PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards
1
Q
Basic Drug better absorbed from
A
Small Intestine
2
Q
Acidic Drug better absorbed from
A
Stomach
Eg Aspirin
3
Q
Aspirin poisoning
A
forced alkalisation by Sodium bicarbonate or Acetazolamide
4
Q
Morphine poisoning
A
Forced acidification by Ascorbic acid or Ammonium chloride
Antidote IV NALOXONE (DOC) and oral NALTREXONE
5
Q
Henderson Hesselbach Equation
A
pka=ph + log ionised A/unionised A
6
Q
p-gp inhibitors
A
Verapamil
Amiodarone
Cyclosporine
Itraconazole
Nifedipine
Erythromycin
Quinidine
7
Q
p-gp inducers
A
Rifampicin
St. John’s wort
phenytoin
Carbemazepine
8
Q
Bioequivalent
A
Same drug, same dose, same conte with <20% difference in BA
9
Q
No role for hemodialysis
A
Amphetamine
Verapamil
Opioids
Imipramine (TCA)
Digoxin
Diazepam-Strong plasma binding protein
AVOID DIALYSIS AVOID-Large Vd drugs
10
Q
Vd
A
Vd=Total dose / plasma concentration
11
Q
Loading dose
A
Loading Dose= Vd x Target plasma concentration
12
Q
Half life
A
0.693 X Vd / CL
13
Q
Clearance
A
Rate of Elimination / plasma Concentration
14
Q
maintenence dose
A
Maintanence dose = CL X target plasma concentration
15
Q
Acidic Drugs bind to
A
Albumin
16
Q
Acidic Drugs bind to
A
Albumin
17
Q
Acidic Drugs bind to
A
Albumin
18
Q
Basic drug bind to
A
Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein
19
Q
Salicylate displace
A
TOLBUTAMIDE
WARFARIN
20
Q
Aspirin displace
A
Thyroid hormone
21
Q
Aspirin displace
A
Thyroid hormone
22
Q
Sulphonamide displace
A
Bilirubin so Kernicterus in newborns.
23
Q
Blood brain barrier absent in
A
pituitary
Pineal
CTZ
Median Eminence
24
Q
Blood brain barrier absent in
A
pituitary
Pineal
CTZ
Median Eminence
25
Drugs that do not cross BBB
Streptomycin-cross placenta
Neostigmine
Glycopyrrolate- anticholinergic
Dopamine
26
Ultrashort acting barbiturate in Induction of GA
Thiopentone Sodium
27
Ultrashort acting barbiturate in Induction of GA
Thiopentone Sodium
28
Ultrashort acting barbiturate in Induction of GA
Thiopentone Sodium
29
Active metabolite of Diazepam
Oxazepam
30
Active metabolite of Spironolactone
Canrenone
31
Primidone active metabolite
Phenobarbitone
32
Primidone active metabolite
Phenobarbitone
33
Phenecitin active Metabolite
Paracetamol
34
Phenecitin active Metabolite
Paracetamol
35
Inactive drugs
Levodopa-Dopamine
Minoxidil - Minoxidil sulphate
Enalapril- Enalaprilat
Dipivefrine-Epinephrine
Methyl DOPA-Methyl Norepinephrine
36
Inactive drugs
Levodopa-Dopamine
Minoxidil - Minoxidil sulphate
Enalapril- Enalaprilat
Dipivefrine-Epinephrine
Methyl DOPA-Methyl Norepinephrine
37
ALE I which are not prodrugs
Captopril & Lisinopril
38
most common phase I reaction
Oxidation
39
Most common phase II Reaction
Glucoronidation
40
Most common phase II Reaction
Glucoronidation
41
PCM intermediate
NAPQI-highly hepatotoxic
42
PCM intermediate
NAPQI-highly hepatotoxic
43
microsomal enzyme of PCM
CYP2E1
44
microsomal enzyme of PCM
CYP2E1
45
Acetylation Drugs
Sulfonamide
Hydralazine
Isoniazide
Procainamid
46
Acetylation Drugs
Sulfonamide
Hydralazine
Isoniazide
Procainamid
47
INH metabolic enzyme
NAT-2 forms DiAcetyl Hydralazine (nontoxic)
Aceful Hydrazine-hepatotoxic metabolite
48
INH metabolic enzyme
NAT-2 forms DiAcetyl Hydralazine (nontoxic)
Aceful Hydrazine-hepatotoxic metabolite
49
Methylation Drugs
Histamine->Methy histamine
Nor adrenaline->Adrenaline
50
Codeine ->Morphine
CYP2D6.
Fluoxetine-inhibits
Tamoxifen-activates
51
CYP2C9
Warfarin
Phenytoin
Losartan
52
CYP2C9
Warfarin
Phenytoin
Losartan
53
Cyp1A2
Activates procarcinogen
Metabolite of Theophylline
54
Cyp1A2
Activates procarcinogen
Metabolite of Theophylline
55
CYP2C19
PPI
Omeprazole-excess activation
Not used with Clopidogrel (prodrug activated by CYP2C19
56
Microsomal enzyme inducers
Griseofulvin
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
Smoking, St. John's Wort
Carbemezapine
Phenobarbitone
GPRS Cell Phone
57
Microsomal enzyme inducers
Griseofulvin
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
Smoking, St. John's Wort
Carbemezapine
Phenobarbitone
GPRS Cell Phone
58
Microsomal enzyme Inhibitors
Valproate
Ketoconazole
Cimetidine
Ciprofloxacin
Erythromycin
INH
Vit K Can Cause Enzyme Inhibition
59
Hoffman's Elimination Eg
ATRACURIUM
Metabolite-LAUDANOSINE-seizures.
