Pharmacology

Question 1

cyclobenzaprine

Flexeril

Answer 1

skeletal muscle relaxant

blocks impulses (pain, etc) sent to brain

caution during ambulation

intended for short-term use only

contra: AVOID if MAO

Question 2

magnesium sulfate

magnesium 5-8 mg/dL

Answer 2

anticonvulsant, CNS depressant

for seizures

promotes smooth muscle relaxation

if IV, close monitoring of toxicity (antidote: CALCIUM GLUCONATE)

S/E: absent DTR, respiratory paralysis

contra: heart block, myocardial damage

Question 3

spironolactone

Aldactone

Answer 3

potassium sparing diuretic for HTN

blocks Na reabsorption, thus saving K and H from excretion

promotes fluid balance and control HTN

S/E: HYPERKALEMIA, hyponatremia

Question 4

rifampin

Rifadin

Answer 4

1st line antituberculosis

S/E: reddish-orange body fluids, vision changes, hepatotoxicity, hepatitis

monitor liver fxn, avoid soft contact lenses, if using hormonal contraception suggest barrier contraceptive

Question 5

iron supplement

Answer 5

treat deficiency anemia

monitor H and H

use straw for liquid form to avoid STAINING

take with food to reduce GI effects

Question 6

medication dosage calculation

Answer 6

do not round final answer

desired/available x quantity = x

Question 7

haloperidol

Haldol

Answer 7

typical (POS+ s/s) antipsychotic for schizo

S/E: EXTRAPYRAMIDAL rxns (Parkinsonianism-tremors, dystonia-involunary movements, akathisia-restlessness, tardive dyskinesia-tongue protrusion)

harmless pink to red-brownish urine

wean off

monitor for neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 8

morphine

hydroxyzine

Answer 8

narcotic opioid analgesic

S/E: hypoTN, sedation

hydroxyzine is an antihistamine and antipyretic

monitor for RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, dependence, intake/output, bowel patterns

Question 9

digoxin: infant

Lanoxin (0.5-2 mg/dL)

Answer 9

cardiac glycoside

decrease HR and increase contraction force

hold if infant’s HR 90-110

RARELY receive 1mL (50mcg, 0.05mg) of digoxin dose

give 1 hr before or 2 hrs after feeding (s/s toxicity: poor feeding, vomitting)

S/E: bradycardia, dysrhythmias

Question 10

medication admin

Answer 10

med, dose, client, route, time, and documentation

Question 11

carbamazepine

Tegretol (5-12 mcg/mL)

Answer 11

anticonvulsant, BIPOLAR

for seizures, pain (trigeminal neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy)

do not take if hx of bone marrow suppression

S/E: myelosuppression, skin rash

Question 12

propranolol

Inderal

Answer 12

beta-adrenergic blocker

for HTN, dysrhythmia, angina

block sympathetic impulses

S/E: bradycardia, heart failure take pulse, w/ meals, blood glucose (med induces hypoglycemia)

Question 13

transfusion reactions

Answer 13

allergic (hypersensitivity to donor antibodies, fever, anaphylactic shock)

hemolytic (incompatibility, N/V, pain in lower back, hypoTN)

febrile (antibodies to donor platelets or leukocytes: fever, chills, N/V, headache)

remain w/ pt for first 15 mins within 50 ml of transfusion

Question 14

insulin: intermediate acting

Answer 14

Humulin NPH for hypoglycemia

cloudy

withdraw clear before cloudy (short acting Regular before intermediate Humulin NPH acting)

Question 15

administration: eye medication

Answer 15

eye drop: from the side, hold dropper above conjunctival sac, don’t allow dropper to touch cornea

eye ointment: ointment along inner edge of lower eyelid from inner cantus to other, rub closed eye in circular motion unless contraindicated or not necessary

intraocular discs: concave side up to fingertip, pull lower eyelid down, apply disc concave side against sclera, position lower eyelid over disc, and disc should be below iris under the lower eyelid

Question 16

stomatitis

(inflammation of mouth, lips, tongue, and mucous membranes)

Answer 16

common with chemotherapy

monitor pts undergoing chemo for stomatitis

Question 17

aspirin

ASA

acetylsalicyclic acid

Answer 17

salicylate analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, antirheumatic, antiplatelet

S/E: bleeding, heartburn, SALICYLISM (tinnitus, urtcaria, anaphylactic shock)

monitor for tinnitus

don’t give to children - Reye’s syndrome

Question 18

IV flow rate

Answer 18

ml/hr

micro 60gtt/mL

macro 10 15 20 gtt/mL

Question 19

isoniazid

INH

Answer 19

1st line antituberculosis

S/E: peripheral neuritis, neurotoxicity, hepatoxicity/hepatitis, hyperglycemia, vision changes

administer B6 to prevent PERIPHERAL NEURITIS, monitor liver fxn, monitor tingling/numbness, mental status, avoid tyramine-containing foods

Question 20

isosorbide dinitrate

Isordil

Answer 20

nitrate vasodilator for angina

decrease preload and after load

reduce myocardial oxygenation consumption

S/E: orthohypoTN, flushing, dry mouth under tongue

5-10 min intervals with maximum dose of 3

Question 21

trazodone

Oleptro, Desyrel

Answer 21

atypical antidepressant

S/E: frequent and intense sedation, hypoTN, photosensitivity, bone marrow depression, priapism

fall preventive measures

metallic taste

Question 22

heparin

Answer 22

anticoagulant (partial thromboplastin time, 1.5-2.5)

prevents THROMbin from converting to fibrinogen to fibrin

prevents thromboembolism leave needle for 10 secs, do not massage injection site, observe for bleeding, do not aspirate

antidote: PROTAMINE SULFATE

S/E: hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia

Question 23

risperdone

Risperdal

Answer 23

atypical (NEG- s/s) antipsychotic for schizo

monitor for neuroleptic malignant syndrome

S/E: EXTRAPYRAMIDAL rxns (Parkinsonianism-tremors, dystonia-involunary movements, akathisia-restlessness, tardive dyskinesia-tongue protrusion)

harmless pink to red-brownish urine

wean off