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principles 2 > pharmacology > Flashcards

pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Which anesthetic gas DOES providde significant analgesia
A.Sevo
B.nitrous oxide
C.Iso
D.Des

A

B. nitrous

Surrogate measures of pain suggest that, with the exception of nitrous o

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2
Q

Inhaled anesthetics provide… Choose 2
A. immobility
B.hypoxia
C.analgesic
D.amnesia

A

A. immobility
D. amnesia

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3
Q

Which inhaled anesthetic increases muslce tone
A.Sevo
B.nitrous oxide
C.Iso
D.Des

A

B. nitrous

other inhaled anesthetic either do not affect or in some cases lower ske

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4
Q

Inhaled anesthetics produce immobility via actions
A. on the brainstem
B. at the medulla
C. in the somatosensory
D. on the spinal cord

A

D. on the spinal cord

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5
Q

there is consensus that inhaled anesthetics produce anesthesia by ________ inhibitory channels and ____________ excitatory channels
A. enhancing; attenuating
B. stimulating; inhibiting
C.attenuating; enhancing
D.inhibiting; stimulating

A

A. enhancing; attenuating

if it occurs through direct binding or membrane alterations is not know

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6
Q

The Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) of an inhaled anesthetic is the alveolar (or end- expiratory) concentration at which________ of patients will not show a motor response to a standardized surgical incision
A.60%
B.75%
C.56%
D.50%

A

D. 50%

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7
Q

The standard deviation of MAC is ~10%, thus 95% of patients will respond to ____ MAC, and 99% will respond to _____MAC
A.1.3:1.7
B. 1.7: 1.3
C.1.2: 1.3
D.1.3: 1.2

A

C. 1.2:1.3

standard MAC values assume the absence of all other potentially sedative or hypnotic drugs

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8
Q

True/ false
MAC valuse are additive in terms of preventing movement to incision

A

true

0.5 MAC of nitrous oxide plus 0.5 MAC of isoflurane = 1.0 MAC of any other agent

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9
Q

What color is ISO
A.yellow
B.purple
C.blue
D.green

A

b. purple

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10
Q

What color is des
A.yellow
B.purple
C.blue
D.green

A

C.blue

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11
Q

What color is ISO
A.yellow
B.purple
C.blue
D.green

A

a. yellow

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12
Q

Desflurane is an airway irritant and can _____ HR
A.increase
B.decrease
C. remain the same
D. change

A

A. increase

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13
Q

true or false
Des has very high solubility… meaning it is good for obese patients, absorbs quick, and goes away quick. VERY expensive. Needs a special heated vaporizer.

A

false
Des has very LOW solubility… meaning it is good for obese patients, absorbs quick, and goes away quick. VERY expensive. Needs a special heated vaporizer.

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14
Q

What population is sevo good for _____ induction
a. adults
b. geriatrics
c. obese
d. pediatrics

A

D. pediatrics

can hang around longer in obese patients

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15
Q

Sevo can cause what in pediatrics
A. awareness
B. emergence delirium
C. euphoria
D. constipation

A

B. emergence delirium

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16
Q

Isoflurane is not used often and has a longer emergencr due to
A.neurotoxicity
B. low lipid solubility
C. nephrotoxicity
D. very lipid soluble

A

D. very lipid soluble

very suitable for long cases where quick extubation is not expected (sick ICU patients going to stay on vent)

17
Q

true or false
Nitrous is a solo anesthesia gas

A

false
nitrous is NOT a solo anesthesia gas

18
Q

Nitrous can be used… (choose 2)
A. bowel cases
B. decrease of primary anesthesia
C. neuro case
D. help with wakeup

A

B. decrease of primary anesthsia
D. help with wakeup

Most mentioned of these will be N/V, at higher doses. Not for use in neuro or most bowel cases.

19
Q

Which factor does not increase anesthetic requirements
A.Chronic ETOH
B.hyponatremia
C.hypernatremia
D.hyperthermia
E.red hair
F.infant

A

B. hyponatremia

20
Q

Factors which decrease anesthetic requirments (choose 8) sorry
A.Acute ETOH
B.elderly patient
C.hyponatremia
D.hypothermia
E.anemia (<5)
F.hypernatremia
G.hypercarbia
H.hypoxia
I.pregnancy

A

A
B
C
D
E
G
H
I

so not F

sorry dont hate me

21
Q

Anesthesia gas has a (choose 2)
A.very potent
B.low potentcy
C.narrow therapeutic window
D.wide therapeutic window

A

A very potent
C narrow therapeutic window

22
Q

True/false
we measure anesthesia gas by watching what the patient breaths in and out and that tells us what is in the patients brain

A

true

23
Q

Preparation for propofol
A. 10mg/cc
B.1g/cc
C.10mcg/cc
D. 100mg/cc

A

A

24
Q

induction dose for propfol
A.0.5mg/kg IV
B.2mg/kg IV
C. 4mg/kg IV
D.0.7mg/kg IV

A

B. 2mg/kg

25
Q

Sedation dose for propofol
A. 10mg/hr
B.25-100mg/kg/min
C.200mcg/kg/min
D. 25-100mcg/kg/min

A

D. 25-100mcg/kg/min

26
Q

TIVA dose for propofol
A. 100-300 mcg/kg/min
B.50-250mcg/kg/min
C.25-100mcg/kg/min
D.150-400mcg/kg/min

A

A. 100-300mcg/kg/min

*It is not a controlled substance. PAIN with IV pushes. 1-2% Lidocaine pretreatment works best. Doses rarely need to be changed with renal or liver disease. ↓dose in elderly patients. Propofol is very titratable.

27
Q

how long does it take for patient to go unconscious with propofol
A.45 seconds
B.15 seconds
C.25 seconds
D.30 seconds

A

D. 30 seconds

28
Q

elimination half life for propofol
A. 0.5-1.5 hours
B. 0.75-1.5hours
C.1-2 hours
D.0.5-2 hours

A

A. 0.5-1.5 hours

29
Q

protein binging for propofol
A.93%
B. 98%
C. 76%
D.82%

A

B. 98%

30
Q

Context sensitive half time is
A.less than 40 minutes
B. greater than40 minutes
C. less than 63minutes
D.greater than 63 minutes

A

A. less than 40 minutes

does accumulate with long therapy

31
Q

What is the best drug to blunt larynx
A.lidocaine
B.etomidate
C.ketamine
D. propofol

A

D. propofol

32
Q

Propofol is a _______ and supresses the ________
Choose 2
A.bronchodilator
B.SNS
C. constrictor
D. ANS

A

A. bronchodilator
B. SNS response to laryngoscopy

33
Q

Propofol can also be used as
A. antidiuretic
B. analgesic
C. antiinflammatory
D. anti nausea

A

D. anti nausea

used as rescue in low dose

34
Q

Critically ill patients with head injuries recieving long term high dose propofol therapy tend to develop (choose 3)
A. cardiac problems
B.metabolic acidosis
C. rhabdo, myoglobinuria
D. liver problems

A

B. metabolic acidosis
C. rhabdo, myoglobinuria
D. liver problems: fatter infiltrates of liver, enlarged liver
and lipidemia

35
Q

propofol infusion syndrome is a sudden onset of ______ that progresses to ________ and is resistant to treatment
A.bradycardia; asystole
B. tachycardia; v tach
C. 3rd degree block; v fib
D. torsades; death

A

A. bradycardia leading to asystole

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