Pharmacology Flashcards
What are the side effects of Flecainide?
NB: not for people with ventricular arrhythmias because can increase chance of having a fatal arrhythmia
- proarrhythmic, torsades, prolonged PR
- CHF
Name the types of antiarrhythmics?
“SoBe PoCa”
- I Sodium channel blockers
- A
- B
- C
- II Beta blockers
- III Potassium channel blockers
- IV Calcium channel blockers
- digoxin
- adenosine
Name 3 examples of a sodium channel blocker.
quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide, lidocaine, flecainide
Name 2 examples of a beta blocker.
propranolol, atenolol, sotalol
Name 2 examples of potassium channel blockers.
amiodarone, bretylium
Name 2 examples of calcium channel blockers.
verapamil, diltiazem
What are the side effects of quinidine?
- inhibits cytochrome P450 so increases levels o other drugsis system e.g. lidocaine, digoxin
- VT (torsades de pointes)
- prolonged QT, arrhythmias
- thrombocytopenia
- grnulomatous hepatitis
- myasthenia gravis
What are the side effects of Procainamide?
- arrhythmias
- hypersensitivity
What are the side effects of Amiodarone?
- pulmonary fibrosis
- hypo/hyperthyroidism
- photosensitivity (blue-gray discolouration)
- abnormal liver enzymes
What are the side effects of Verapamil?
- HA
- dizziness
- increased urination
- nausea, constipation
- gingival hyperplasia
What are the side effects of Diltiazem?
- hypotension
- bradycardia
- dizziness
- flushing
What are the side effects of Digoxin?
“Digoxin is a bit of a GIT, he makes STacey depressed by blocking her heart even though he accelerates her junctional rhythm”
- GIT: nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, loss of appetitie
- ST depression, T wave inversion
- accelerated junctional rhythm
Name 2 examples of nitrates.
glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide
How long lasting is glyceryl trinitrate?
short acting 30mins
How long does isosorbide dinitrite last?
long acting
What are the side effects of nitrates? and how to prevent it?
- arterial dilation - hypotension, fainting
- reflex tachycardia - prevent with beta blockers
What are the contraindications of nitrates?
- hypotension
- sildenafil (within 24-48hrs
