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Medicine Year 3 (Bear) > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

When is Trandolapril used?

A

This is an ACEI used in Paeds patients

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2
Q

What ACEI can you give for the mgmt of hypertension in a child?

A

Trandolapril

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3
Q

If a patient has severe Aortic stenosis, which drug class should you not use?

A

ACEI

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4
Q

ACEI’s should NOT be used in patients that have severe _____ ______ or bilateral ___ ____ ___

A

Aortic stenosis or bilateral renal artery stenosis

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5
Q

In bilateral renal artery stenosis, you shuold NOT use which class of drug?

A

ACEI’s

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6
Q

What is the commonest reason for a switch from ramipril to candesartan?

A

A dry cough is a common side effect in Ace Inhibitors. As a result, patients are often moved instead on to Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers, like Candesartan or Valsartan.

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7
Q

Name two angiotensin 2 receptor blockers that are used in the treatment of heart failure

A

Valsartan and Candesartan

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8
Q

What is the (by far) most commonly used calcium channel blocker?

A

Amlodipine

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9
Q

What drug class does Felodipine belong to?

A

Calcium channel blocker

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10
Q

Name two side effects of Amlodipine.

A

Peripheral oedema + Headaches

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11
Q

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension, angina, and _____

A

Raynaud’s

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12
Q

Nimodipine is used specifically when a patient has suffered a ____ ______.

A

Subarrachnoid Haemorrhage

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13
Q

Why is nimodipine used in subarrachnoid Haemorrhage?

A

Nimodipine is shown to cause vasospasm in the area of a bleed.

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14
Q

Diltiazem and verapamil belong to which class of drugs?

A

Calcium channel blockers

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15
Q

Diltiazem and verapimil affect the conducting pathway of the heart. They are ___ inotropic.

A

Diltiazem and verapamil are both negatively inotropic.

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16
Q

What drug class do Indapamide and Chlortalidone belong to?

A

These are Thiazide/Thiazide-like diuretics.

17
Q

The effect of thiazide diuretic agents is diminished in patients with what?

A

Renal failure

18
Q

Metolazone is used in which condition? What else do you know about this drug?

A

Metolazone is used in refractory heart failure. It is a VV potent thiazide-like diuretic.

19
Q

Name some side effects of Metolazone?

A

Electrolyte disturbance, gout, hyperglycaemia and deranged lipids.

20
Q

A patient with refractory heart failure has been started on a new medication. They then develop electrolyte disturbance, gout, hyperglycaemia and deranged lipids. What is the new drug most likely to be?

A

Metolazone

21
Q

Doxazocin, Prazocin, and Terazocin are members of which drug class?

A

These are Alpha-1 blockers. (Alpha adrenoreceptor blockers)

22
Q

When are Alpha-1 blockers used in the treatment of hypertension?

A

These are fourth line agents.

23
Q

How do Alpha-1 blockers work as anti-hypertensive agents?

A

These drugs prevent peripheral vasoconstriction - so they’re not ideal for elderly patients that are unstable on their feet.

24
Q

Propranolol, Bisoprolol, carvedilol and Metoprolol belong to which drug class?

A

Beta-Adrenoreceptor blockers.

25
Q

Which non cardiac conditions is propanolol used for?

A

Anxiety, hyperthyroidism, and migraine prophylaxis.

26
Q

Bisoprolol is a B-adrenoreceptor blocker that is ____ ____, and used in the treatment of cardiac ____.

A

Bisoprolol is cardiac selective. It is used in cardiac arrhythmias.

27
Q

Carvedilol is a Beta-Blocker that is used exclusively in the treatment of ____ _____

A

Heart failure

28
Q

Metoprolol is a Beta-Blocker that is used in the short term management of ____ ______.

A

Cardiac Arrhythmias

29
Q

What are the contraindications to the use of Metoprolol or Carvedilol?

A

Wheeze, conduction defects, raynauds. The action of Beta-Blockers in UNOPPOSED in phaeochromocytoma - patients with this condition MUST also be given an alpha blocker.

30
Q

Soriasis is made worse by which class of drugs?

A

Beta-Blockers

31
Q

When is Labetolol useful?

A

This is an alpha and beta adrenoreceptor blockers, which is useful in pregnancy, and is also used for rapid control of BP in aortic dissection.

32
Q

Methyldopa is an antihypertensive medication used largely in which class of patients?

A

Pregnant women.

Medicine Year 3 (Bear) (6 decks)

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