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Pharmocolgy > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

0
Q

Tuberculosis

Signs and symptoms

A 
Cough
Night sweats
Weight loss
Hemoptysis 
Chest pain
Fatigue
Fever
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1
Q

Tuberculosis
Precautions

Varicella airborne

A

Airborne
Wear N-95 respirator
Donn gloves gown face shield
Isolate in negative pressure room

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2
Q

Isoniazid

A

Drug of choice in preventive therapy for TB, primary drug for use in combination therapy for active TB.
Side effects: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, stomach pain, weakness, dizziness, slurred speech,
Dosages: tablets, oral syrup, and injectable liquid

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3
Q

Rifampin (Rifadin)

A

Class: anti-tubercular agent
Used in combination with at least one more anti tuberculosis drug
It inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase activity in bacterial cells
Dosage: capsule, injectable powder

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4
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

Class: antitubercular
Bacteriostatic or bactericidal against M. Tuberculosis
Depending on amount of drug given

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5
Q

Advair diskus

Salmeterol/fluticasone

A

Class: respiratory combo, asthma, COPD
Dosage: powder and aerosol

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6
Q

Salmeterol (severent diskus)

A 
Class: Beta2-agonists, Long acting 
Dosage: powder 50mcg/inhalation 
Asthma prevention and maintenance 
COPD maintenance 
Prevention of exercise induced asthma
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7
Q

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin, Proair, AccuNeb)

A

Class: beta 2 adrenergic-agonist
Dosage: MDI- 2 puffs every 4-6 hrs DPI 200mcg every 4-6 hours NEB 2.5mg every 6-8 hrs
Side effects: tremors, nausea, fever, headache, cough, bronchospasm, epistaxis

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8
Q

Levabulterol (Xopenex)

A

Class: beta 2 agonist
Dosage: Nebulizer and Aerosol
Side effects: sinusitis, headaches, viral infections, tachycardia, dizziness, pharyngitis

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9
Q

Montelukast (singular)

A

Class: leukotrienne receptor antagonist, asthma
Dosage: tablet-10mg, tablet chewable-4mg or 5mg, oral granular 4mg/packet
Side effects: headache, abdominal pain, wheezing, viral infections, dizziness, fever
Used for prophylaxis and maintenance treatment

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10
Q

Albuterol/Ipratropium (Combivent Respimat, DuoNeb)

A

Class: respiratory inhalant combos
Dosage: aerosol 100mcg/20mcg, Nebulizer 2.5mg/0.5mg/3ml
Side effects: bronchitis, headache, dyspnea, pain, nausea, diarrhea
Treatment of COPD in patients needing an additional inhaler

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11
Q

Budenoside/Formotorol (Symbicort)

A

Class: respiratory inhalant combos
Dosage: aerosol 80mcg/4.5mcg/actuation, 160mcg/4.5mcg/actuation
Side effects: Headache, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), oral candidiasis, stomach discomfort
Treatment in patient who needs long acting beta agonist (LABA) and inhaled corticosteroids

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12
Q

Prednisone (Rayos, Deltasone, prednisone intensol)

A

Class: corticosteroids
Dosage: oral solution 5mg/5ml, tablet 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50mg, tablet delayed release 1, 2, 5mg
Side effects: crazy wife, high Bp, high blood sugar, psychosis, manic behaviors, aggression, never stop this med, finish the whole pack, you could get adrenal insufficiency DEATH

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13
Q

Fluticasone Inhaled

A

Class: corticosteroid, inhalants
Dosage: aerosol 44mcg/actuation, 110mcg/actuation, 220mcg/actuation, Powder 50mcg/ actuation, 100mcg/actuation, 250mcg/actuation
Side effects: Oral candidiasis, throat irritation, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), headache, fatigue
Maintenance treatment

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14
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Not under voluntary control
Regulates metabolism and the vital signs
Made up of two branches: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

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15
Q

The Sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight
Adrenaline (epinephrine) is released by the adrenal glands in times of emergency
3 receptors that are effect by adrenaline and related medicine
1. A1-located in the blood vessels of the mucous membranes. Vasoconstriction occurs when A1- receptors are stimulated
2. B1- located in the heart. Tachycardia, increased stroke volume, and possible arrhythmia when stimulated.
3. B2- located in the airways. Bronchodilation results when stimulated

16
Q

Ultra short acting bronchodilators

A

Drug name. Brand name. Receptor
Epinephrine. Adrenaline. A, B
Isoetharine Isoetharine HCl. B2
Racemic epinephrine. microNephrine, A, B
Vaponephrine, AsthmaNefrin, Nephron

17
Q

Short acting bronchodilators

A

Metaproterenol (Alupent, Metaprel), B2 receptor, onset 1-5 min, peak 60 min, 2-6 hrs
Pirbuterol (MaxairAutohaler), B2 receptor, onset 5 min, peak 30 min, duration 5 hrs
Terbutaline (Brethair, Bricanyl, Brethine), B2 receptor, onset 5-30 min, peak 30-60 min, duration 3-6 hrs

