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Dirty Medicine > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

HYPER calcemia is d/t … (diuretic)
HYPO calcemia is d/t … (diuretic)

A
  • thiazides
  • loops

(“loops lose” Ca)

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2
Q

Ototoxicity is a common AE of which 4 Rx?

A
  1. aminoglycosides
  2. loops
  3. cisplatin
  4. ASA
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3
Q

nephrotoxicity is a common side effect of which 2 RX?

A
  1. aminoglycosides
  2. amphotericin B
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4
Q

orange bodily secretion is a side effect of… (Rx)

A

rifampin

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5
Q

Drug-induced lupus (anti-histone Ab) is an AE of which 5 Rx?

(“Histoned on drugs”)

A
  • Anit-arrhythmics: procanamide & quinadine
  • Methyldopa
  • Isoniazid
  • HIGH-dralazine

(“AM I HIGH?”)

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6
Q

hemorrhagic cystitis is an AE of… (rx)

(hint: also causes SIADH)

A

cyclophosphamide (or ifosfamide. MOA: nitrogen mustard, cross-link DNA, alkylating agen)

(tx: mensa, cyproheptadine (H1 blocker) tx Serotonin Syndrome)

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7
Q

cartilage damage (children) is an AE of which Rx?

A

fluoroquinolones

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8
Q

Prolonged QT syndrome can be caused by which 2 Rx?

“anti-ABCDEF”

A
  • antiArrhythmics (class IA, III)
  • antiBiotics (macrolides, fluoroquinolones)
  • anti“C”ychotics (ziprasidone)
  • antiDepressants (TCAs)
  • antiEmetics (ondansetron)
  • antiFungals (fluconazole)

(the ones that affect the K+ current)

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9
Q

Hemolysis in G6P deficiency patients can be d/t which 3 Rx?

A

Sulfonamides
Isoniazid
Quinidine

“Hemolysis in G6P is SIck(Q)”

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10
Q

TB Drug side effects

“RIPE ONGO”

A

Rifampin - Orange secretions
Isoniazide - Neuropathy, B6 deficiency, hemolysis, Rx-SLE
Pyrazinamide - Gout
Ethamutol - Optic Neuritis

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11
Q

P450 inducers

“CRAP GPS Induces My Rage”

A
  • Carbamazepine
  • Rifampin
  • Alcohol
  • Phenytoin/Phenobarbitol
  • Griseofulvin
  • Phenobarbital
  • Sulonylureas & St. John’s Wart
  • Modafinil
  • naviRapine
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12
Q

Rx broken down by P450 subtype: CYP-1A2?

“1 word w/2 A’s”

A

AcetAminophen

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13
Q

Rx broken down by P450 subtype: CYP-2E1?

A

Alcohol/Ethanol

“you have to be 21 to drink Ethanol”

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14
Q

Rx broken down by P450 subtype: CYP-2C9?

A

Warfarin/Coumadin

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15
Q

Rx broken down by P450 subtype: CYP-2D6?

A

cardiovascular drugs

(2D echo is how you dx heart conditions)

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16
Q

Rx broken down by P450 subtype: CYP-3A4?

A

everything else that isn’t on the list below…

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17
Q

List the Sulfa Rx

“Scary Sulfa Pharm FACTS”

A

Sulfonamide ABX
Sulfasalazine
Probenecid
Furosemide
Acetazolamide
Celecoxib
Thiazides
Sulfonylureas

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18
Q

St. John’s wart can cause … which dangerous side-effect?

A

serotonin syndrome

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19
Q

Bethenachol helps … contract

A

the Bladder

(M3 agonist; M3 blocker =oxybutynin)

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20
Q

mibegatron txs urinary incontinence by increasing…

A

capacity of bladder

“Mi“Big“atron Bladder”

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21
Q

Pilocarpine is a potent stimulator of … (3 physiologic effects)

(Resistant to AChE)

A
  1. sweat
  2. tears
  3. saliva

(tx open and closed-angle glaucoma, Sjogren’s)

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22
Q

Reduce bladder spasms and urge urinary incontinence (overactive bladder)

“Make bladder SOFT”

A
  • Solifenacin
  • Oxybutynin
  • Flavoxate
  • Tolterodine
23
Q

2 major uses of atropine (muscarinic blocker)

A
  1. bradycardia
  2. ophthalmic conditions
24
Q

2 major uses of Terbutaline

A
  1. acute bronchospasm
  2. tocolysis
25
Q

NE has more α or β activity?

A

α

“Nαrepi”

26
Q
  • Epinephrine has more α or β activity?
  • Isoproterenol?
A

β (“eβi”)
equal β (“isoβro”) activity

(note how to draw pressure tracing map)

27
Q

Ephedrine releases stored …

A

catecholamines

(use: decongestion- pseudoephedrine, urinary incontinence & hypotension)

28
Q

List the 4 α2-agonists; sympatholytics

A
  1. Clonidine
  2. Guanfacine
  3. Methyldopa
  4. Tizanidine
29
Q

β-blockers that
curb mortality

A

βisoprolol
carvedilol
metoprolol

30
Q

How do β-blockers decrease renin?

