Pharmacology

Question 1

What is autocoid

Answer 1

They are the biological substance produced by the body that act like hormone but have local effect so it’s also known as local hormones

Question 2

Examples of autocoid

Answer 2

Histamine
Serotonin
Prostaglandin
Leukotrienes
Bradykinin
PAF(platelet activating factor)

Question 3

What are eicosanoids

Answer 3

Eicosanoids are derived from arachnoid acid of phospholipid and they induce the prostaglandin,thromboxane, leukotrienes and PAF

Question 4

What are side chains?

Answer 4

Side chains are functional groups attached to the main structure of a molecule.

Question 5

What is the significance of right angles in molecular structure?

Answer 5

Right angles in molecular structure can influence the shape and function of the molecule.

Question 6

What is Arachidonic Acid?

Answer 6

Arachidonic Acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid involved in the biosynthesis of various signaling molecules.

Question 7

What are prostaglandins (PGs)?

Answer 7

Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that perform various functions in the body, including inflammation and pain modulation.

Question 8

What are leukotrienes (LTs)?

Answer 8

Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid that play a role in immune responses.

Question 9

What is the role of Cyclooxygenase?

Answer 9

Cyclooxygenase is an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins.

Question 10

What is Thromboxane?

Answer 10

Thromboxane is a type of prostaglandin that promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.

Question 11

What is the function of Phospholipase A?

Answer 11

Phospholipase A is an enzyme that releases arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids.

Question 12

What are unstable compounds in the context of eicosanoids?

Answer 12

Unstable compounds are intermediates in the biosynthesis of eicosanoids that can rapidly degrade.

Question 13

What triggers the activation of eicosanoid synthesis?

Answer 13

Chemical and mechanical stimuli can trigger the activation of eicosanoid synthesis.

Question 14

What is the significance of 5-HPETE?

Answer 14

5-HPETE is a hydroperoxy derivative of arachidonic acid that is a precursor to leukotrienes.

Question 15

What does SRS-A stand for?

Answer 15

SRS-A stands for Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis, which is a group of leukotrienes.

Question 16

What are side chains?

Answer 16

Side chains are functional groups attached to the main structure of a molecule.

Question 17

What is the significance of right angles in molecular structure?

Answer 17

Right angles in molecular structure can influence the shape and function of the molecule.

Question 18

What is Arachidonic Acid?

Answer 18

Arachidonic Acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid involved in the biosynthesis of various signaling molecules.

Question 19

What are prostaglandins (PGs)?

Answer 19

Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that perform various functions in the body, including inflammation and pain modulation.

Question 20

What are leukotrienes (LTs)?

Answer 20

Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid that play a role in immune responses.

Question 21

What is the role of Cyclooxygenase?

Answer 21

Cyclooxygenase is an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins.

Question 22

What is Thromboxane?

Answer 22

Thromboxane is a type of prostaglandin that promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.

Question 23

What is the function of Phospholipase A?

Answer 23

Phospholipase A is an enzyme that releases arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids.

Question 24

What are unstable compounds in the context of eicosanoids?

Answer 24

Unstable compounds are intermediates in the biosynthesis of eicosanoids that can rapidly degrade.

Question 25

What triggers the activation of eicosanoid synthesis?

Answer 25

Chemical and mechanical stimuli can trigger the activation of eicosanoid synthesis.

Question 26

What is the significance of 5-HPETE?

Answer 26

5-HPETE is a hydroperoxy derivative of arachidonic acid that is a precursor to leukotrienes.

Question 27

What does SRS-A stand for?

Answer 27

SRS-A stands for Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis, which is a group of leukotrienes.

Question 28

What determines further course in a particular tissue?

Answer 28

The type of isomerases or other enzymes present in it

Question 29

What are the primary prostaglandins mentioned?

Answer 29

PGE and PGF

Question 30

What does the 'a' in PGF, refer to?

Answer 30

The orientation of OH group on the ring

Question 31

Which organs can synthesize the whole range of COX products?

Answer 31

Lung and spleen

Question 32

What do platelets primarily synthesize?

Answer 32

TXA2

Question 33

What does TXA2 spontaneously change to?

Answer 33

TXB2

Question 34

What does the endothelium mainly generate?

Answer 34

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Question 35

What is the chemical stability of prostacyclin (PGI2)?

Answer 35

Chemically unstable and rapidly converts to 6-keto PGF1α

Question 36

How many isoforms of cyclooxygenase exist?

Answer 36

Two: COX-1 and COX-2

Question 37

What characterizes COX-1?

Answer 37

It is a constitutive enzyme expressed by most cells and active in the basal state

Question 38

What induces COX-2?

Answer 38

Cytokines, growth factors, and other stimuli during the inflammatory response

Question 39

What role do eicosanoids produced by COX-1 play?

Answer 39

Participate in physiological functions such as secretion of mucus, hemostasis, and maintenance of renal function

Question 40

What pathological changes are associated with COX-2?

Answer 40

Lead to inflammatory and other pathological changes

Question 41

In which sites is COX-2 constitutively expressed?

Answer 41

Kidney, brain, and the fetus

Question 42

What is COX-3?

Answer 42

A splice variant of COX-1 found in the dog brain

Question 43

What inhibits COX-3?

Answer 43

Paracetamol

Question 44

What is COX-3 implicated in?

Answer 44

The genesis of fever

Question 45

What is known about the role of COX-3 in humans?

Answer 45

The exact role in humans is not known