Pharmacology

Question 0

What is an antagonist?

Answer 0

A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens agonist-mediated responses rather than provoking a biological response itself upon binding to a receptor

Question 1

What is an agonist?

Answer 1

An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response.

Question 2

What is a competitive antagonist?

Answer 2

A competitive antagonist is a receptor antagonist that binds to a receptor but does not activate the receptor. The antagonist will compete with available agonist for receptor binding sites on the same receptor. Sufficient antagonist will displace the agonist from the binding sites, resulting in a lower frequency of receptor activation.

Question 3

What is a non competitive antagonist?

Answer 3

Will not bind to a receptor site, but to a different site. Does not decrease potency, but efficacy of compound

Question 4

What is a partial agonist?

Answer 4

Partial agonists are drugs that bind to and activate a given receptor, but have only partial efficacy at the receptor relative to a full agonist. Provides baseline stimulation, and prevents other agonists from having maximal effect

Question 5

What is IV?

Answer 5

Intravenous. Fast, direct, and easy to titrate

Question 6

What is IM?

Answer 6

Intramuscular. Vaccinations, antibiotics

Question 7

What is Subcutaneous?

Answer 7

Not directly administrated to muscles, but under the skin

Question 8

What is oral administration?

Answer 8

Most convenient. Subject to digestion , Absorption, straw in subjection to metabolism. Easy to overdose, hard to rid from system and reverse it. Once in system must consider distribution.

Question 9

Partition coefficient

Answer 9

Biggest factor of distribution. What parts of the body it goes to. For example, get a glass of water and oil and see where the drug is distributed
( more lipophilic or hydrophilic ).

Question 10

Barbiturates

Answer 10

Sedative

Question 11

Pentobarbital

Answer 11

Water soluble, doesn’t go into body fat. Fast onset of action and elimination

Question 12

IC50

Answer 12

Concentration of antagonist that prevents agonist from binding by 50%

Question 13

Competitive agonist + competitive agonist

Answer 13

They act to produce same effect, so effect becomes additive, not inhibitory. Binging curve shifts right, response curve shifts left

Question 14

Competitive antagonist + competitive antagonist

Answer 14

Bound curve remains the same, however response curve is 0 throughout, since no response is made by either drug

Question 15

Competitive antagonist + agonist

Answer 15

Increasing the conc. of antagonist can plot out dose for which to prevent agonist from binding. Equal probabilities to bind to receptors. Manipulating affinities (conc.) can make one outcompete with the other.

Question 16

Non competitive antagonist + agonist

Answer 16

Adding this antagonist will decrease amount bound. Rate of association does not change. Decreases amount bound.