A

block β1- receptors on JG cells

31
Q

variceal bleeding is treated prophylactically w/…

“No portal
circulation”

A
  • Nadolol
  • Propranolol
  • Carvedilol

(β-blockers cause “No portal
circulation”)

32
Q

Which β-blockers are selective?
Which are Non-Zelective?

A
  • A to M (β1 with 1st half of alphabet)
  • N to Z (β1 = β2, β2 with 2nd half of alphabet)

(Non-selective α- and β-antagonists—carvedilol, labetalol)

33
Q

NebivOlol increases …

A

NO

34
Q

Which Rx can be used in HIT, when heparin is BAD for the patient?

(direct coag. factor inhibitors)

A
  1. Bivalirudin
  2. Argatroban
  3. Dabigatran
35
Q
A
36
Q

…can be used to inhibit dabigatran (a direct anticoagulant mAb to Fab)

A

idarucizumab

(“I Dare you to bleed again!”)

37
Q

Xa inhibitor reversal agent

A

AndeXanet alfa

(recombinant Xa that is the “alpha” to Xa inhibitors)

38
Q

penicillamine is used to tx … toxicities

A

lead or copper

(also used to tx Wilson’s)

39
Q

Dimercaprol & Succimer are used to tx… toxicities.

A

Lead & Mercury (Dimercaprol & Succimer)

(Correct lead poisoning in PEDS: Penicillamine, calcium disodium EDTA, Dimercaprol, Succimer)

40
Q

Salicylate toxicity tx (2)

A
  1. NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine)
  2. dialysis

(NaHCO3 also used for TCA toxicity - stabilizes cardiac cell membrane)

41
Q

SIADH can be caused by which 4 Rx?

“Can’t Concentrate Serum Sodium”

A
  • Carbamazepine
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • SSRIs
42
Q

Massive hepatic necrosis can be caused by which 3 substances?

A
  • Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom)
  • Valproate
  • Acetaminophen

(“AVA caused liver death”)

43
Q

List the ABX that cover MRSA

“A Cleaning Van filled w/Taro ran over the Little Dog’s Back Toe”

A

Clindamycin (NOT a macrolide)
Vancomycin & -Vancin Rx
Ceftaroline (5th)
Linezolid (50S)
Doxycycline (a tetracylcin/50S)
Bactrim (aka TMP-SMX)
dapTOmycine/Tigecycline

(anything that covers MRSA, also covers gram +)

44
Q

List the ABX that cover anaerobes

(anaerobes love “CAMP MUCT(k)”)

A

Clindamycin (NOT a macrolide)
Augmentin
Metronidazole
Piperacillin/tazobactam
Moxifloxacin
Unasyn
Carbapenem
Tigecycline (covers ALL bacteria except pseudomonas)

45
Q

List the ABX that cover pseudomas

(“MAFIA Pseudomonas Challenges Clinicians”)

A

Meropenem
Aztreonam
Fluoroquinolones (not Moxi)
Imipenem
Aminoglycosides
Piperacillin/tazopactam (also covers anaerobes)
Cefepime (4th)
Ceftazidime (3rd)

46
Q

List the ABX that cover atypical bacteria

(“Atypicals are FAT basTards”)

A
  • Fluroquinolones (Moxi)
  • Azithromycin/Macrolides
  • Tetracyclines (30S)
  • Tigecycline (covers ALL except pseudomonas)
47
Q

List the ABX that have broad gram negative bacterial coverage

A

Aminoglycosides

48
Q

Which Rx are included in the Glycopeptide class of ABX

(PLANIN’ a trip to POSITIVE town in my VAN)

A
  • VANcomy-CIN
  • Dalba-VAN-CIN
  • Ramo-PLANIN

(glycopeptides cover gram positives)

49
Q

List the ABX classes that cover both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

A
  1. Cephalosporins
  2. Tetracyclines
  3. Penicillins
  4. Sulfonamides
  5. Fluoroquinolones
  6. Carbapenems
50
Q

Which ABX classes inhibit bacterial protein synthesis?

A
  • Glycylcycline (Tigecycline)
  • Macrolides
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Tetracyclines

(“Get on the G(iam) MAT to build protein”, all others inhibit cell wall synthesis except for Fluoro’s & Sulfonamides)

51
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

inhibit FOlate synthesis (block PABA)

52
Q

5 classes of 50S inhibitors

A
  1. Chloramphenicol
  2. Clindamycin (NOT a macrolide)
  3. Linezolid
  4. Macrolides
  5. Streptogramins (-pristin)
53
Q

3 classes of 30S inhibitors

(“TAG team”)

A
  1. Tetracylcine
  2. Aminoglycosides (“3 Amigos”)
  3. Glycycline (Tigecycline)

Dirty Medicine (1 decks)

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