Pharmacology Flashcards
Archer Review Help - Cheat Sheet, Endings, and Needs to Know about Drugs
1
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-afil
A
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor
- Sildenafil
- Avanafil
2
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-ase
A
Thrombolytic
- Alteplase
- Streptokinase
3
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-asone
A
Corticosteroid
- Fluticasone
- Betamethasone
4
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-bital
A
Barbiturate
- Phenobarbital
- Butabarbital
5
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-caine
A
local anesthesia
- Lidocaine
-Prilocaine
6
Q
Drug Class based on ending
cef-, ceph-
A
cephalosporin antibiotic
- Cefdinir
- Cephalexin
7
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-cillin
A
Penicillin antibiotic
-Amoxicillin
- Ampicillin
8
Q
Drug Class based on ending
cort
A
corticosteroid
- Hydrocortisone
- Fludrocortisone
9
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-cycline
A
Tetracycline antibiotic
-Doxycycline
- Minocycline
10
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-dazole
A
anthelmintic, antibiotic
- Metronidazole
- Tinidazole
11
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-dipine
A
Ca channel blocker
- Amlodipine
-Nifedipine
12
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-done
A
opioid analegesic
- Hydrocodone
- Oxycodone
13
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-dronate
A
Biphosphate, bone reabsorption inhibitor
- Alendronate
- Risperidone
14
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-eprazole, -oprazole
A
PPI
- Esomeprazole, Omeprazole
- Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole
15
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-fenac
A
NSAID
- Diclofenac
- Nepafenac
16
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-floxacin
A
Quinolone antibiotic
- Ciprofloxacin
- Levofloxacin
17
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-iramine
A
Antihistamine
- Chlorpheniramine
- Pheniramine
18
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-mide
A
diuretic
- Furosemide
- Torsemide
19
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-mycin
A
antibiotic
- Azithromycin
- Clindamycin
20
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-nacin
A
Muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)
- Darifenacin
- Solifenacin
21
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-nazole
A
antifungal
- Fluconazole
- Miconazole
22
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-olol
A
Beta Blocker
- Metoprolol
-Timolol
- Propranolol
23
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-olone
A
Corticosteroid
- Prednisolone
-Triamcinolone
24
Q
Drug Class based on ending
-onide
A
corticosteroid
- Budesonide
- Flucinonide
25
Drug Class based on ending
-parin
antithrombotic, anticoagulant
-Enoxaparin
-Heparin
26
Drug Class based on ending
-phylline
Bronchodilator
- Aminophylline
- Theophylline
27
Drug Class based on ending
-pramine
Tricyclic antidepressant
-Clomipramine
-Imipramine
28
Drug Class based on ending
pred, pred-
corticosteroid
- Prednisolone
- Prednisone
29
Drug Class based on ending
-pril
ACE inhibitor
- Enalapril
-Lisinopril
30
Drug Class based on ending
-profen
NSAID
- ibuprofen
- Ketoprofen
31
Drug Class based on ending
-ridone
Atypical antipsychotic
- Paliperidone
- Risperidone
32
Drug Class based on ending
-sartan
Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist
- Losartan
-Valsartan
33
Drug Class based on ending
-semide
Loop diuretic
- Furosemide
34
Drug Class based on ending
-statin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
- Atorvastatin
- Simvastatin
35
Drug Class based on ending
sulfa-
antibiotic, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory
- Sulfacetamide
36
Drug Class based on ending
-terol
Beta agonist bronchodilator
- Albuterol
37
Drug Class based on ending
-thiazide
thiazide diuretic
- Hydrochlorothiazide
38
Drug Class based on ending
-tidine
