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Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

HYPER calcemia is d/t … (diuretic)
HYPO calcemia is d/t … (diuretic)

A
  • thiazides
  • loops

(“loops lose” Ca)

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2
Q

Ototoxicity is a common AE of which 4 Rx?

A
  1. aminoglycosides
  2. loops
  3. cisplatin
  4. ASA
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3
Q

nephrotoxicity is a common side effect of which 2 RX?

A
  1. aminoglycosides
  2. amphotericin B
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4
Q

orange bodily secretion is a side effect of… (Rx)

A

rifampin

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5
Q

Drug-induced lupus (anti-histone Ab) is an AE of which 5 Rx?

(“Histoned on drugs”)

A
  • Anit-arrhythmics: procanamide & quinadine
  • Methyldopa
  • Isoniazid
  • HIGH-dralazine

(“AM I HIGH?”)

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6
Q

hemorrhagic cystitis is an AE of… (rx)

(hint: also causes SIADH)

A

cyclophosphamide (or ifosfamide. MOA: nitrogen mustard, cross-link DNA, alkylating agen)

(tx: mensa, cyproheptadine (H1 blocker) tx Serotonin Syndrome)

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7
Q

cartilage damage (children) is an AE of which Rx?

A

fluoroquinolones

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8
Q

Prolonged QT syndrome can be caused by which 2 Rx?

“anti-ABCDEF”

A
  • antiArrhythmics (class IA, III)
  • antiBiotics (macrolides, fluoroquinolones)
  • anti“C”ychotics (ziprasidone)
  • antiDepressants (TCAs)
  • antiEmetics (ondansetron)
  • antiFungals (fluconazole)

(the ones that affect the K+ current)

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9
Q

Hemolysis in G6P deficiency patients can be d/t which 3 Rx?

A

Sulfonamides
Isoniazid
Quinidine

“Hemolysis in G6P is SIck(Q)”

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10
Q

TB Drug side effects

“RIPE ONGO”

A

Rifampin - Orange secretions
Isoniazide - Neuropathy, B6 deficiency, hemolysis, Rx-SLE
Pyrazinamide - Gout
Ethamutol - Optic Neuritis

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11
Q

P450 inducers

“CRAP GPS Induces My Rage”

A
  • Carbamazepine
  • Rifampin
  • Alcohol
  • Phenytoin/Phenobarbitol
  • Griseofulvin
  • Phenobarbital
  • Sulonylureas & St. John’s Wart
  • Modafinil
  • naviRapine
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12
Q

Rx broken down by P450 subtype: CYP-1A2?

“1 word w/2 A’s”

A

AcetAminophen

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13
Q

Rx broken down by P450 subtype: CYP-2E1?

A

Alcohol/Ethanol

“you have to be 21 to drink Ethanol”

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14
Q

Rx broken down by P450 subtype: CYP-2C9?

A

Warfarin/Coumadin

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15
Q

Rx broken down by P450 subtype: CYP-2D6?

A

cardiovascular drugs

(2D echo is how you dx heart conditions)

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16
Q

Rx broken down by P450 subtype: CYP-3A4?

A

everything else that isn’t on the list below…

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17
Q

List the Sulfa Rx

“Scary Sulfa Pharm FACTS”

A

Sulfonamide ABX
Sulfasalazine
Probenecid
Furosemide
Acetazolamide
Celecoxib
Thiazides
Sulfonylureas

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18
Q

St. John’s wart can cause … which dangerous side-effect?

A

serotonin syndrome

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19
Q

Bethenachol helps … contract

A

the Bladder

(M3 agonist; M3 blocker =oxybutynin)

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20
Q

mibegatron txs urinary incontinence by increasing…

A

capacity of bladder

“Mi“Big“atron Bladder”

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21
Q

Pilocarpine is a potent stimulator of … (3 physiologic effects)

(Resistant to AChE)

A
  1. sweat
  2. tears
  3. saliva

(tx open and closed-angle glaucoma, Sjogren’s)

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22
Q

Reduce bladder spasms and urge urinary incontinence (overactive bladder)

“Make bladder SOFT”

A
  • Solifenacin
  • Oxybutynin
  • Flavoxate
  • Tolterodine
23
Q

2 major uses of atropine (muscarinic blocker)

