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GER MS2 Unit 2 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

A
  • direct acting carbamic ester
  • direct acting muscarinic cholinomimetic
  • used for post op and neurogenic ileus, urinary retention
  • side effects: SLUDGE
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2
Q

Muscarine

Pilocarpine (Salagen)

Cevimeline (Evoxac)

A
  • direct acting non-ester alkaloid
  • direct acting muscarinic cholinomimetic
  • side effects: SLUDGE
  • pilocarpine: treats glaucoa
  • cevimeline: treats dry mouth
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3
Q

Nicotine (NRT)

A
  • direct acting non-ester alkoloid
  • direct acting nicotinic cholinomimetic
  • used for smoking cessation (reduces cravings)
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4
Q

short acting AChE inhibitors (0.5-2 hrs)

A
  • indirect acting carbamates; dock like ACh to temporarily inhibit
  • side effects: SLUDGE, general increase in cholinergic neurotransmission; paralysis
  • neostigmine (prostigmin): post operative and neurogenic ileus, urinary retension, myasthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular blockade
  • physostigmine (eserine): treats glaucoma
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5
Q

Donepezil (Aricept)

A
  • indirect acting non-ester
  • AChE inhibitor
  • treats Alzheimer’s (amplifies endogenous ACh in brain)
  • side effects: SLUDGE, general increase in cholinergic neurotransmission, paralysis
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6
Q

Edrophonium (Enlon)

A
  • indirect active non-ester
  • AChE inhibitor (v. short acting 5-15mins)
  • used to diagnose myasthenia gravis (deficiency vs. ACh crisis); treats ileus
  • side effects: SLUDGE, general increase in cholinergic neurotransmission, paralysis
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7
Q

Echothiophate (Phospholine)

A
  • indirect acting organophosphate
  • long acting ACh inhibitor (>100 hrs)
  • treats glaucoma
  • side effects: SLUDGE, general increase in cholinergic neurotransmission, paralysis
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8
Q

Pralidoxine (Protopam)

A
  • strong nucleophile that regenerates phosphorylated AChE
  • treats poisoning by nerve gas, insecticide; give for overdose of any indirect acting muscarinic
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9
Q

Sarin

Parathion

A
  • very potent indirect acting organophosphate
  • AChE inhibitor (forms covalent bond with receptor)
  • side effects: SLUDGE, general increase in cholinergic neurotransmission, paralysis; death
  • treat with pralidoxime and atropine before aging
  • sarin: volatile nerve gas
  • parathion: insecticide
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10
Q

tertiary amine antimuscarinics

A
  • block muscarinic receptors
  • side effects: general block of muscarinic functions
  • atropine: mydriasis, cycloplegia
  • scoploamine: prevent/reduce motion sickness
  • tropicamine: myrdiasis, clycloplegia (rapidly metabolized)
  • tolterodine (detrol): transient cystits, post op bladder spasms, incontinence
  • benztropine: treat maniestations of parkinson’s (crosses BBB)
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11
Q

quaternary amine antimuscarinic

A
  • blocks muscarinic receptors
  • side effects: general block of muscarinic functions
  • glycopyrrolate: reduces transient hypermotility (crosses membranes poorly)
  • ipratropium (atrovent): bronchodilation in asthma/COPD
  • tiotropium (spiriva): bronchodilation in asthma/COPD; longer acting that ipratropium
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12
Q

Hexamethoium (Methium)

Mecamylamine

A
  • ganglionic blocker; competitively inhibits Nn receptor and sympathetic tone
  • treats: HTN crisis; “bloodless” field surgery
  • rarely used
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13
Q

Succinylcholine (Anectine)

A
  • depolarizing blocker (MC used); overstimulates N receptor→ desensitization of muscle unit to further ACh (flaccid paralysis in 1 min)
  • used for brief procedures (tracheal intubation, dislocation resets)
  • side effects: respiratory paralysis, disturbance of autonomic function
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14
Q

Tubocurarine (Curare)

Mivacurium (Mivacron)

A
  • nondepolarizing blocker; blocks nicotinic (Nm) receptor
  • muscle relaxant or surgery without deep anesthesia
  • side effects: respiratory paralysis, disturbance of autonomic function
  • tubocurarine: lasts 30-60 mins
  • mivacurium: short acting (rapidly hydrolyzed)
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15
Q

