Pharmacology

Question 1

What is the role of Beta 1 adrenoceptors?

Answer 1

Beta 1 adrenoceptors (ADRB1) increase heart rate and force when activated. This increases stroke volume and cardiac output

Beta 1 agonists: Dobutamine, Denopamine, Dopamine, Epinephrine (non selective), Isoproterenol (non selective)

Beta 1 antagonists: Atenolol, Metoprolol, Bisoprolol

Question 2

Is isoproterenol a beta 1 or beta 2 agonist?

Answer 2

Both. Isoproterenol is a non-selective beta agonist which stimulates both receptors.

Beta-1 stimulation: Increases heart rate and cardiac output.

Beta-2 stimulation: Causes bronchodilation and vasodilation.

Question 3

What is the action of Glyceryl Trinitrate?

Answer 3

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is often used to relieve angina by dilating blood vessels, thereby improving blood flow to the heart.

GTN is converted into nitric oxide in the body, which relaxes and widens blood vessels. By dilating veins, GTN decreases the volume of blood returning to the heart (preload), and by dilating arteries, it reduces the resistance the heart must pump against (afterload). Both actions decrease the heart’s oxygen demand.

Question 4

What is the action of Glyceryl Trinitrate?

Answer 4

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is often used to relieve angina by dilating blood vessels, thereby improving blood flow to the heart.

GTN is converted into nitric oxide in the body, which relaxes and widens blood vessels. By dilating veins, GTN decreases the volume of blood returning to the heart (preload), and by dilating arteries, it reduces the resistance the heart must pump against (afterload). Both actions decrease the heart’s oxygen demand.

Question 5

What is the action of Glyceryl Trinitrate?

Answer 5

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is often used to relieve angina by dilating blood vessels, thereby improving blood flow to the heart.

GTN is converted into nitric oxide in the body, which relaxes and widens blood vessels. By dilating veins, GTN decreases the volume of blood returning to the heart (preload), and by dilating arteries, it reduces the resistance the heart must pump against (afterload). Both actions decrease the heart’s oxygen demand.