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NEET PG > PHARMACOLOGY > Flashcards

PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Drug better absorbed from

A

Small Intestine

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2
Q

Acidic Drug better absorbed from

A

Stomach
Eg Aspirin

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3
Q

Aspirin poisoning

A

forced alkalisation by Sodium bicarbonate or Acetazolamide

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4
Q

Morphine poisoning

A

Forced acidification by Ascorbic acid or Ammonium chloride
Antidote IV NALOXONE (DOC) and oral NALTREXONE

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5
Q

Henderson Hesselbach Equation

A

pka=ph + log ionised A/unionised A

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6
Q

p-gp inhibitors

A

Verapamil
Amiodarone
Cyclosporine
Itraconazole
Nifedipine
Erythromycin
Quinidine

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7
Q

p-gp inducers

A

Rifampicin
St. John’s wort
phenytoin
Carbemazepine

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8
Q

Bioequivalent

A

Same drug, same dose, same conte with <20% difference in BA

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9
Q

No role for hemodialysis

A

Amphetamine
Verapamil
Opioids
Imipramine (TCA)
Digoxin
Diazepam-Strong plasma binding protein
AVOID DIALYSIS AVOID-Large Vd drugs

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10
Q

Vd

A

Vd=Total dose / plasma concentration

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11
Q

Loading dose

A

Loading Dose= Vd x Target plasma concentration

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12
Q

Half life

A

0.693 X Vd / CL

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13
Q

Clearance

A

Rate of Elimination / plasma Concentration

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14
Q

maintenence dose

A

Maintanence dose = CL X target plasma concentration

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15
Q

Acidic Drugs bind to

A

Albumin

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16
Q

Acidic Drugs bind to

A

Albumin

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17
Q

Acidic Drugs bind to

A

Albumin

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18
Q

Basic drug bind to

A

Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein

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19
Q

Salicylate displace

A

TOLBUTAMIDE
WARFARIN

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20
Q

Aspirin displace

A

Thyroid hormone

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21
Q

Aspirin displace

A

Thyroid hormone

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22
Q

Sulphonamide displace

A

Bilirubin so Kernicterus in newborns.

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23
Q

Blood brain barrier absent in

A

pituitary
Pineal
CTZ
Median Eminence

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24
Q

Blood brain barrier absent in

A

pituitary
Pineal
CTZ
Median Eminence

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25
Q

Drugs that do not cross BBB

A

Streptomycin-cross placenta
Neostigmine
Glycopyrrolate- anticholinergic
Dopamine

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26
Q

Ultrashort acting barbiturate in Induction of GA

A

Thiopentone Sodium

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27
Q

Ultrashort acting barbiturate in Induction of GA

A

Thiopentone Sodium

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28
Q

Ultrashort acting barbiturate in Induction of GA

A

Thiopentone Sodium

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29
Q

Active metabolite of Diazepam

A

Oxazepam

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30
Q

Active metabolite of Spironolactone

A

Canrenone

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31
Q

Primidone active metabolite

A

Phenobarbitone

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32
Q

Primidone active metabolite

A

Phenobarbitone

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33
Q

Phenecitin active Metabolite

A

Paracetamol

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34
Q

Phenecitin active Metabolite

A

Paracetamol

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35
Q

Inactive drugs

A

Levodopa-Dopamine
Minoxidil - Minoxidil sulphate
Enalapril- Enalaprilat
Dipivefrine-Epinephrine
Methyl DOPA-Methyl Norepinephrine

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36
Q

Inactive drugs

A

Levodopa-Dopamine
Minoxidil - Minoxidil sulphate
Enalapril- Enalaprilat
Dipivefrine-Epinephrine
Methyl DOPA-Methyl Norepinephrine