H2 receptor antagonist
- Famotidine
39
Drug Class based on ending
-trel
female hormone - progestin
- etonogestrel
-levonorgestrel
40
Drug Class based on ending
-tyline
tricyclic antidepressant
- Amitripyline
41
Drug Class based on ending
vir, -vir
antiviral
- Ribavirin
- Tenofovir
42
Drug Class based on ending
-zepam
benzo
- Clonazepam
-Lorazepam
43
Drug Class based on ending
-zodone
antidepressant
- nefazodone
- Trazodone
44
Drug Class based on ending
- zolam
benzo
-Alprazolam
45
Drug Class based on ending
-zosin
Alpha blocker
-Doxazosin
-Terazosin
46
Acetaminophen antidote
Acetylcysteine and activated charcoal
47
Benzo antidote
Flumazenil
48
Cyanide poisoning antidote
Methylene blue
49
Digoxin toxicity antidote
Digoxin immune FAB
50
Ethylene poisoning antidote
Fomepizole
51
Heparin and enoxaparin antidote
Protamine sulfate
52
Warfarin antidote
Vitamin K (Phytonadione)
53
Iron antidote
Deferoxamine
54
Lead antidote
Succimer
55
Mg Sulfate antidote
Ca gluconate
56
Opioid antidote
Naloxone
57
Drugs to avoid with
ACE inhibitors
Potassium-sparing meds
- Hyperkalemia
58
Drugs to avoid with
Nitroglycerin
Erectile dysfunction meds
- profound hypotension
59
Drugs to avoid with Metformin
Contrast dye
-Nephrotoxicity
60
Drugs to avoid with
MAOI and St. John's
Other antidepressants (2 weeks before and after)
- Serotonin syndrome
61
Foods to avoid with
Ca channel blockers, statins, and anticoagulants
grapefruit juice
- blocks enzyme to metabolize increases levels in the body
62
Foods to avoid with MAOIs
Tyramine (Charcuterie foods)
- Hypertensive Crisis
63
Foods to avoid with Warfarin
Excessive Vitamin K foods (need consistent amount)
- clotting and increase clot cascade
64
Disease to Drug Interactions
Asthma
Beta Blockers
- Bronchospasm
65
Disease to Drug Interactions
Chronic Liver Dzs
Warfarin
- increase sensitivity and bleeding
66
Disease to Drug Interactions
Congestive Heart Failure
Ca channel Blockers, NSAIDs - Na retnetion, and increase cardiac events
Steroids - Na and water retention
67
Disease to Drug Interactions
Epilepsy
TCAs, antimalarials, antipsychotics
- more seizures
68
Disease to Drug Interactions
HTN
NSAIDs
- increase BP due to Na retention
69
Disease to Drug Interactions
Parkinson's
COX-2 Inhibitors
- worsening s/s
70
Disease to Drug Interactions
Renal Failure
NSAIDs
- Nephrotoxicity
71
Disease to Drug Interactions
Resp Failure
Neuroleptics
- resp depression
72
Nifedipine toxicity
flushing
HA
Tachycardia
Hypotension
72
Verapamil toxicity s/s
Bradycardia
AV Heart Block
Hypotension
Constipation
73
Statins toxicity
HA
GI disturbances
liver and muscle toxicity
74
Midazolam toxicity
increase sedation
75
SSRI toxicity - sertraline
serotonin syndrome
76
Prolonging QT Interval puts the pt at risk for
Vtach or Torsades
-EKG monitors
77
Grapefruit juice should not be given to what drugs
Nifedipine
Statins
Midazolam
SSRI
Verapamil
78
Drugs Prolonging QT Interval
Amiodarone
Nicardipine
Sotalol
Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Fluconazole
Voriconazole
Amitriptyline, Protriptyline
Escitalopram, Citalopram
Fluoxetine, Sertraline
**Haldol**
Quetiapine
Risperidone
**Ondansetron**
Lithium
Pheylephrine
Pseudophydrine
Tacrolimus
Terbutaline
79
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Statins
Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Valproic acid
antifungals (-azole)
Bupropion
TCAs
Trazodone
Amoxicillin, Penicillin
Erythromycin
Amiodarone
Labetalol
Lisinopril
Losartan
Omeprazole
Acetaminophen with alcohol
80
Opioid Side effects
MITOSIS (pupil constriction)
OUT of it
Respiratory depression, reduced salivation
Pruritus, pneumonia
Hypotension, HA
Infrequent elimination (decrease motility)
Nausea, nervousness
Emesis
81
Methadone
does not cause euphoria
long half-life
- titrate slowly
(Peds on heart surgeries titrating off pain meds)
81
Opioid Antagonist - Antagonist
Buprenorphine
Suboxone
82
Buprenorphine
mild to mod pain and opioid addiction
low potenetial for abuse and less powerful
83
Narcan will cause
