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Pharmacology STEP 1 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Bethanechol

A

Direct cholinergic agonist
activates bowel and bladder
resistant to AChE
Bethany, call me to activate your bowel and bladder!

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2
Q

Carbachol

A

Constricts pupil and relieves intraocular pressure in glaucoma
“Carbon copy of ACh”

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3
Q

Methacholine

A

Challenge test for diagnosis of asthma

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4
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Potent stimulator of sweat, tears, and saliva
Open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma

“You cry, drool, and sweat on your pillow”

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5
Q

3 drugs for Alzheimers

A

Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine

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6
Q

Used for diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis

AChE inhibitor

A

Edrophonium

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7
Q

What is neostigmine? What is it used for?

A

AChE
myasthenia gravis
reversal of neuromuscular blockade (post-op)
post op & neurogenic ileus and urinary retention

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8
Q

Does neostigmine cross the BBB?

A

no - neo CNS = no CNS penetration

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9
Q

Another drug used for myasthenia gravis

A

Pyridostigmine

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10
Q

This AChE crosses the BBB and is used for anticholinergic toxicity

A

Physostigmine

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11
Q

What is the anecdote to organophosphate poisoning?

A

atropine (competitive inhibitor) + pralidozime (regenerates AChE if given early)

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12
Q

What are these used for?

Oxybutynin
Solifenacin
Tolterodine

A

muscarinic antagonist for GU

reduce bladder spasms and urge urinary incontinence

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13
Q

What is scopolamine used for?

A

muscarinic antagonist for motion sickness

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14
Q

What are ipratropium and tiotropium used for?

A

anti-muscarinic

COPD, asthma

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15
Q

What is Benztropine used for?

A

anti-muscarinic for Parkinsons

“Park the Benz”

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16
Q

What are hyoscyamine and dicyclomine used for?

A

anti-muscarinic for GI

IBS

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17
Q

What is glycopyrrolate used for?

A

GI, respiratory

reduces drooling, peptic ulcers
prop to reduce airway secretions

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18
Q

Symptoms of atropine toxicity?

A 
hot as a hare
dry as a bone
red as a beet
blind as a bat
mad as a hatter
tachycardia
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19
Q

What GPCR does albuterol, salmeterol bind? What are they used for?

A

B2 > B1

acute asthma or COPD

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20
Q

What GPCR does dobutamine bind?

A

B1 > B2

heart failure, cardiac stress testing

21
Q

What GPCR does dopamine bind?

A

low dose: D1, D2
medium dose: B1, B2
high dose: alpha1, alpha2

22
Q

What GPCR does NE bind to?

A

alpha1 > alpha2 > beta1

23
Q

What GPCR does epi bind to?

A

Beta > alpha

24
Q

What GPCR does phenylephrine bind? What is it used for?

A

alpha1 > alpha2

hypotension, ocular procedures, rhinitis

25
Q

What is the MOA of amphetamine?

What is it used for?

A

indirect sympathetic agonist
reuptake inhibitor
released stored catecholamines;

narcolepsy, obesity, ADHD

26
Q

What is the MOA of cocaine?

What is it used for?

A

indirect general agonist
NE reuptake inhibitor;

vasoconstriction & local anesthesia
some ENT procedures

27
Q

What is the MOA of ephedrine?

What is it used for?

A

indirect general agonist
releases stored catecholamines;

nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension

28
Q

What receptors act on Gq?

A

Cutesies HAV 1 M&M

H1
alpha1
V1
M1
M3
29
Q

What receptors act on Gi?

A

Mad2s

M2
alpha2
D2

30
Q

What receptors act on Gs?

A 
V2
D1
H2
B1
B2
31
Q

What drug blocks choline transfer into presynaptic neuron?

A

hemicholinium

32
Q

What drug blocks ACh packaging into vesicles?

A

vesamicol

33
Q

What drug blocks ACh vesicle release?

A

Botulinum toxin

34
Q

What drug blocks Tyrosine to DOPA?

A

metyrosine

35
Q

What drug blocks NE packaging into vesicles?

A

reserpine

36
Q

What drugs block reuptake of NE?

A

cocaine
TCAs
amphetamines

37
Q

What drugs cause NE release?

A

amphetamine

ephedrine

38
Q

What drugs bock NE release from presynaptic terminal?

A

bretylium

guanethidine

39
Q

Which drugs act on microtubules?

A 
vinblastine, vincristine
Taxels - paclitaxel, docataxel
mebendazole, albendazole
griseofulvin
colchicine (blocks phagocyte movement)
40
Q

How to treat malignant hyperthermia or neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

dantrolene –> blocks Ca++ release for SR to prevent skeletal muscle contraction

41
Q

This is the most common benzo used for endoscopy

A

Midazolam

42
Q

This barbiturate has a high potency, high lipid solubility, and rapid entry into the brain. Used for induction of anesthesia and short surgical procedures

A

thiopental

43
Q

PCP analog that acts as a dissociative anesthetic - blocks NMDA receptors - can cause hallucinations and bad dreams
Increases cerebral blood flow

A

ketamine

44
Q

Used for sedation in the ICU, rapid anesthesia induction, short procedures

A

propofol

45
Q

What are the local anesthetics? How do they work?

A

block Na+ channels **preferentially bind to activated Na+ channels (rapidly firing neurons)

46
Q

What is the one depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug?

A

succinylcholine - strong ACh receptor agonist - produces sustained depolarization and prevents muscle contraction

47
Q

What are the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs?

A 
tobucurarine
altracurium
mivacurium
pancuronium
vecuronium
48
Q

What are the inhaled anesthetics? Side effects?

A 
halothane - hepatotoxicity
enflurane
methoxyflurane - nephrotoxicity 
isoflurane
N20
49
Q

What is used to reverse toxic effects of benzos?

A

flumazenil

Pharmacology STEP 1 (1 decks)

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