Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Renal II pharm > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

acetazolamide

A

CA inhibitor
MOA: inhibits CA in PCT
Cause: diuresis, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia
**RARELY used as antiHTN
Uses: glaucoma, altitude sickness, metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

brinzolamide

A

CA inhibitor, TOPICAL
MOA: inhibits CA in PCT
Cause: diuresis, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia
**RARELY used as antiHTN
Uses: glaucoma, altitude sickness, metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

dorzolamide

A

CA inhibitor, TOPICAL
MOA: inhibits CA in PCT
Cause: diuresis, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia
**RARELY used as antiHTN
Uses: glaucoma, altitude sickness, metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

methazolamide

A

CA inhibitor
MOA: inhibits CA
Cause: diuresis, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia
**RARELY used as antiHTN
Uses: glaucoma, altitude sickness, metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

bumetanide

A

loop diuretic, SULFA
MOA: inhibit NKCC2 in TAL
Causes: diuresis, hyponatermia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesia, hypokalemia
Uses: edema, heart failure, HTN, ARF, anion overdose, hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ethacrynic acid

A

loop diuretic, NON-SULFA
MOA: inhibit NKCC2 in TAL
Causes: diuresis, hyponatermia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesia, hypokalemia
Uses: edema, heart failure, HTN, ARF, anion overdose, hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

furosemide

A

loop diuretic, SULFA
MOA: inhibit NKCC2 in TAL
Causes: diuresis, hyponatermia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesia, hypokalemia
Uses: edema, heart failure, HTN, ARF, anion overdose, hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bendroflumethiazide

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

chlorothiazide

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chlorthalidone

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption,hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hydroflumethiazide

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

indapamide

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption,hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

methylclothiazide

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

metolazone

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

polythiazide

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

trichlormethiazide

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

eperenone

A

K sparing diuretic
mineralocorticoid antagonist, GREATER SELECTIVITY
MOA: block aldosterone nuclear receptor
**cross reacts w/ androgen receptor –> antiandrogenic effects
Uses: hyperaldosteronism, antiandrogenic uses, combo w/ K wasting diuretics
**does NOT need to access luminal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

spironolactone

A

K sparing diuretic
mineralocorticoid antagonist
MOA: block aldosterone nuclear receptor
**cross reacts w/ androgen receptor –> antiandrogenic effects
Uses: hyperaldosteronism, antiandrogenic uses, combo w/ K wasting diuretics
**does NOT need to access luminal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

amiloride

A

ENaC inhibitor

Uses: combo w/ K wasting diuretics, Li induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

triamterene

A

ENaC inhibitor
Uses: combo w/ K wasting diuretics, Li induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
shorter half life than amiloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

mannitol

A

osmotic diuretic
MOA: inc osmotic pressure of filtrate –> inhibits tubular reabsorb
Uses: rapid excretion of toxins, reduction of intracranial/intraoccular press

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

isosorbide

A

osmotic diuretic
MOA: inc osmotic pressure of filtrate –> inhibits tubular reabsorb
Uses: rapid excretion of toxins, reduction of intracranial/intraoccular press