Botulinum A toxin (Botox)

A
  • local paralytic; blocks vesicle fusion and ACh release on presynaptic terminal by degrading SNAP-25
  • treats achalasia, strabismus, oromandibular dystonia; reduces wrinkles
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16
Q

hyperbaric oxygen

A
  • prevents lipid peroxidation and delayed nerologic sequelae in CO poisoning
  • use in high risk individuals after smoke inhalation ( >30 y.o and/or loss of consciousness)
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17
Q

nitrites

A
  • turns RBC Hb→ metHb, CN moves Fe3+ on cyt to those in RBCs creating cyanometHb
  • dangerous for use with concurrent CO poisoning
  • patients who are G6PD deficiency will not respond to this treatment
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18
Q

sodium thiosulfate

A

enhances normal metabolism of cyanide via rhodanase

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19
Q

hydroxycobalamin (cyanokit)

A
  • binds with cyanide→ cyanocobalamin (B12)
  • treats smoke inhalation victims not improving with supportive care; cyanide exposure; nitroprusside at risk patients
  • give concurrently with sodium thiosulfate
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20
Q

methylene blue (urolene blue)

A
  • cofactor of NADPH reductase (gains e and donates it to reduce metHb)
  • treats methemoglobinemia >20-30% or with symptoms
  • side effects: hemolytic anemia (weak oxidizing capability); pain at injection site, dyspnea, reslessness, tremor
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21
Q

norepi (levophed)

A
  • nonselective agonist; α1, α2, β1
  • treats acute hypertension
  • side effects: HTN, arrythmias, headache
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22
Q

epi

A
  • neurohormone (no synapse)
  • nonselective agonist; α1, (α2), β1, β2
  • treats anaphylactic shock; + local anesthetics for dental procedures (less dramatic effect on BP, less irritating, and more potent than NE); glaucoma
  • side effects: palpitations, arrythmias, headache
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23
Q

amphetamine

A
  • indirect acting (increases release of norepi)
  • treats ADHD, narcolepsy; just for funsies
  • side effects: HTN, insomnia, anxiety, arrythmias
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24
Q

isoproterenol

A
  • nonselective β agonist (β1, β2)
  • treats shock, heart block
  • side effects: palpitation, tachy, headache
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25
Q

dobutamine

A
  • β1-selective agonist
  • treats cardiac decompensation, shock, heart block; used as chemical cardiac stress test
  • side effects: tachyarrythmias, HTN
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26
Q

albuterol (proventil)

terbutaline (brethine)

A
  • β2-selective agonist
  • prevents/reverses exercise-induced bronchospasm; treats mild asthma, COPD
    • terbutaline: treats early labor
  • side effects: can mask progressively severe inflammation; tachycardia, muscle tremor
  • takes 10-15 mins to act with 6-12 hrs duration
  • nebulizer delivers more but there are greater side effects; oral is least effective (requires more dose→ side effects)
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27
Q

phenylephrine (neo-synephrine)

A
  • α1-selective agonist
  • treats nasal congestion, posterural hypotension
  • side effects: HTN, reflex brady; desensitize receptors with overuse→ rebound congestion
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28
Q

clonidine (catapres)

A
  • α2-selective agonist (CNS)
  • treats HTN, shock, withdrawal from drug dependence
  • side effects: sedation
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29
Q

α-methyldopa (Aldomet)

A
  • prodrug crosses BBB, metabolite (a-methylnorepi) activates CNS α2
  • treats HTN
  • side effects: sedation
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30
Q

fenoldopam (corlopam)

A
  • selective dopamine agonist (D1 only)
  • increases blood flow at renal, mesenteric, and cerebral arteries
  • 10 min half life (good for HTN emergencies)
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31
Q

dopamine

A
  • mixed acting (direct/indirect) agonist: D1, α1, β1
  • Low dose: direct @ D1; treats renal failure
  • Medium dose: direct @ β1, some indirect; treats shock
  • High dose: direct @ α1, some indirect; vasoconstriction (treats HTN)
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32
Q

phentolamine (regitine)

phenoxybenzamine (dibenzyline)

