxicity: N/V, steatorrhea
22
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A
  • antacid
  • side effects: hypercalcemia, rebound acid inc., constipation
  • can chelate and dec. effectiveness of other drugs
23
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide

A
  • antacid
  • side effects: diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, cardiac arrest
  • osmotic laxative
24
Q

Sulfazaline

A
  • mechanism: combo of sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid, activated by colonic bacteria
  • use: ulcerative colitis, crohn disease
  • toxicity: malaise, nausea
25
Q

5HT3 Blocker

A

-ondansetron

26
Q

D2 Blockers

A
  • metochlopromide
  • prochlorperazine
  • droperidol
27
Q

H1 Blocker

A
  • dimenhydrinate
  • meclizine
  • diphenhydramine
28
Q

M Block

A

-scopolamine

29
Q

Polycarbophil

A
  • utility in both diarrhea and constipation

- antidiarrheal

30
Q

Psyllium Seed

A
  • laxative

- bulk-forming/fiber

31
Q

Polyethylene Glycol

A
  • laxative

- saline (osmotically active cathartic)

32
Q

Biscodyl

A
  • laxative

- stimulant/irritant

33
Q

Docusate/Mineral Oil

A
  • laxative

- wetting agents/emolients

DEMS Unit 1 (8 decks)

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