A
  1. bradycardia
  2. ophthalmic conditions
24
Q

2 major uses of Terbutaline

A
  1. acute bronchospasm
  2. tocolysis
25
NE has more α or β activity?
α "N**α**repi"
26
* Epinephrine has more α or β activity? * Isoproterenol?
β ("eβi") equal β ("isoβro") activity **(note how to draw pressure tracing map)**
27
Ephedrine releases stored ...
catecholamines (use: decongestion- pseudoephedrine, urinary incontinence & hypotension)
28
List the 4 α2-agonists; sympatholytics
1. Clonidine 1. Guanfacine 1. Methyldopa 1. Tizanidine
29
**β**-blockers that **c**urb **m**ortality
**β**isoprolol **c**arvedilol **m**etoprolol
30
How do β-blockers decrease renin?
block β1- receptors on JG cells
31
variceal bleeding is treated prophylactically w/... "**N**o **p**ortal **c**irculation"
* **N**adolol * **P**ropranolol * **C**arvedilol (β-blockers cause "**N**o **p**ortal **c**irculation")
32
Which β-blockers are selective? Which are **N**on-**Z**elective?
* A to M (β1 with 1st half of alphabet) * N to Z (β1 = β2, β2 with 2nd half of alphabet) (Non-selective α- and β-antagonists—carvedilol, labetalol)
33
**N**ebiv**O**lol increases ...
NO
34
Which Rx can be used in HIT, when heparin is **BAD** for the patient? (direct coag. factor inhibitors)
1. **B**ivalirudin 1. **A**rgatroban 1. **D**abigatran
35
36
...can be used to **i**nhibit **da**bigatran (a direct anticoagulant mAb to Fab)
**ida**rucizumab ("I Dare you to bleed again!")
37
Xa inhibitor reversal agent
Ande**Xa**net alfa (recombinant **Xa** that is the "**alpha**" to Xa inhibitors)
38
penicillamine is used to tx ... toxicities
lead or copper (also used to tx Wilson's)
39
Dimercaprol & Succimer are used to tx... toxicities.
Lead & **Mer**cury (Di**mer**caprol & Succi**mer**) (Correct lead poisoning in **PEDS**: **P**enicillamine, calcium disodium **E**DTA, **D**imercaprol, **S**uccimer)
40
Salicylate toxicity tx (2)
1. NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine) 1. dialysis (NaHCO3 also used for TCA toxicity - stabilizes cardiac cell membrane)
41
SIADH can be caused by which 4 Rx? "**C**an’t **C**oncentrate **S**erum **S**odium"
* **C**arbamazepine * **C**yclophosphamide * **SS**RIs
42
Massive hepatic necrosis can be caused by which 3 substances?
* Amanita phalloides (**death** cap mushroom) * Valproate * Acetaminophen ("**AVA** caused liver death")
43
List the ABX that cover MRSA "A **Clean**ing **Van** filled w/**Tar**o ran over the **Li**ttle **Dog**'s **B**ack **T**oe"
**C**lindamycin (NOT a macrolide) **V**ancomycin & -**Van**cin Rx **C**eftaroline (5th) **L**inezolid (50S) **D**oxycycline (a tetracylcin/50S) **B**actrim (aka TMP-SMX) dap**TO**mycine/**T**igecycline **(anything that covers MRSA, also covers gram +)**
44
List the ABX that cover anaerobes (anaerobes love "**CAMP MUCT(k)**")
**C**lindamycin (NOT a macrolide) **A**ugmentin **M**etronidazole **P**iperacillin/tazobactam **M**oxifloxacin **U**nasyn **C**arbapenem **T**igecycline (covers ALL bacteria except pseudomonas)
45
List the ABX that cover pseudomas ("**MAFIA** **P**seudomonas **C**hallenges **C**linicians")
**M**eropenem **A**ztreonam **F**luoroquinolones (not Moxi) **I**mipenem **A**minoglycosides **P**iperacillin/tazopactam (also covers anaerobes) **C**efepime (4th) **C**eftazidime (3rd)
46
List the ABX that cover atypical bacteria ("**Atypicals** are **FAT** bas**T**ards")
* Fluroquinolones (Moxi) * Azithromycin/Macrolides * Tetracyclines (30S) * Tigecycline (covers ALL except pseudomonas)
47
List the ABX that have broad gram negative bacterial coverage
Aminoglycosides
48
Which Rx are included in the Glycopeptide class of ABX (**PLANIN**' a trip to **POSITIVE** town in my **VAN**)
* **VAN**comy-**CIN** * Dalba-**VAN-CIN** * Ramo-**PLANIN** (glycopeptides cover gram **positives**)
49
List the ABX classes that cover both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
1. Cephalosporins 1. Tetracyclines 1. Penicillins 1. Sulfonamides 1. Fluoroquinolones 1. Carbapenems
50
Which ABX classes inhibit bacterial protein synthesis?
* **G**lycylcycline (Tigecycline) * **M**acrolides * **A**minoglycosides * **T**etracyclines ("Get on the **G**(iam) **MAT** to build protein", all others inhibit cell wall synthesis except for Fluoro's & Sulfonamides)
51
Sul**fo**namides MOA
inhibit **FO**late synthesis (block PABA)
52
5 classes of 50S inhibitors
1. Chloramphenicol 1. Clindamycin (NOT a macrolide) 1. Linezolid 1. Macrolides 1. Streptogramins (-pristin)
53
3 classes of 30S inhibitors ("**TAG** team")
1. Tetracylcine 2. Aminoglycosides ("3 Amigos") 1. Glycycline (Tigecycline)

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