Pharmacology Flashcards
What are HAM side effects?
(antiHistamine—sedation, weight gain; antiAdrenergic—
hypotension; antiMuscarinic (anticholinergic)—dry mouth, blurred vision,
urinary retention, constipation, exacerbation of neurocognitive disorders
(i.e., dementias).
■ Found in tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and low-potency antipsychotics.
■ Associated with increased risk of falls and delirium in elderly patients.
Symptoms of serotonin syndrome
Confusion, lushing, diaphoresis, tremor, myoclonic
jerks, hyperthermia, hypertonicity, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and death.
What can lead to a Hypertensive crisis
Caused by a buildup of stored catecholamines (norepi-
nephrine); triggered by the combination of MAOIs with tyramine-rich foods
(e.g., red wine, cheese, chicken liver, cured meats) or with sympathomimet-
ics. Treated with IV phentolamine or sublingual nifedipine.
Examples of EPS
Parkinsonism—mask-like face, cog-
wheel rigidity, bradykinesia, pill-rolling tremor; akathisia—restlessness,
need to move, and agitation; dystonia—sustained, painful contraction of
muscles of neck, tongue, eyes, diaphragm.
What do you give to treat akathisaia?
beta blockers like propranolol
What can you give to treat all EPS?
Benztropine (Cogentin)
Occurs with high-potency, typical (irst generation)
antipsychotics and risperidone.
Hyperprolactinemia
Choreoathetoid (involuntary, irregular, and
repetitive) muscle movements, usually of the mouth and tongue (can afect
extremities, as well).
Tardive Dyskinesia
Is TD reversible
usually irreversible
Mental status changes, fever, tachycar-
dia, hypertension, tremor, hyporelexia, elevated creatine phosphokinase
(CPK), “lead pipe” rigidity.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
How do you treat NMS
dantroline, bromocriptine,
Common CYP450 Inducers
Tobacco
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates
St. Johns wort
Common Inhibitors
Fluoxetine
Fluvoxamine
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Duloxetine
What does metabolic syndrome include:
includes weight gain, hyperlipidemia,
hyperglycemia, and hypertension that are associated with increased cardio-
vascular morbidity and mortality.
Those at risk for metabolic syndrome should be monitored for _______
weight checks or BMI, fasting lipid proile, A1C or
fasting glucose, and vital signs