immediate withdrawal dependent on opioids
84
Non opioid that does not suppress inflammation
acetaminophen
85
NSAIDs inhibit COX 1 and 2 causing
gastric ulceration (bleeding)
vasoconstriction
renal impairment
reduced inflammation
analgesic
reduce fever
86
Ibuprofen side effects
GI BLEED
renal impairment
87
ASA best for what type of pain
joint, muscles, and head pain
arthritis
fever
stroke prevention
88
ASA decrease what
platelet aggregation decrease in ischemic diseases
89
ASA NURSING
bleeding D/C 5-7 days before surgery
Reye's with viral infection
90
ASA is only used in what peds diseases
Kawasaki <16 y/o
91
Salicylism (ASA toxicity) s/s
**Tinnitus**
sweating
HA
dizzy
metabolic acidosis
92
Max dose of tylenol
4 g
long term 3g per day
93
Tylenol system effects
liver
94
IV indomethacin given to infants to
induce closure of patent ductus arteriosus
95
IV ketorolac is used for what type of pain
mod- severe
96
If you want to keep the ductus arteriosus open give
Alprostadil
97
Reye Syndrome can cause
brain inflammation and liver damage
98
What are the major adverse effects associated with long-term NSAIDs
GI ulcers
bleeding
renal impairment
increased cardiac events
increase bleeding
99
Antihypertensives
ABCD
Diuretics
ACE (-prils)
Angiotensin 2 recpetor blockers
Ca channel blockers (-ipine)
Arterial and Venous dilators
Beta blockers
100
ACE not for
pregnancy
spironolactone
ARBs (angioedema)
101
What should you report for an ACE?
dry cough
- airway priority with angioedema
Facial swelling
102
ACE inhibitors acts on
RAAS no aldosterone and lowers BP
103
Hold ARBs and ACE if
systolic BP is < 100
104
ARB monitor for
orthostatic hypotension and increase K
105
Ca channel blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem) are not used in
heart failure or AV block
with Beta blockers or Digoxin
106
Ca channel blockers ending in -IPINE act on
blood vessels
- not causing constipation
107
Ca channel blockers NOT ending in -IPINE act on
heart and blood vessels
108
Ca Channel blockers sis
gingival hyperplasia
- soft bristles
109
Ca channel blockers (with -ipine) help with clients in
heart failure
AV block
110
If the client has osteoporosis on a Ca channel blocker,
stay on Ca to keep in bones
111
Arterial and Venous dilators
Nitrates
-stable angina - max 3 doses with 5 minutes in between, on 2nd dose call 911
112
Venodilators have an increased
fall risk
113
Antiarrhythmics
Atropine - low heart rate
Adenosine - SVT
Amiodarone - dysrhythmia
114
Atropine
inhibits resta nd digest and speeds up anticholinergic
drys up **not for glaucoma**
115
Adenosine
slows conduction
slam med (resets heart)
SVT
stop for asthmatics
116
HOLD Dig for
< 60 adults
< 70 children
<90 infants
117
Electrolytes on Dig
low K and Mg
high Ca
118
Dig toxic at
>2
119
early digoxin toxicity
N/V
yellow/green halos
120
Loop diuretics and digoxin can make the pt
toxic
121
Digoxin clients should avoid
black licorice
122
H1 Antagonist monitor for
drowsiness (take at night)
no other depressant
take with food avoid GI s/s)
123
H1 Antagonist drug
Diphenhydramine
[-ine]
124
Order for Inhaled glucocorticoid
SABA 1st 5 minutes before then glucocorticoid rinse out
125
Oral steroids < ____ days
10
126
D/C glucosrticoids slowly or get
adrenal crisis
127
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist [Montekulast]
long term 2 hours priori to exercise
128
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist toxiicty
ALT monitor
- clay colored poop
- dark urine
- jaundice
129
-opium
anticholingerics
130
SABA
ALBUTEROL
131
LABA
SALMETEROL
132
B2 Antagonist
rescue acute exacerbation
133
Give what first if having respiratory distress
Albuterol
- increases energy
134
Albuterol can mask
s/s hypoglycemia and glaucoma
135
Methylxanthines Inhibitors not with
Ciprofloxacin (seizures and stimulation)
Caffeine
136
Parsympathetic NS
REST AND DIGEST
137
Sympathetic NS
FIGHT OR FLIGHT
138
AntiTB drugs
Isoniazid
Rifampin
139
HCTZ potential s/s
Photosensitive
140
Antiparkinson drugs
Levodopa
Carbidopa
Dope them up!!
