Pharmacology Flashcards
Ketorolac
Primary Use: Analgesic + Fever Reducer
S/Sx:
-
Furosemide
Primary Use: Diuretic - Fluid Loss
S/Sx:
- May lead to nephrotoxicity
- Hypotension
- Hypokalemia
Statins
“-statins”
Manages high cholesterol, decreases risk of CV events
Affects prod of cholesterol in liver, lowers LDL
S/Sx: STAT
- Sore Muscles
- Toxic Liver
- Avoid Grapefruit
- Take at night (dinner/bed time)
Adenosine
1st line drug for supraventricular tachycardia
Can stop heart all together
A-down-asine (brings HR DOWN)
First dose of 6mg should be IV pushed under 3 seconds
EstradioL & Progesterone
Suppresses ovulation, makes it difficult for sperm to reach uterine lining
S/Sx: Nausea, Breast tenderness, BTB
Use backup contraceptives in first week/missed pill
Terbutaline
Bronchodilator, used to suppress contractions for pre-term labor by smoothening uterine muscles
Terbutaline = Wait in line!
Monitor HR, BP, FHR -> causes tachycardia in mom, should not be used with cardiac history
Stimulants
Methylphendidate, Amphetamine, Dextramphetamine (Adderall)
Improves ADHD symptoms + low self-esteem & social skills
S/Sx:
- Loss of appetite + weight
- Loss of sleep, restlessness
Last dose NO later than 6 PM
Muscle Relaxants
Decrease muscle spasms after surgery on open, fractures, also used for MS, spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy
CycloBENzaprine (CycloBACKzzaprine)
Carisopradol
Dantrolene
S/Sx:
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
Given with meals?
Benzodiazepines
“-pam” & “-lam”
Used for txt of seizures and anxiety
Increases GABA to lessen neuron activity
S/Sx: Low AND slow vital signs + brain
- Sedation & physical dependence
- PRN for anxiety and before bed
Provides bridge to other txt (CBT)
Osteoporosis Txt
OsteoPORosis (brittle bones)
- Likely to fracture d/t low bone mass
Txt: Calcium Carbonate
- Provides mineral for bone strength/density
Txt: Biphosphonates
“-dronate”
Inhibits bone reabsorption
Should be given on an empty stomach before any foods/meds
Upright for 30 min after taking to maximize absorption
S/Sx: GI discomfort + osteonecrosis of the jaw
TNF Inhibitors
Block TNF, a protein involved in inflammatory response
- Rheumatoid arthritis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Etanercept, Adalimumabm Infliximab
Implications:
- Increased risk of infection d/t immune suppressing
- SubQ injection teaching
S/Sx:
- Inj site reactions
- Headaches
Vincristine
Chemotherapeutic agent for various cancers
- Leukemia, lymphoma, certain solid tumors
- Affect ability of CAN cells to divide/grow
S/Sx (during infusion):
- Neuropathy
- Constipation
- Bone Marrow Suppression
Teach:
- Wear loose-fitting shoes (help neuropathy)
- Avoid extreme temps (no hot baths)
- Stay hydrated
- Stool softeners
- Blood testing (WBC, RBC, & platelets to monitor levels d/t bone marrow suppression)
Lactulose
Treatment of constipation AND hepatic encephalopathy
- Cloudy brain w/ liver disease d/t increased ammonia in blood
Draws water into stool in colon AND promotes BMs
Lacto-LOSE
- Lose Ammonia via Loose bowels
Implications:
- Gradually increase dosage until 2-3 soft BM a day
S/Sx: Abdominal Cramping, Flatulence, Diarrhea
- Dietary Adjustments may also be needed
Sodium Polystyene Sulfonate
Kayexalate, treats hyperkalemia
Slow treatment
Exchanges Na+ for K+ in intestine -> stool
S/Sx: Constipation, N/V, hypokalemia if not managed
Implications:
- Stay hydrated
- Not rapid txt (use insulin + D5W)
- Limit K+ rich foods
Atypical Antipsychotics
Olanzapine, Clozapine, Risperidone
Treatment for psychosis, bipolar, depression
More likely to cause weight gain + diabetes
- Lower tardive dyskinesia risk
Implications: Maintain a balanced diet + exercise
Can potentially cause Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