A
  • nonselective α-antagonists
  • treats pheochromocytoma (during surgery because trauma→ high catecholamines), Raynaud’s, frostbite
  • side effects: postural hypotension, inhibits ejaculaton
  • phenoxybenzamine: also is a non-competitve blocker (covalently bonds to receptors)
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33
Q

prazosin (minipress)

terazosin (hytrin)

A
  • α1-selective antagonists
  • treats primary HTN, BPH (decrease resistance to urine outflow)
  • side effects: postural hypotension (usually 1st dose); less side effects than the nonselective α antagonists
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34
Q

1st generation nonselective β-antagonist

A
  • propranolol (inderal): angina, HTN, arrythmias, migrains, anxiety
  • timolol (betimol): glaucoma
  • side effects: bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, sexual dysfunction
  • do not use for CHF
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35
Q

2nd generation β1-selective antagonist

A
  • treat HTN, angina, arrythmias, CHF
  • side effects: brady, sexual dysfunction; less danger of precipitating an asthma attack than nonspecific β antagonists
  • metoprolol (lopressor)
  • atenolol (tenormin)
  • bisoprolol (zebeta)
36
Q

3rd generation β-antagonists

A
  • class A (nonselective; also α1 blocker)
    • carvedilol (coreg)
    • labetalol (trandate)
  • class B (β1 selective; also Ca2+ channel blocker)
    • betaxolol (kerlone)
  • ​treat CHF, HTN
  • side effects: brady, fatigue
37
Q

tyramine

A
  • indirect acting agonist; increases cytoplasmic NE release (MAO inhibitor)
  • invovled with an exchange transporter (tyramine in, NE out)
  • injections→initial BP spike due to NE release then acute tolerance when small cytoplasmic pool of NE is used up with repeat injections
38
Q

Guanethidine (Ismelin)

A
  • nerve ending blocker; false NT preferentially taken up by uptake1→vesicles fill with guanethidine; “shoot blanks”
  • treat HTN
  • side effects are many and serious (dont use in US, doesn’t cross BBB)
39
Q

cocaine

A
  • prevents NE reuptake
  • used as a local anesthetic, nasoconstrictor
  • side effects: insomnia, anxiety, arrythmias
40
Q

reserpine

A
  • nerve ending blocker; release of empty vesicles (NE not taken into vesicles because it binds uptake1 and stops)
  • older anti-HTN
  • many serious side effects (esp. depression and suicide)
  • cheap, used abroad
41
Q

α-me-tyrosine (Metirosine)

A
  • nerve ending blocker; inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase (decreases NE and DA synthesis)
  • treats pheochromocytoma
  • many serious side effects
42
Q

ephedrine (pretz-D)

A
  • Mixed agonist: direct (β2) and indirect
  • treats nasal decongestion
  • side effects; anorexia
43
Q

quinolone derivatives

A
  • prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks
  • accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin→ oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases
    • quinine (qualaquin): can also cause cinchonism, hypotension, hypoglycemia, abortion, arrhythmias
    • chroloquine (aralen): can also cause itching (Africans), retinitis (rare)
    • hydroxyclhloroquine (plaquenil)
    • mefloqine (lariam)
44
Q

amantadine (symmetrel)

A

+charge helps chloroquine overcome chloroquine-resistant malaria vacuoles; point mutations against amantadine return bacteria to chloroquine-sensitivity

45
Q

artesunate

artemether

A
  • artemisinin compound
  • specifically and selectively inhibit SERCA of P. falciparum
  • artesunate: neurotoxicity, long QT
46
Q

atovaqunoe (mepron)

A
  • nepthalene; depolarizes parasitic mitochondria and inhbits e-transport
  • antimalaria
  • used in combination with chloroguanide for chloroquine resistant strains of p. falciparum
47
Q

chloroguanide/proguanil (malarone)

A
  • antifolate; DHFR inhibit (human and parasitic pathway)
  • antimalarial
48
Q

tetracycline

clinamycin

doxycycline

A
  • antibiotics uses to treat severe malaria and chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria
  • inhibits protein translation
  • side effects: photosensitivity
49
Q