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37
Q

ALE I which are not prodrugs

A

Captopril & Lisinopril

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38
Q

most common phase I reaction

A

Oxidation

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39
Q

Most common phase II Reaction

A

Glucoronidation

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40
Q

Most common phase II Reaction

A

Glucoronidation

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41
Q

PCM intermediate

A

NAPQI-highly hepatotoxic

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42
Q

PCM intermediate

A

NAPQI-highly hepatotoxic

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43
Q

microsomal enzyme of PCM

A

CYP2E1

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44
Q

microsomal enzyme of PCM

45
Q

Acetylation Drugs

A

Sulfonamide
Hydralazine
Isoniazide
Procainamid

46
Q

Acetylation Drugs

A

Sulfonamide
Hydralazine
Isoniazide
Procainamid

47
Q

INH metabolic enzyme

A

NAT-2 forms DiAcetyl Hydralazine (nontoxic)
Aceful Hydrazine-hepatotoxic metabolite

48
Q

INH metabolic enzyme

A

NAT-2 forms DiAcetyl Hydralazine (nontoxic)
Aceful Hydrazine-hepatotoxic metabolite

49
Q

Methylation Drugs

A

Histamine->Methy histamine
Nor adrenaline->Adrenaline

50
Q

Codeine ->Morphine

A

CYP2D6.
Fluoxetine-inhibits
Tamoxifen-activates

51
Q

CYP2C9

A

Warfarin
Phenytoin
Losartan

52
Q

CYP2C9

A

Warfarin
Phenytoin
Losartan

53
Q

Cyp1A2

A

Activates procarcinogen
Metabolite of Theophylline

54
Q

Cyp1A2

A

Activates procarcinogen
Metabolite of Theophylline

55
Q

CYP2C19

A

PPI
Omeprazole-excess activation
Not used with Clopidogrel (prodrug activated by CYP2C19

56
Q

Microsomal enzyme inducers

A

Griseofulvin
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
Smoking, St. John’s Wort
Carbemezapine
Phenobarbitone
GPRS Cell Phone

57
Q

Microsomal enzyme inducers

A

Griseofulvin
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
Smoking, St. John’s Wort
Carbemezapine
Phenobarbitone
GPRS Cell Phone

58
Q

Microsomal enzyme Inhibitors

A

Valproate
Ketoconazole
Cimetidine
Ciprofloxacin
Erythromycin
INH
Vit K Can Cause Enzyme Inhibition

59
Q

Hoffman’s Elimination Eg

A

ATRACURIUM
Metabolite-LAUDANOSINE-seizures.

60
Q

Hoffman’s Elimination Eg

A

ATRACURIUM
Metabolite-LAUDANOSINE-seizures.

61
Q

High 1st pass metabolism

A

Propranolol
Salbutamol
Theophylline
Verapamil
Lignocaine
Nitrates except IMN

62
Q

Zero order kinetics

A

Warfarin
Alcohol
Aspirin
Tolbutamide
Theophylline
Phenytoin
WAATT Power

63
Q

Ligand gated receptors

A

Nm-Na, ca
GABA A - CI
NMDA, AMPA-Na, Ca
5HT3_Na

64
Q

Ligand gated receptors

A

Nm-Na, ca
GABA A - CI
NMDA, AMPA-Na, Ca
5HT3_Na

65
Q

Muscarinic receptors.

A

M2 and M4-Gi
M1, M3, M5- Gq

66
Q

Muscarinic receptors.

A

M2 and M4-Gi
M1, M3, M5- Gq

67
Q

cAMP GPCR

A

beta-Gs
Alpha-2-Gi

68
Q

cAMP GPCR

A

beta-Gs
Alpha-2-Gi

69
Q

PLC-IP3+ DAG

A

Alpha1- Gq

70
Q

PLC-IP3+ DAG

A

Alpha1- Gq

71
Q

ENZYME LINKED Receptors

A

Insulin-Tyrosine kinase
GH, PRL, Erythropoietin- JAK

72
Q

Cytoplasmic receptors

A

Steroid hormones
Vit D
Estrogen
Progesteron
Testosterone

73
Q

Cytoplasmic receptors

A

Steroid hormones
Vit D
Estrogen
Progesteron
Testosterone

74
Q

Nuclear receptor

A

Thyroid hormone

75
Q

Inverse agonist of BZD receptor

A

Beta carboline

76
Q

Inverse agonist of BZD receptor

A

Beta carboline

77
Q

Inverse agonist of H3 receptor

A

PITOLISANT

78
Q

Inverse agonist of H3 receptor

A

PITOLISANT

79
Q

Inverse agonist of Cannabinoid receptor

A

RIMONABANT
used for smoking control & obesity
ADR-Severe psychiatric problem- withdrawn