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

conivaptan

A

ADH antagonist
admin parenterally
MOA: V1 and V2 antagonist in CCT
Uses: SIADH, heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
tolvaptan
ADH antagonist admin orally MOA: V2 antagonist in CCT Uses: SIADH, heart failure
26
amlodipine
CCB, DHP MOA: arteriolar vasodilation --> dec TPR Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina
27
clevidipine
CCB, DHP MOA: arteriolar vasodilation --> dec TPR Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina
28
felodipine
CCB, DHP MOA: arteriolar vasodilation --> dec TPR Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina
29
isradipine
CCB, DHP MOA: arteriolar vasodilation --> dec TPR Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina
30
nicardipine
CCB, DHP MOA: arteriolar vasodilation --> dec TPR Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina
31
nifedipine
CCB, DHP MOA: arteriolar vasodilation --> dec TPR Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina
32
nisoldipine
CCB, DHP MOA: arteriolar vasodilation --> dec TPR Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina
33
diltiazem
CCB, non-DHP MOA: neg inotropic effect, arteriolar vasodilation --> dec TPR Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina ** do NOT use w/ beta blockers
34
verapamil
CCB, non-DHP MOA: neg inotropic effect, arteriolar vasodilation --> dec TPR Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina ** do NOT use w/ beta blockers
35
diazoxide
K channel opener Causes: arteriolar vasodilation not used due to adverse effects
36
minoxidil
K channel opener Rogaine Causes: arteriolar dilation --> severe HTN, baldness Adverse: HA, sweating, hypertrichosis, reflex tachycardia/edema (MUST be used w/ beta blockers and diuretic)
37
fendoldopam
``` dopamine agonist Causes: inc RBF Uses: HTN emergencies, post-op HTN Adverse: tachycardia, HA, flushing **do NOT use in glaucoma pts ```
38
hydralazine
NO modulator MOA: dilates art not veins --> releases NO Uses: HTN in preg, HF, HTN emergencies
39
nitroprusside
NO modulator MOA: dilates BOTH art and veins --> dec TPR Adverse: cyanide posioning
40
isosorbide dinitrate
NO modulator MOA: dilates BOTH art and veins --> dec TPR Adverse: ortho hypotension, syncope, HA
41
nitroglycerin
NO modulator MOA: dilates BOTH art and veins --> dec TPR Adverse: ortho hypotension, syncope, HA
42
benazepril
ACE inhibitor MOA: inhibit ANG1-->ANG2 and bradykinin degradation Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF **do NOT use is pregnancy **good for young active HTN pt
43
captopril
ACE inhibitor MOA: inhibit ANG1-->ANG2 and bradykinin degradation Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF **do NOT use is pregnancy **good for young active HTN pt
44
enalapril
ACE inhibitor MOA: inhibit ANG1-->ANG2 and bradykinin degradation Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF **do NOT use is pregnancy **good for young active HTN pt
45
enalaprilat
ACE inhibitor, IV MOA: inhibit ANG1-->ANG2 and bradykinin degradation Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF **do NOT use is pregnancy **good for young active HTN pt
46
fosinopril
ACE inhibitor MOA: inhibit ANG1-->ANG2 and bradykinin degradation Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF **do NOT use is pregnancy **good for young active HTN pt
47
lisinopril
ACE inhibitor MOA: inhibit ANG1-->ANG2 and bradykinin degradation Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF **do NOT use is pregnancy **good for young active HTN pt
48
moexipril
ACE inhibitor MOA: inhibit ANG1-->ANG2 and bradykinin degradation Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF **do NOT use is pregnancy **good for young active HTN pt
49
perindopril
ACE inhibitor MOA: inhibit ANG1-->ANG2 and bradykinin degradation Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF **do NOT use is pregnancy **good for young active HTN pt
50
quinapril
ACE inhibitor MOA: inhibit ANG1-->ANG2 and bradykinin degradation Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF **do NOT use is pregnancy **good for young active HTN pt
51
ramipril
ACE inhibitor MOA: inhibit ANG1-->ANG2 and bradykinin degradation Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF **do NOT use is pregnancy **good for young active HTN pt
52
trandolapril
ACE inhibitor MOA: inhibit ANG1-->ANG2 and bradykinin degradation Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF **do NOT use is pregnancy **good for young active HTN pt
53
azilsartan
ARB Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events **do NOT use during pregnancy
54
candesartan
ARB Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events **do NOT use during pregnancy