H1 receptor antagonist

A
  • rapidly absorbed orally, widely distributed, rapidly metabolized via liver microsomes
  • treats: allergic reactions, motion sickness, nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, sleep aids
  • side effects: sedation, anti-muscarinic action, poisoning (esp. children) with convulsions, allergy, local anesthesia
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • Tripelennamine (Pyribenzamine): OTC sleep aid
  • Meclizine (Dramamine II, Antivert), Hydroxyzine (Atarax): motion sickness
  • Promethazine (Phenergan): antiemetic
  • Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton): component of cold medicine, less segating
50
Q

2nd generation H1 receptor antagonist

A
  • treat allergic rhinitis; no sedation
  • poorly cross BBB so fewer side effects
  • Loratadine (Claritin): cardiovascular effects (rare with high doses)
  • Fexofenadine (Allegra): cardiovascular effects (rare with high doses)
  • Azelastine (Astelin): intranasal spray and opthlamic solution
  • Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
51
Q

H2 receptor antagonists

A
  • block gastric acid secretion (more so with nocturnal acid secretion than meal secretion)
  • treats dyspepsia, duodenal and gastric ulcers, hypersecretory conditions
  • CNS dysfunction possible
  • Cimetidine (Tagamet): antiandrogen (impotence and gynecomastia); inhibition of P450; most side effects of the H2 blockers
  • Ranitidine (Zantac): liver toxicity
  • Famotidine (Pepcid)
  • Nizatidine (Axid): least side effects of the H2 blockers
52
Q

Cyproheptadine (Periactin)

A
  • antihistaminic and antiserotinergic
  • treats skin allergies (urticaria, anti-5HT1), diarrhea of carcinoid syndrome (anti-5HT2)
  • side effects: sedation, antimuscarinic
53
Q

ketanserin

A
  • selective 5HT2A,2C receptor antagonist; α1 and H1 receptor antagonist
  • not used in US
  • treats HTN (relaxes vascular and tracheal smooth muscle), antiplatelet aggregation
54
Q

Odansetron (Zofran)

Granisetron (Kytril)

A
  • 5HT3 receptor antagonist
  • treats N/V in chemotherapy (v. effective)
55
Q

ergot alkaloids

A
  • Agonist and antagonist actions at 5HT and α-adrenergic receptors
  • side effects: powerful hallucinations, smooth muscle contraction (vascular and uterine)
56
Q

Ergotamine (Ergomar)

A
  • ergot alkaloid; nonspecific partial agonist at all 5HT1,2 receptors; partial agonist at α-adrenergic receptors
  • Prevents migraines when taking during prodrome
  • side effects: N/V, cumulative and prolonged vasoconstriction
57
Q

Methysergide (Cycloset)

A
  • ergot alkaloid, partial agonist at all 5HT1 receptors, antagonist at 5HT2
  • no longer on US market
  • migraine prophylaxis
  • side effects: GI disturbances, inflammatory fibrosis (chronic use), hallucinations
58
Q

ergonovine

A
  • ergot alkaloid; α-adrenergic receptor agonist
  • treats postpartum hemorrhage (oxytocic)
59
Q

Bromocriptine (Sansert)

A
  • ergot alkoloid; dopamine agonist
  • treats hyperprolactinemia
60
Q

triptans

A
  • non-ergot erotinin analogs; 5HT1B, D receptor agonists
  • 70% effective migraine treatment
61
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, Aspirin)

A
  • salicylate; acetyl-salicylic acid irreversibly acetylates COX-1 and -2; metabolite (salicylic acid) reversibly inhibits COX-1 and -2
  • at low doses (“baby aspirin”) it irreversibly inhibits platelets, preventing thromboxane A2 formation
  • antiplatelet, analgesic and antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory (in ascending order of amount taken)
  • often taken as a “baby aspirin” to prevent MI, CVA
  • side effects: GI irritation, bleeding and anemia, hepatotoxicity, and salicylate toxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity in elderly or hypovolemic patients; rare HSRx
62
Q

Diflunisal (Dolobid)

A
  • salicylate; difluorophenyl derivitive of salicylic acid reversibly inhibits COX-1 and -2
  • treats osteoarthritis, strains/sprains, dental pain, and postepisiotomy pain
  • Fewer GI side effects and less effect on platelets than aspirin
63
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A
  • Para-amino phenol; reversibly inhibits COX1, 2 (favors COX-1)
  • analgesic and antipyretic effect similar to aspirin, but weak anti-inflammatory effects
  • side effects: renal tubular necrosis if chronically abused with other NSAIDs; hepatic necrosis with overdose
  • less GI irritation than aspirin
  • Poor function in presence of peroxides (found in sites of inflammation); mostly metabolized via conjugation, but minor pathway via P450 enzymes may lead to toxic intermediate (N-acetyl-benzoquinoneimine)
64
Q