60
Hoffman's Elimination Eg
ATRACURIUM
Metabolite-LAUDANOSINE-seizures.
61
High 1st pass metabolism
Propranolol
Salbutamol
Theophylline
Verapamil
Lignocaine
Nitrates except IMN
62
Zero order kinetics
Warfarin
Alcohol
Aspirin
Tolbutamide
Theophylline
Phenytoin
WAATT Power
63
Ligand gated receptors
Nm-Na, ca
GABA A - CI
NMDA, AMPA-Na, Ca
5HT3_Na
64
Ligand gated receptors
Nm-Na, ca
GABA A - CI
NMDA, AMPA-Na, Ca
5HT3_Na
65
Muscarinic receptors.
M2 and M4-Gi
M1, M3, M5- Gq
66
Muscarinic receptors.
M2 and M4-Gi
M1, M3, M5- Gq
67
cAMP GPCR
beta-Gs
Alpha-2-Gi
68
cAMP GPCR
beta-Gs
Alpha-2-Gi
69
PLC-IP3+ DAG
Alpha1- Gq
70
PLC-IP3+ DAG
Alpha1- Gq
71
ENZYME LINKED Receptors
Insulin-Tyrosine kinase
GH, PRL, Erythropoietin- JAK
72
Cytoplasmic receptors
Steroid hormones
Vit D
Estrogen
Progesteron
Testosterone
73
Cytoplasmic receptors
Steroid hormones
Vit D
Estrogen
Progesteron
Testosterone
74
Nuclear receptor
Thyroid hormone
75
Inverse agonist of BZD receptor
Beta carboline
76
Inverse agonist of BZD receptor
Beta carboline
77
Inverse agonist of H3 receptor
PITOLISANT
78
Inverse agonist of H3 receptor
PITOLISANT
79
Inverse agonist of Cannabinoid receptor
RIMONABANT
used for smoking control & obesity
ADR-Severe psychiatric problem- withdrawn
80
Inverse agonist of Cannabinoid receptor
RIMONABANT
used for smoking control & obesity
ADR-Severe psychiatric problem- withdrawn
81
Inverse agonist of Cannabinoid receptor
RIMONABANT
used for smoking control & obesity
ADR-Severe psychiatric problem- withdrawn
82
Physiological Antagonist of Histamine
Adrenaline
83
Tachyphylaxis means
Rapid tolerance
Eg: Thyramine, Ephedrine
84
Tachyphylaxis means
Rapid tolerance
Eg: Thyramine, Ephedrine
85
ADR types
Type A- Augmented Reactions
Type B- Bizarre reactions
Type C- Chronic reactions
Type D - Delayed Reactions
Type E- End of Dose reactions
Type F- Failure of Action
86
phocomelia by Thalidomide is due to
VGFR antagonism
87
Warfarin teratogenicity
Fetal Chondrodysplasia punctata
Contradi Syndrome
Nasal hypoplasia
88
Lithium teratogenicity
Ebstein's anomaly - Box shaped heart
Tricuspid Atresia
Floppy baby syndrome
Fetal goitre
89
Lithium teratogenicity
Ebstein's anomaly - Box shaped heart
Tricuspid Atresia
Floppy baby syndrome
Fetal goitre
90
Most teratogenic antiepileptic
Sodium Valproate
91
Most teratogenic antiepileptic
Sodium Valproate
92
Fetal alcoholic syndrome
Microcephaly
Maxillofacial abnormalities
Movement hyperkinetic
Mental retardation
Myocardial problem (VSD, ASD)
93
Fetal alcoholic syndrome
Microcephaly
Maxillofacial abnormalities
Movement hyperkinetic
Mental retardation
Myocardial problem (VSD, ASD)
94
FAS caused by
Thio amide
Methimazole
Carbimazole
Propyl thiouracil
PTV relatively sage
95
FAS caused by
Thio amide
Methimazole
Carbimazole
Propyl thiouracil
PTV relatively sage
96
Tetracycline teratogenicity
Discoloration of teeth
Depressed bone growth
Mother- Hepatotoxic
97
Tetracycline teratogenicity
Discoloration of teeth
Depressed bone growth
Mother- Hepatotoxic
98
Medical closure of PDA
Indomethain
Ibuprofen
PCM
99
Indomethacin teratogenicity
Premature closure of ductus arteriosus
100
Indomethacin teratogenicity
Premature closure of ductus arteriosus
101
Misoprostol teratogen
Moebius syndrome (6 and 7 CN AbN)
102
DES teratogen
Female vaginal ca
male-hypospadiasis
103
Nn ganglionic blockers
Hexamethonium
Trimethaphan
Mecamylamine- smoking control
104
MAb against beta amyloid in Alzheimer's disease
Adalumab
Lecanemab
Donanemab
105
Oximes for OPC poisoning
PRALIDOXIME
OBIDOXIME
DIACETYL MONO OXIME (CNS)
106
M3 antagonist for intestine and urinary bladder
Darifenacin
Solifenacin
107
M3 antagonist for intestine and urinary bladder
Darifenacin
Solifenacin
108
Vesicoselective anticholinergics
OXYBUTYNIN
FLAVOXATE
TOLTERODINE
FESOTERODINE
TROSPIUM CHLORIDE (in Alzheimer's patients)
109
MYDRIATIC ANTICHOLNERGICS
Atropine- longest
Homatropine
Cyclopentolate
Tropicamide (MC) Shortest and fastest
