Pharmacology Flashcards
Medications
H’s
Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Hydrogen Ion Excess (Acidosis)
Hyper/Hypokalemia
Hypoglycemia
Hypothermia
T’s
Tension Pneumothorax
Cardiac Tamponade
Toxins
Thrombosis
Trauma
Acetaminophen
(Generic Name)
Class: Analgesic, Antipyretic
Brand Name: Tylenol
Indications: Mild pain; Fever
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; Sever Liver Failure
Route: Adult - Oral; Peds - Oral/Rectal
Dosage: Adult - 325 to 1000mg (max 4g); Peds - 10-15mg/kg (max 4g)
Onset & Duration: Onset - 10 to 30 mins; Duration - 3 to 4hrs
Side Effects: Headache; Dizzy; N/V; Hepatotoxicity; Allergic Reaction
Mechanism of Action: Blocks the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2, which inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins in the CNS, thus reducing fever and blocking pain impulse generation.
Special Considerations: OD; alcohol abuse; malnutrition
Activated Charcoal
(Generic Name)
Class: Antidote
Brand Name: Actidose
Indications: Oral Toxic Ingestion (within 1 hour of EMS contact)
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; Ingestion of Cyanide, Mineral Acids, Caustic Alkalis; Petroleum Distillates, Iron, Ethanol, Methanol, or Corrosives.
Route: Oral
Dosage: Adult - 1g/kg; Peds - 1-2g/kg
Onset & Duration: Onset - 5 to 10 mins; Duration - until excreted
Side Effects: Dehydration; N/V; Constipation; Diarrhea; Abdominal pain; Aspiration
Mechanism of Action: Binds to ingested toxins and other harmful substances in the GI tract to prevent their absorption into the bloodstream.
Special Considerations: Abdominal pain of unknown origin; decreased LOC
Adenosine
(Generic Name)
Class: Class 5 Antiarrhythmic
Brand Name: Adenocard
Indications: SVT & PSVT
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; Sick Sinus Syndrome; 2nd or 3rd Degree Block; A-Fib; A-Flutter; V-Tach; Bradycardia; Drug Induced Tachycardia
Route: IV; IO
Dosage: Adult - 6mg, 12mg, 12mg; Peds - .1mg/kg (max 6mg), .2mg/kg (max 12mg)
Onset & Duration: Onset - Immediate; Duration - 10 seconds
Side Effects: Dizziness; Dyspnea; Hypotension; Bronchospasm; Palpitations; Arrhythmias; Transient AV Block
Mechanism of Action: Binds to Adenosine receptors in the heart and blood vessels, which activates potassium channels and inhibits calcium influx. This temporarily blocks the AV node’s conduction of electrical impulses, giving it the ability to briefly stop the heart, which can be used diagnostically to identify certain types of arrhythmias.
Special Considerations: Respiratory conditions; Heart disease
Albuterol
(Generic Name)
Class: Bronchodilator, Sympathomimetic
Brand Name: Proventil
Indications: Asthma or COPD exacerbation; Acute Bronchospasm
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Route: Nebulized
Dosage: Adult - 2.5 to 5mg diluted in 2.5mL NS; Peds 1.25 to 2.5mg diluted in 2.5mL NS
Onset & Duration: Onset - 5 to 15 mins; Duration - 3 to 4 hrs
Side Effects: Dizziness; Anxiety; Tremors; Hypertension; Tachycardia; Palpitations; Arrhythmias
Mechanism of Action: A selective Beta-2 agonist that stimulates the adrenergic receptors of the sympathomimetic nervous system. This leads to bronchodilation and improved airflow in patients suffering from respiratory conditions such as asthma or COPD.
Special Considerations: Cardiac Conditions; Diabetes
Amiodarone
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Aspirin
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Atropine Sulfate
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Calcium Chloride
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Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate
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Dextrose
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Diazepam
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Diltiazem
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Diphenhydramine
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Dopamine Hydrochloride
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Epinephrine
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Racemic Epinephrine
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Etomidate
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Famotidine
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Fentanyl Citrate
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Flumazenil
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Furosemide
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Glucagon
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