Indomethacin (Indocin)

Sulindac (Clinoril)

A
  • indole; reversible COX-1 and -2 inhibitor (favors COX-1)
  • treats RA (10x as potent as aspirin), ankylosing spondyitis, osteoarthritis, gout
  • side effects: thrombocytopenia, asplastic anmia, severe frontal headaches
  • nephrotoxicity in elderly or hypovolemic patients
  • sulindac: half as potent as indomethacin; side effects less frequent
65
Q

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)

Flurbiprofen (Ocufen)

Naproxen (Aleve)

Oxaprozin (Daypro)

A
  • proprionic acid dervitive; reversibly inhibits COX-1, 2 (favors COX-1)
  • treats rheumatic disorders, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, postpartum pain, dysmenorrheal pain
  • side effects: GI irritation; hepatotoxicity (less frequent than aspirin)
  • naproxen: longer half life than most proprionic acid derivatives (13 hrs vs. 1-2 hrs)
  • oxaprozin: 50 hr half life
66
Q

Piroxicam (Feldene)

A
  • enolic acid; reversibly inhibits COX-1, 2 (favors COX-1)
  • Long-term treatment of RA or osteoarthritis; also, ankylosing spondylitis, acute musculoskeletal disorders, acute gout
  • 45 hr half life allows for daily dosing; slow onset of action
  • same side effects as aspirin
67
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol)

Diclofenac (Voltaren)

A
  • Heteroaryl acetic acid; Reversibly inhibits COX-1, 2 (favors COX-1)
  • ketorolac: use as alternative to opiods; post op pain, inflammatory eye conditions; injectable
  • diclofenac: long term treatment of RA or osteoarthritis; also, ankylosing spondylitis, migraines; can cause GI irritation
68
Q

Celocoxib (Celebrex)

Etoricoxib (Arcoxia)

A
  • COX-2 inhibitor (selectively inhibits COX-2 because it is too bulky to reliably interact in COX-1 site)
  • has same anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects as NSAIDs
  • less GI toxicity than traditional NSAIDs
  • contraindicated in patients with heart problems/pregnancy
69
Q

Unfractionated heparin

A
  • Indirect thrombin inhibitor; binds antithrombin potentiating formation of antithrombin-coagulation factor complex (Xa, IIa)
  • prevents/treats venous thromboembolism; maintains patency; v. effective in cancer patients
  • side effects: HIT (binds PF4 which is highly immunogenic→activated platelets), bleeding; osteoporosis
  • given parenterally; monitored via PTT (want 2-2.5X normal value); reversed by protamine
70
Q

Dalteparin (Fragmin)

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

Fondaparinux (Arixtra)

A
  • indirect thrombin inhibitor; LMWH that inhibits thrombin less effectively than Xa
  • side effects: HIT, bleeding; osteoporosis and thombocytoenia
  • dalteparin: prevent thrombosis and embolism from clots
    • monitored by heparin assay (anti-factor Xa); longer half-life than heparin (1-2/day); reversed by protamine
  • enoxaparin: drug of choice in pregnancy; prevention/treatment of venous thromboembolism
    • monitored by heparin assay (anti-factor Xa); longer half-life than heparin (1-2/day); reversed by protamine
  • ​fondaparinux: synthetic polysaccharide that binds active site of antithrombin (inhibits Xa); given for HIT; no antidote
71
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin)

A
  • vit. K antagonist; blocks vit. K-dependent gamma-carboxylation of factors II, VII, IX, X, Protein C and S (does not affect already synthesized factors)
  • used for long term anticoagulation; valvular disease
  • side effects: thombosis (protein C depression), bleeding; small therapeutic window; teratogenic
  • metabolism enhanced by drugs that induce P450 activity (e.g., barbiturates)
  • monitored by PT/INR; reversed by vit. K and factor concentrates
72
Q

Bivalirudin (Angiomax)

Argatroban (Acova)