55
eprosartan
ARB Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events **do NOT use during pregnancy
56
irbesartan
ARB Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events **do NOT use during pregnancy
57
losartan
ARB Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events **do NOT use during pregnancy
58
olmesartan
ARB Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events **do NOT use during pregnancy
59
telmisartan
ARB Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events **do NOT use during pregnancy
60
valsartan
ARB Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events **do NOT use during pregnancy
61
Clonidine
centrally acting A2 agonist Causes: reduced sympathetic outflow --> dec BP **abrupt withdrawl can lead to rebound HTN due to extremely high levels of NE in system
62
propranolol
non-sel B blocker | Causes: dec HR, dec renin release
63
aliskiren
renin inhibitor | **do NOT use in pregnancy
64
acebutolol
beta 1 blocker Cause: dec HR, dec renin release Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma
65
atenolol
beta 1 blocker Cause: dec HR, dec renin release Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma
66
betaxolol
beta 1 blocker Cause: dec HR, dec renin release Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma
67
bisoprolol
beta 1 blocker Cause: dec HR, dec renin release Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma
68
carteolol
beta blocker Cause: dec HR, bronchoconstriction, dec renin release Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma
69
carvedilol
non-sel beta blocker, alpha 1 blocker Cause: dec HR, bronchoconstriction, dec renin release, vasodilation Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma
70
esmolol
beta 1 blocker Cause: dec HR, dec renin release Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma
71
labetalol
non-sel beta blocker, alpha 1 blocker, B2 agonist Cause: dec HR, bronchodilation, dec renin release, vasodilation Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias Uses: IV for severe HTN, HTN during pregnancy
72
metoprolol
beta 1 blocker Cause: dec HR, dec renin release Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma
73
nadolol
beta blocker Cause: dec HR, bronchoconstriction, dec renin release Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma
74
nebivolol
beta 1 blocker, B3 agonist Cause: dec HR, dec renin release Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma
75
penbutolol
beta blocker Cause: dec HR, bronchoconstriction, dec renin release Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma
76
pindolol
beta blocker Cause: dec HR, bronchoconstriction, dec renin release Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma
77
timolol
beta blocker Cause: dec HR, bronchoconstriction, dec renin release Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma
78
doxazosin
A1 blocker
79
prazosin
A1 blocker | primarily used for men w/ HTN and BPH
80
terazosin
A1 blocker
81
guanabenz
centrally acting A2 agonist
82
guanfacine
centrally acting A2 agonist
83
methyldopa
centrally acting A2 agonist | PREGNANCY
84
What drugs (2) are most effective for acute management of severe HTN in a pregnant woman?
labetalol (IV) | hydralazine
85
What drug is most effective for long term oral therapy in a pregnant woman?
methyldopa
86
What drug classes should you absolutely NOT use in a pregnant women w/ HTN?
ACE inhibitors (fetal renal/cardiac probs) ARBs (fetal renal/cardiac probs) direct renin inhibitors (fetal renal/cardiac probs) nitroprusside (fetal cyanide posioning w/in hrs)
87
What is the most effective drug in HTN emergencies?
sodium nitroprusside
88
What drugs would you give pre-op for removal of a pheochromocytoma?
1. phentolamine (A blocker) | 2. esmolol (B blocker)
89
What drug classes are most effective in black pts w/ HTN?
thiazide diuretics | CCBs
90
Why does the diuretic effect of CA inhibitors dec after several days?
HCO3 depletion leads to enhanced NaCl reabsorption by the rest of the nephron
91
What class of drugs can cause dose related ototoxicity?
CAIs
92
Which is the longest acting thiazide diuretic (longest half life)?
chlorthalidone | it is also the only thiazide given parenterally
93
what are some common diuretic combos?
loop + thiazide | K sparing + loop/thiazide
94
Which diuretics are usually used to tx HTN?
thiazide
95
Which diuretics are usually used to tx nephrolithiasis?
thiazide b/c they enhance Ca reabsorption
96
Which diuretics are usually used to tx hypercalcemia?
loop b/c they reduce Ca reabsorption
97
Which diuretics are usually used to tx polydipsia/polyuria?
thiazide

Renal II pharm (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions