Pharmacology Flashcards
Therapeutic index
indicates the range of doses at which a medication is both effective and safe
What are the four types of drug-drug interactions?
addition, antagonism, potentiation, and synergism
How does grape juice inhibit the effects of a medication?
- it inhibits an enzyme called CYP3A4 and can decrease the metabolism of the drugs, which can lead to an excess amount of the medication
- alprazolam, atorvastatin, amiodarone, calcium channel blockers, and carbamazepine
Mixing warfarin with what food can diminish its effects?
green, leafy vegetables which are rich in vitamin K
What are ACE inhibitors? Give examples.
- they are used to treat hypertension, congestive heart failure, post-myocardial infarction
- benazepril, captopril, lisinopril (-prils)
What are ARBs? Give examples.
- same as ACE inhibitors: hypertension, CHF, post-myocardial infarction
- candesartan, losartan, valsartan (-artans)
What are antiarrhythmic agents? Give examples.
- to treat abnormal heart rhythm due to atrial and ventricular fibrillation
- amiodarone, flecainide, quinidine
What are anticoagulants? Give examples.
- mostly known as blood thinners that prevent the formation of blood clots
- eliquis, xarelto, heparin
What are antiplatelet agents? Give examples.
- prevent platelets from sticking together, which reduces the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke, or angina
- aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor
What are beta-blockers? Give examples.
- used to treat hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias
- metoprolol, carvedilol, propranolol (-o/-lol)
What are calcium channel blockers (CCBs)? Give examples.
- used to treat hypertension, angina, arrhythmias
- amlodipine, felodipine, diltiazem
What are cardiac glycosides? Give examples.
- used to treat CHF and arrhythmias
- digoxin
What are cholesterol-lowering drugs? Give examples.
- used to treat hypercholesterolemia, reduce risk of recurrent myocardial infarction or stroke, and reduce recurrent angina
- different subtypes: bile acid sequestrants, fibric acids, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, Omega-3 fatty acids, and Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9)
What are diuretics? Give examples.
- used to enhance diuresis to alleviate edema-related hypertension
- bumetanide, furosemide, hydrochlorthiazide
What are vasodilators? Give examples.
- used to treat angina, hypertension, CHF
- hydralazine, nitroglycerin, nitroprusside (nitrates)