A
  • direct thrombin inhibitor; inactivates fibrinogen-bound and unbound thrombin
  • irreversible; no antidote
  • used as percutaneous coronary intervention
  • side effects: bleeding
  • Administered parenterally; monitored by PTT
73
Q

Dabigatran (Pradaxa)

A
  • direct thrombin inhibitor; inactivates fibrinogen-bound and unbound thrombin; competitive inhibitor (reversible)
  • treats DVT, PE, Afib
  • side effects: bleeding
  • Oral; renal fixed dose clearance (no monitoring); idarucizumab = antidote
74
Q

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Apixaban (Eliquis)

A
  • direct Xa inhibitor; reversibly bind active site of Xa
  • DVT/PE prophylaxis
  • side effeects: bleeding
  • oral; renal fixed dose clearance (no monitoring; andexanet = antidote
75
Q

Alteplase

Reteplase (Retavase)

Tenecteplase (TNKase)

A
  • fibrinolytic; lyse already formed clots by activating plasminogen
  • treats STEMIs
  • alteplase: acute stroke, PE
  • reteplase: less clot specific, more systemic activation
  • tenecteplase: more clot specific, less systemic activation
76
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Prasugrel (Effient)

Ticagrelor (Brilinta)

A
  • antiplatelet; inhibits platelet ADP receptors
  • prevent/treat ACS, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, agina; use s/p stent placement
  • side effects: bleeding (TTP rare)
  • reversed by platelet transfusion
77
Q

Abciximab (Reopro)

A
  • antiplatelet; monoclonal antibody against GP IIb/IIIa
  • side effects: may elicit immune response
78
Q

Eptifibatide (Integrilin)

Tirofiban (Aggrastat)

A
  • antiplatelet; fibrinogen analog which competes with endogenous fibrinogen and vWF for IIb/IIIa
  • side effects: bleeding; ACS; PCI; thrombocytopenia
79
Q

Hydrocortisone

A
  • steroid
  • treats dermatitis, psoriasis
  • side effects: atrophy/thinning of skin (collagen), stretch marks, talangiectasias, acne, cataract or glaucoma if applied near eye
  • Systemical use affects hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis→ growth retardation
  • Seven classes (class I is strongest, class VII is weakest)
80
Q

cyclosporine

A
  • immunosuppressant
  • treats inflammatory conditions (e.g. psoriasis)
  • side effects: raises blood pressure→ kidney damage if used long-term
81
Q

Methotrexate

A
  • folate analog; inhibits DHFR
  • treats inflammatory conditions (psoriasis) and conditions needing immunosuppression
  • hepatotoxicity (develops slowly, can give up to 4.5 g over life); pulmonary toxicity (develops quickly); leukopenia; rarely, renal toxicity
  • drugs increasing unbound protein (sulfa, salicylates, TCN, phenytoin) may cause methotrexate toxicity
82
Q

biologics

A
  • block TNF-a
  • treats inflammatory conditions, arthritis
  • side effects: few (may unmask neurologic disease, latent infections (must do PPDs), malignancies)
  • $$$
83
Q

UV light therapy

A
  • UVA, UVB, UVC; immunosuppression of T-cells via type I or type II reactions → mono- or bifunctional adducts in DNA
  • treats inflammatory conditions (atopic dermatitis, CTCL, lichen planus, psoriasis)
  • side effects: skin cancer, thinning/leathering of skin
  • used with psoralens (photosensitizing agents); phenothiazines, thiazides, sulfonamides, NSAIDs, tetracycline, benzodiazapenes also sensitize skin
84
Q

Isotretinoin (Accutane)

Acitretin (Soriatane)

A
  • Retinoid; stimulates epithelial cell turnover; also anti-inflammatory
  • good as adjunct to other therapies
  • teratogenic effects
  • isotretinoin: acne; teratogenic effects washes out in 3 wks
  • acitretin: psoriasis; teratogenic effects stays in fat stores for three years
85
Q

​Primaquine (Primaryl)

A
  • also a quinolone derivative but forms quinolone-quinone intermediates that oxidize schizont membranes (only drug that inhibits exoerythrocytic schyzogony; kills at liver stage)
  • prevents relapses
  • side effects: hemolysis (G6PD), methemoglobinemia, N/V/fever

GER MS2 Unit 2 (3 decks)

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