80
Q

Inverse agonist of Cannabinoid receptor

A

RIMONABANT
used for smoking control & obesity
ADR-Severe psychiatric problem- withdrawn

81
Q

Inverse agonist of Cannabinoid receptor

A

RIMONABANT
used for smoking control & obesity
ADR-Severe psychiatric problem- withdrawn

82
Q

Physiological Antagonist of Histamine

A

Adrenaline

83
Q

Tachyphylaxis means

A

Rapid tolerance
Eg: Thyramine, Ephedrine

84
Q

Tachyphylaxis means

A

Rapid tolerance
Eg: Thyramine, Ephedrine

85
Q

ADR types

A

Type A- Augmented Reactions
Type B- Bizarre reactions
Type C- Chronic reactions
Type D - Delayed Reactions
Type E- End of Dose reactions
Type F- Failure of Action

86
Q

phocomelia by Thalidomide is due to

A

VGFR antagonism

87
Q

Warfarin teratogenicity

A

Fetal Chondrodysplasia punctata
Contradi Syndrome
Nasal hypoplasia

88
Q

Lithium teratogenicity

A

Ebstein’s anomaly - Box shaped heart
Tricuspid Atresia
Floppy baby syndrome
Fetal goitre

89
Q

Lithium teratogenicity

A

Ebstein’s anomaly - Box shaped heart
Tricuspid Atresia
Floppy baby syndrome
Fetal goitre

90
Q

Most teratogenic antiepileptic

A

Sodium Valproate

91
Q

Most teratogenic antiepileptic

A

Sodium Valproate

92
Q

Fetal alcoholic syndrome

A

Microcephaly
Maxillofacial abnormalities
Movement hyperkinetic
Mental retardation
Myocardial problem (VSD, ASD)

93
Q

Fetal alcoholic syndrome

A

Microcephaly
Maxillofacial abnormalities
Movement hyperkinetic
Mental retardation
Myocardial problem (VSD, ASD)

94
Q

FAS caused by

A

Thio amide
Methimazole
Carbimazole
Propyl thiouracil
PTV relatively sage

95
Q

FAS caused by

A

Thio amide
Methimazole
Carbimazole
Propyl thiouracil
PTV relatively sage

96
Q

Tetracycline teratogenicity

A

Discoloration of teeth
Depressed bone growth

Mother- Hepatotoxic

97
Q

Tetracycline teratogenicity

A

Discoloration of teeth
Depressed bone growth

Mother- Hepatotoxic

98
Q

Medical closure of PDA

A

Indomethain
Ibuprofen
PCM

99
Q

Indomethacin teratogenicity

A

Premature closure of ductus arteriosus

100
Q

Indomethacin teratogenicity

A

Premature closure of ductus arteriosus

101
Q

Misoprostol teratogen

A

Moebius syndrome (6 and 7 CN AbN)

102
Q

DES teratogen

A

Female vaginal ca
male-hypospadiasis

103
Q

Nn ganglionic blockers

A

Hexamethonium
Trimethaphan
Mecamylamine- smoking control

104
Q

MAb against beta amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease

A

Adalumab
Lecanemab
Donanemab

105
Q

Oximes for OPC poisoning

A

PRALIDOXIME
OBIDOXIME
DIACETYL MONO OXIME (CNS)

106
Q

M3 antagonist for intestine and urinary bladder

A

Darifenacin
Solifenacin

107
Q

M3 antagonist for intestine and urinary bladder

A

Darifenacin
Solifenacin

108
Q

Vesicoselective anticholinergics

A

OXYBUTYNIN
FLAVOXATE
TOLTERODINE
FESOTERODINE
TROSPIUM CHLORIDE (in Alzheimer’s patients)

109
Q

MYDRIATIC ANTICHOLNERGICS

A

Atropine- longest
Homatropine
Cyclopentolate
Tropicamide (MC) Shortest and fastest

NEET PG (1 decks)

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