Pharmacology

Question 1

When is Trandolapril used?

Answer 1

This is an ACEI used in Paeds patients

Question 2

What ACEI can you give for the mgmt of hypertension in a child?

Answer 2

Trandolapril

Question 3

If a patient has severe Aortic stenosis, which drug class should you not use?

Answer 3

ACEI

Question 4

ACEI’s should NOT be used in patients that have severe _____ ______ or bilateral ___ ____ ___

Answer 4

Aortic stenosis or bilateral renal artery stenosis

Question 5

In bilateral renal artery stenosis, you shuold NOT use which class of drug?

Answer 5

ACEI’s

Question 6

What is the commonest reason for a switch from ramipril to candesartan?

Answer 6

A dry cough is a common side effect in Ace Inhibitors. As a result, patients are often moved instead on to Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers, like Candesartan or Valsartan.

Question 7

Name two angiotensin 2 receptor blockers that are used in the treatment of heart failure

Answer 7

Valsartan and Candesartan

Question 8

What is the (by far) most commonly used calcium channel blocker?

Answer 8

Amlodipine

Question 9

What drug class does Felodipine belong to?

Answer 9

Calcium channel blocker

Question 10

Name two side effects of Amlodipine.

Answer 10

Peripheral oedema + Headaches

Question 11

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension, angina, and _____

Answer 11

Raynaud’s

Question 12

Nimodipine is used specifically when a patient has suffered a ____ ______.

Answer 12

Subarrachnoid Haemorrhage

Question 13

Why is nimodipine used in subarrachnoid Haemorrhage?

Answer 13

Nimodipine is shown to cause vasospasm in the area of a bleed.

Question 14

Diltiazem and verapamil belong to which class of drugs?

Answer 14

Calcium channel blockers

Question 15

Diltiazem and verapimil affect the conducting pathway of the heart. They are ___ inotropic.

Answer 15

Diltiazem and verapamil are both negatively inotropic.

Question 16

What drug class do Indapamide and Chlortalidone belong to?

Answer 16

These are Thiazide/Thiazide-like diuretics.

Question 17

The effect of thiazide diuretic agents is diminished in patients with what?

Answer 17

Renal failure

Question 18

Metolazone is used in which condition? What else do you know about this drug?

Answer 18

Metolazone is used in refractory heart failure. It is a VV potent thiazide-like diuretic.

Question 19

Name some side effects of Metolazone?

Answer 19

Electrolyte disturbance, gout, hyperglycaemia and deranged lipids.

Question 20

A patient with refractory heart failure has been started on a new medication. They then develop electrolyte disturbance, gout, hyperglycaemia and deranged lipids. What is the new drug most likely to be?

Answer 20

Metolazone

Question 21

Doxazocin, Prazocin, and Terazocin are members of which drug class?

Answer 21

These are Alpha-1 blockers. (Alpha adrenoreceptor blockers)

Question 22

When are Alpha-1 blockers used in the treatment of hypertension?

Answer 22

These are fourth line agents.

Question 23

How do Alpha-1 blockers work as anti-hypertensive agents?

Answer 23

These drugs prevent peripheral vasoconstriction - so they’re not ideal for elderly patients that are unstable on their feet.

Question 24

Propranolol, Bisoprolol, carvedilol and Metoprolol belong to which drug class?

Answer 24

Beta-Adrenoreceptor blockers.

Question 25

Which non cardiac conditions is propanolol used for?

Answer 25

Anxiety, hyperthyroidism, and migraine prophylaxis.

Question 26

Bisoprolol is a B-adrenoreceptor blocker that is ____ ____, and used in the treatment of cardiac ____.

Answer 26

Bisoprolol is cardiac selective. It is used in cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 27

Carvedilol is a Beta-Blocker that is used exclusively in the treatment of ____ _____

Answer 27

Heart failure

Question 28

Metoprolol is a Beta-Blocker that is used in the short term management of ____ ______.

Answer 28

Cardiac Arrhythmias

Question 29

What are the contraindications to the use of Metoprolol or Carvedilol?

Answer 29

Wheeze, conduction defects, raynauds. The action of Beta-Blockers in UNOPPOSED in phaeochromocytoma - patients with this condition MUST also be given an alpha blocker.

Question 30

Soriasis is made worse by which class of drugs?

Answer 30

Beta-Blockers

Question 31

When is Labetolol useful?

Answer 31

This is an alpha and beta adrenoreceptor blockers, which is useful in pregnancy, and is also used for rapid control of BP in aortic dissection.

Question 32

Methyldopa is an antihypertensive medication used largely in which class of patients?

Answer 32

Pregnant women.