18
Q

Intermediate acting bronchodilators

A

Albuterol (Proventil, HFA AccuNeb, VentolinHFA, ProAir HFA, VoSpire ER tabs), B2 receptor, onset 15min, peak 30-60 min, duration 5-8 hr

Levabulterol (Xopenex, Xopenex HFA, Xopenex Pediatric) B2 receptor, onset 15 min, peak 30-60 min, duration 5-8 hours

19
Q

Long acting bronchodilators

A

Arformoterol (Brovana), B2 receptor, onset 15 min, peak 30-60, duration 12 hrs
Formoterol (Foradil, Performist), B2 receptor, onset 15 min, peak 30-60 min, duration 12 hrs,
Salmeterol (Serevent evoHaler HFA, Serevent Diskus), B2 receptor, onset 20 min, peak 3-5 hrs, duration 12 hrs

20
Q

Sympathomimetic (inhaled adrenergic agents)

A 
Beta-agonist
Beta-adrenergic agonist 
Catecholamines 
Sympathomimetic amines
Sympathomimetic bronchodilators 
B(beta)-adrenergic bronchodilators
21
Q

Parasympathothlytic (inhaled anticholinergic agents)

A 
Ipratropium (Atrovent HFA), onset 15 min, peak 1-2 hrs, duration 4-6 hrs 
Ipratropium Bromide (Combivent, DuoNeb) onset 15 min and albuterol, peak 1-2 hrs, duration 4-6 hrs
Tiotropium Bromide (Spiriva HandiHaler) onset 30 min, peak 3 hrs, duration 24 hrs
22
Q

Anti inflammatory agents

A

Inhaled corticosteroids
Cromolyn sodium
Leukotrienne modifiers

23
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids

A

Beclomethasone dipropionate HFA (QVAR)
Budesonide (Pulmicort Turbohaler, Flexhaler, and Respules)
Budesonide and Formoterol fumarate HFA (Symbicort)
Flunisolide hemihydrate HFA (Aerospan)
Fluticasone propionate (Flovent HFA, Flovent Diskus)
Fluticasone propionate and Salmeterol (Advair Diskus)
Mometasone furoate (Asmanex Twisthaler
Triamcinolone acetonide (Azmacort)

24
Q

Inhaled Nonsteroidal antiasthma agents

A 
CROMOLYN-LIKE (MAST CELL STABILIZERS)
Cromolyn sodium (Intal, Nasalcrom)
Nedocromil sodium (Tilade)

ANTILEUKOTRIENNES
Montelukast (Singulair)
Zafirlukast (Accolate)
Zileuton (Zyflo, Zyflo CR)

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
Omalizumab (Xolair)

25
Q

Mucolytics or proteolytic agents

A

Acetylcysteine 10% (Mucomyst, Mucosil-10)
Acetylcysteine 20% (Mucomyst, Mucosil-20)
Dornase Alfa (Pulmozyme)
Saline

26
Q

Diuretics

A 
Furosemide (Lasix)
Bumetanide (Bumex)
Torsemide (Demedex)
Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
FOR ICP
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Sterile Urea (Ureaphil, Urevert)
27
Q

Sedatives

A
  1. Benzodiazepine- minor tranquilizer
    Midazolam (Versed), Diazepam (Valium), Lorazapam (Ativan), Chlordiazepoxide (Librium), Alprazolam (Xanax), Triazolam (Halcion), Flurazepam (Dalmane)
  2. NonBarbiturate-sedative hypnotic
    Meprobamate (Miltown), Glutethimide (Doriden), Chloral Hydrate (Noctec)
  3. Barbiturate-sedative hypnotic
    Pentobarbital Sodium (Nembutal), Secobarbital (Seconal), Phenobarbital (Luminol), thiopental sodium (Pentothal)
28
Q

Recommend the use of a sedative

A

When patient is struggling against a necessary intubation or fighter the ventilator
When patient is displaying self destructing behavior because of a drug reaction
Before a medical procedure (Conscious sedation)

29
Q

Analgesics

A 
Morphine Sulfate (Duramorph)
Tylenol with codeine
Oxycodone (Percocet, OxyContin)
Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
Hydromorhone (Dilaudid)
Meperidine (Demerol)
Propoxyphene (Darvon)
30
Q

Reversal of sedative and analgesic

A

Flumazenil (Romazicon) reversal of sedative

Naloxone (Narcan) reversal of analgesics

31
Q

Paralytic agents

A 
Depolarizing blocker
Succinylcholine chloride (Anectine, Quelicin)
Nondepolarizing 
Pancurium bromide (Pavulon)
Vecuronium bromide (Norcuron)
32
Q

Penicillin

A

To treat gram positive bacteria

33
Q

Gentamicin (Garamycin)

A

To treat gram negative bacteria

34
Q

Aerosolized tobramycin (TOBY)

A

To treat Pseudomonas pneumonia in children with Cystic Fibrosis

35
Q

Aerosolized pentamadine isethionate (NebuPent)

A

For prophylactic treatment of pseudomonas carinii

36
Q

Aerosolized ribavirin (Vibrazole)

A

To treat respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in young children

37
Q

Isoniazid (INH)

A

To treat mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB)

Pharmocolgy (2 decks)

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