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Pharmacology Flashcards

0
Q

Cholinergic drug for Sjogren syndrome

A

Pilocarpine

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1
Q

Cholinergic drug for bowel and bladder atony

A

Bethanecol

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2
Q

Cholinergic drug for diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It also differentiates MG from cholinergic crisis

A

Edrophonium

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3
Q

For reversal of nondepolarizing neuromuscular block

A

Neostigmine

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4
Q

Cholinergic drug For treatment of glaucoma

A

Physostigmine

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5
Q

Cholinergic drug for alzheimer’s

A

Danazol and tacrine

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6
Q

Manifestations of organophosphate poisoning?

A 
DUMBBELSS
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia, bronchospasm
Excitation (muscles & cns) 
Lacrimation
Sweating, salivation
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7
Q

Anticholinergic to induce mydriasis and cycloplegia

A

Tropicamide

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8
Q

Anticholinergic to treat bradycardia

A

Atropine

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9
Q

Antidote for organophosphate poisoning or nerve gas poisoning

A

Atropine plus pralidoxime

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10
Q

Anticholinergic for parkinson’s disease

A

Benztropine

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11
Q

Anticholinergic for COPD

A

Ipratropium

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12
Q

Anticholinergic drug for motion sickness

A

Scopolamine

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13
Q

Anticholinergic drug for gastrointestinal spasm

A

Hyoscyamine

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14
Q

Why is ipratropium the preferred bronchodilator in patients with COPD and heart disease?

A

Ipratropium is less likely to cause tachycardia and arrhythmia

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15
Q

Adrenergic drug for cardiac stress testing; acute CHF

A

Dobutamine

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16
Q

Ist line drug for cardiogenic shock or septic shock; for acute CHF

A

Dopamine

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17
Q

Last resort for shock

A

Norepinephrine

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18
Q

Adrenergic drug for nasal congestion and mydriasis, but without cycloplegia

A

Phenylephrine

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19
Q

Why phenylephrine doesn’t produce cycloplegia

A

It spares the ciliary muscle

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20
Q

Produces rebound hypertension upon discontinuation

A

Clonidine

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21
Q

DOC for anaphylactic shock

Also used for cardiac arrest and croup

A

Epinephrine

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22
Q

Adrenergic drug used for tocolysis of preterm labor

A

Terbutaline

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23
Q

MOA of terbutaline in tocolysis

A

It activates beta2 receptors w/c increases cAMP. The increased cAMP produces uterine smooth muscle relaxation

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24
Adrenergic drug that causes hemolytic anemia (Coomb's test positive) Used in pre-eclampsia (maintenance medication)
Methyldopa
25
Beta blocker with longest half life
Nadolol
26
Beta blocker with shortest half life
Esmolol
27
Drugs to control BP in pheochromocytoma
Labetalol, phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine
28
To treat rebound HTN
Phentolamine
29
PREOPERATIVE drug in pheochromocytoma
Phenoxybenzamine
30
Anti-adrenergic for BPH | SE: orthostatic hypotension
Prazosin
31
Beta blockers with ISA
Pindolol, acebutolol
32
Beta blocker with B1 selectivity
Atenolol
33
BB for glaucoma
Timolol
34
BB with combined alpha and beta blockade
Labetalol
35
Advantage of having A1 selectivity
Less reflex tachycardia and less severe
36
First line drug for essential HTN
HCTZ
37
AntiHTN drug for HTN with comorbid CHF/DM SE: cough, angioedema
ACE inhibitors "prils"
38
Drug used if patient cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors
ARBs "sartans"
39
Drug used in pre-eclampsia (for acute lowering of BP), SE: reflex tachycardia and drug-induced lupus
Hydralazine
40
Used in HTN emergency but now used in hair loss due to SE: hypertrichinosis
Minoxidil
41
Used in HTN emergency but can prduce cyanide poisoning
Nitroprusside
42
antidote for cyanide poisoning
give amyl nitrite to induce metHb
43
Give 2 CCB that produces gingival hyperplasia
Nifedipine and verapamil
44
CCB that does not produce gingival hyperplasia
Diltiazem
45
Give 2 anti-anginal drugs for acute relief of angina
NTG and ISDN
46
Why do patients receiving nitrates experience throbbing headaches?
Due to vasodilation of the meningeal arteries
47
CCB that has more effect on the vessels
Nifedipine
48
CCB that has more effect on the heart
Diltiazem and verapamil
49
Why is | Calcium dependent neurotransmission or hormone release not affected by CCB?
Because CCB block the L type calcium channels.
50
Drugs that cause gingival hyperplasia
Verapamil, nifedipine, phenytoin, cyclosporin
51
Cytochrome P450 inducers
Ethel Booba takes Phen-Phen, refuses greasy carb shakes Ethanol, barbiturates, phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampicin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine, smoking, st. John's wort
52
Cytochrome P450 inhibitors
Inhibitors Stop Cyber Kids from Eating GRAPefruit Q INH, Sulfonamides, cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, grapefruit, ritonavie, amiodarone, quinidine
53
Positive inotrope for HF | SE; arrhythmias, color blindness, visual halos
Digoxin
54
First line tx for pulmonary edema
Furosemide
55
Improves survival in CHF
``` Sus! ABA buhay kapa! Spironolactone ACE inhibitor BB ARBs ```
56
Decreases hospitalization in CHF
Digoxin
57
Antiarrhythmic for the treatment of all types of arrhythmia, WPW syndroe SE: drug induced lupus
Procainamide
58
Anti-arrhythmic that can produce cinchonism
Quinidine
59
Used for postMI arrhythmias | SE: seizures
Lidocaine
60
Contraindicated postMI | SE: refractory arrhythmias
Flecainide
61
Used for perioperative and thyrotoxic arrhythmias, SVT
Esmolol
62
Antiarrhythmic with SE: dose dependent torsade de pointes
Sotalol
63
Most efficacious antiarrhythmic and also the most toxic
Amiodarone
64
Manifestations of amiodarone toxicity
Pulmonary fibrosis, paresthesias, tremors, thyroid dysfunc, skin & corneal deposits
65
Why are DHP CCB not useful as antiarrhythmics?
Coz they evoke SY discharge w/c facilitates arrhythmias
66
A diuretic that acts on PCT | Tx of glaucoma & mountain sickness
Acetazolamide
67
Side effects of acetazolamide
NAGMA & encephalopathy
68
A diuretic that acts on TAL | Most efficacious diuretic
Furosemide
69
Side effect of furosemide
Ototoxocity Hypokalemia Hypocalcemia
70
Diuretic that acts on DCT
HCTZ
71
Side effects of HCTZ
Hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia HyperGLUC
72
Diuretic that acts on CCD
Spironolactone
73
Side effects of spironolactone
Gynecomastia, hyperkalemia
74
Tx of increased ICP, rhabdomyolysis | contraindicated in HF
Mannitol
75
Where does mannitol act on the nephron?
It acts on the PCT, DCT, CCD
76
Adverse effects of loop diuretics
OH DANG | Ototoxcity, hypokalemia, dehydration, allergy to sulfa, nephritis, gout
77
Drugs that cause gynecomastia
Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers Spironolactone, digoxin, cimetidine, alcohol, ketoconazole
78
Causes of HAGMA
MUDPILES | methanol, uremia, DKA, paraldehyde, INH, lactic acidosis, ethanol, salicylates
79
Causes of NAGMA
HARD UP | hyperalimentation, acetazolamoide, RTA, diarrhea, ureteral diversion, pancreatic fistula
80
K sparing diuretics
K- STAEs Spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride, eplerenone

Pathology (2 decks)

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