141
Carbidopa does what to levodopa
Carb inhibits the breakdown of levodopa allows it to last longer
142
Adverse effects of levodopa and Carbidopa
Psychosis
Hallucinations
Vivid dreams
Paranoid ideation
143
Take levodopa and Carbidopa with
Low fat and low protein
144
Monitor what with levodopa
Move slowly when changing positions
Postural hypotension
145
Cholinesterase inhibitors used for
Alzheimer’s and dementia in mild and moderate
Increase s/s in severe
Cholinergic bronchi constriction bradycardia
146
Alzheimer’s drugs cautioned with
Asthma
COPD
- bronchoconstriction
147
Primary epileptic
Phenytoin
148
Phenytoin therapeutic levels
10-20
149
Phenytoin side effects
Gingival hyperplasia
Birth defects
Anemia
Low heart rate and BP
150
Phenytoin toxicity
Nystagmus
Mental status change
151
Nursing for Phenytoin
Soft bristle toothbrush
No antacids
Birth control
152
What is the relief med for seizures?
Lorazepam
153
Alpha adrenergic drugs
Catecholamines -
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
154
Alpha adrenergic drugs do what to the body
Relax respiratory muscles
Vasodilators arteries
Vasoconstrict peripheral
Increase heart rate and contractility
155
Beta adrenergic Agonists
Increase heart rate
Bronchodilator
Uterine relaxation
156
Norepinephrine
Vasoconstriction increase BP
**Vesicant - central line or shock**
Increase BG
157
CNS overstimulation
Restless
Tremors
Anxiety
Monitor with epileptic pts
158
Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist
Hypotension
BPH
Raynauds
159
First dose effect
Orthostatic hypotension
Increase risk for falls
Take at bedtime
Alpha Antagonist
160
No selected beta adrenergic antagonist
Work on the heart and lungs and stop fight or flight
161
Selected beta adrenergic antagonist work on
Only the heart
You can give this to diabetics and asthmatic patients
162
Side effects of beta adrenergic antagonist
Bradycardia – avoid in bradycardia and AV block patients
Rebound, cardiac excitation – never discontinue abruptly
163
Side effects of only non-selected beta, adrenergic antagonist
Decrease cardiac output – avoid with heart failure
Bronchi construction
Hypoglycemia
Depression – caution with mental health conditions
164
Cholinergic stem word
Stigmine
165
Cholinergics do what to the body
Increase secretions, gut motility
REST and DISGEST
166
Cholinergics crisis
MG pts, insecticides, pesticides, chem warfare
167
Antidote for Cholinergic crisis
Atropine (anticholinergic)
Tx bradycardia and low CO
168
Cholinergic should be taken
Empty stomach
169
Cholinergic contraindications
Intestinal obstruction
Urinary obstruction
Asthma
Hyperthyroidism
Hypotension
170
Cholinergic Side Effects (Dumbbells)
Diaphoresis and Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Emesis
Lacrimation
Low BP
Salvation
- increase secretions “wet”
171
Anticholinergics
Atropine
ipratropium bromide
dicyclomine
oxybutynin
toliterodine
172
Anticholinergics used for
bradycardia
AV block
eye exams
asthma
excess secretions
overactive bladder
173
Anticholinergics does what to the body
blocks rest and digest
drys up everything
174
Anticholinergics result in
increased HR
pupil dilation
bronchodilation
decreased secretions
sweating
decreased GI
urinary retention
175
Anticholinergics side effects
Increased IOP - blurry, photophobia
- not for glaucoma
urinary retention - caution in BPH
bronchial plugging - caution with asthma
constipation - xerostomia, tachycardia, anhidrosis
176
Anticholinergics toxicity
activated charcoal
physostigmine - cholinergic antidote
177
Anticholinergics adverse effects occur due to
blocking the parasympathetic nervous system
178
Anticholinergics effects
hot
Dry
Red
blind
mad
179
H2 Receptor Antagonist are taken
when you eat (-tidine = to dine)
180
H2 Receptor Antagonist do what
block stomach acid
for GERD and ulcers
181
Monitor what with H2 Receptor Antagonist
CBC
BUN
Creatinine
liver enzymes
182
H2 Receptor Antagonist are not given with
antacids
183
H2 Receptor Antagonist
teach the clients to
increase fiber and fluids to combat constipation
184
H2 Receptor Antagonist side effects
constipation
diarrhea
nausea
abd pain
HA
blistering or peeling skin
185
H2 Receptor Antagonist clients with renal impairment are more likely to
have agitation
confusion
disorientation
lethargy
**more CNS s/s**
186
PPI is given
before food (30-60 minutes)
187
report what with a PPI
black tarry stools
188
GI protectant med is
sucralfate
189
Sucralfate is given to
heal the ulcer and sucks into the ulcer
190
take sucralfate when
empty stomach 1 hour before food or
2 hours after a meal and bedtime
191
don't give sucralfate if
antacids
192
monitor what with sucralfate
blood glucose
193
Antiemetic
serotonin antagonist - ondansetron
promethazine - antipsychotic
diphenhydramine
scopolamine - patch behind the ear - eye dilation if touch eyes after
194
Zofran
removes nausea feeling
NO SLAM (risk for ventricular tachycardia) and NO CNS depressants
195
promethazine side effects
EPS and anticholinergic
196
Zofran side effects
constipation
dizzy
fatigue and sleepiness
HA
nervous
muscle cramps
EPS
197
TPN
CENTRAL LINE ONLY
- Dextrose, amino acids, electrolytes
Complications
- Hypo-, hyperglycemia, fluid overload, infection, embolism
= Change bag and tubing every 24 hours
=
198
Blood glucose checks for TPN
Q 4-6 hours
199
What is the priority electrolyte to watch in diuretics?
potassium and daily wts
200
Diuretics get rid of
sodium and water from the body to prevent edema and heart/lung congestion
201
Loop Diuretics act on
loop of Henle
202
Loop Diuretics side effects
low K, BP, Ca
high uric acid (gout), glucose
metabolic acidosis
203
What is a severe adverse effect of LOOP DIURETIC?
ototoxicity
SLOWLY admin
204
Thiazide diuretics act on
distal tubule and block reabsorption of sodium
205
water follows
sodium
206
Potassium-sparing diuretics monitor for
K and BP
207
In direct Thrombin Inhibitor
Heparin
208
Heparin lab to check
PTT 45-100 seconds
209
Normal PTT
30-40 SECONDS
210
Severe side effect of Heparin
HITT
211
HITT
occurs 5-14 days after heparin with drops in platelets
STOP heparin and switch to a different anticoagulant to prevent clot
212
Heparin monitor for
bleeding anywhere
skin
output
hemorrhage VS
brain
213
Which anticoagulant is only okay to give to pregnant women?
enoxaparin (low weight heparin)
214
Oral thrombin inhibitor
warfarin
215
Warfarin lab level
PT 15-36 seconds
INR 2-3
216
PT normal
10-12
217
INR normal
0.9-1.2
218
how often do you recheck warfarin levels?
q 4-6 weeks
every month
219
education for warfarin
consistent amount of vitamin K
220
Pregnant women dont go to
war!
221
Fiibrinolytics/Thrombolytics
-ase
Alteplase - TPA
**clot busters**
222
Alteplase needs to be given within
3-4 hours of last known well
223
What does the pt need before a blood transfusion?
consent form
type and cross
20g or bigger
2 RN check off
224
PRBCs max time
4 hours transfusion
225
Closely monitor the patient for how long during a blood transfusion
30 minutes
226
VS on a blood admin
before
15 mins
after
227
What solution goes with blood
NS
228
Ibf a reaction is suspected for a blood transfusion then
stop, remove tubing and flush IV (Send to blood bank)
rapid
benadryl and O2
LEUKOCYTE REDUCED blood products to decrease risk for febrile
229
S/S of transfusion reaction
Rash
Elevated Temp > 1 degree
Anxiety, apprehension
**Chills - ABO mismatch
Tachypnea
Increased pulse
Oliguria and Hemoglobinuria
Nausea**
- low back pain - hemolytic
