Pharmacology

Question 1

Acetaminophen antidote?

Answer 1

Antidote: acetylcysteine

Question 2

Benzodiazepines antidote?

Answer 2

Flumazenil

Question 3

Cyanide poisoning antidote?

Answer 3

Methylene blue

Question 4

Digitalis antidote?

Answer 4

Digoxin immune FAB

Question 5

Ethylene poisoning antidote?

Answer 5

Fomepizole

Question 6

Heparin and enoxaparin antidote?

Answer 6

Protamine sulfate

Question 7

Iron antidote?

Answer 7

Deferoxamine

Question 8

Lead antidote?

Answer 8

Succimer

Question 9

Magnesium sulfate antidote?

Answer 9

Calcium gluconate

Question 10

Narcotics antidote?

Answer 10

Naloxone

Question 11

Warfarin antidote?

Answer 11

Phytonadione (vitamin K )

Question 12

Drug to avoid with asthma ?

Answer 12

Beta blockers

Question 13

Drug to avoid with liver disease ?

Answer 13

Warfarin

Question 14

Drug to avoid with renal failure ?

Answer 14

NSAIDs

Question 15

what’s “PRIL” for and give examples and side effect?

Answer 15

Lower BP
ACE Inhibitors/hypertension,CHF
Enalapril, captopril, lisinopril
side effect: dry cough/monitor BP

Question 16

what’s “SARTAN” for and give examples and monitor for?

Answer 16

Lower BP
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)–>antihypertensives/DM neuropathy, CHF
Losartan, Olmesartan
monitor bp, fluid, renal and liver status

Question 17

what’s LOL for and examples

Answer 17

Lowers HR and BP
Beta Blockers/antihypertensive
atenolol, metoprolol, esmolol, propanolol

Question 18

what’s -MIL/DIPINE and monitor for what

Answer 18

Lowers BP and HR
Calcium channel blockers/anti-hypertensive/angina
Amlodipine, nifedipine, verapamil, cardizem
monitor: dizziness, GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA, reflex tachicardia
interacts w/ grapefruit juice

Question 19

what’s IDE and examples

Answer 19

Diuretics

Question 20

mention 2 arterial and venous dilators

Answer 20

hydralazine (arterial) and nitroglycerin (arterial and venous)

Question 21

what’s atropine used for and in what patient can’t be used?

Answer 21

antiarrhytmic/anticholinergic
used for excessive secretions, sinus bradycardia, and heart block
monitor: avoid in clients w/ glaucoma

Question 22

what are sodium channel blockers and provide examples

Answer 22

used for dysrhythmias–>slows impulse conduction and delays depolarization.
monitor: diarrhea, SLE-like syndrome
-procainamide, lidocaine

Question 23

what are potassium channel blockers and examples

Answer 23

Prevent repolarization, decreases myocardial excitability and interferes with other excitatory pathways (beta receptors, Na, Ca)
Amiodarone, ibutilide

Question 24

examples of Calcium channel blockers that act on the heart and blood vessels

Answer 24

verapamil,diltiazem
used in Hipertension, angina, dyssrit, A-FIB/FLUTTER!!!

Question 25

what’s adenosine used for and what happens after administration
?

Answer 25

(SVT)-supraventrincular tachycardia
There will be a period of asystole after administration
Rapid push - or it will not work.

Question 26

what’s digoxin used for

Answer 26

Lowers HR
Cardiac Glycoside
Heart failure, a-fib, a-flutter, CHF, cardiogenic shock
Increases contractility (how strong the heart pumps), and decreases the rate (how fast the heart beats).

Question 27

terapeutic range of digoxin and toxicity symptoms

Answer 27

0.5-2ng/ml
● Early signs/symptoms: ○ Nausea & vomiting
○ Anorexia
○ Vision changes - yellow/green halos
● Late signs/symptoms
○ Bradycardia → arrhythmias

Question 28

when should you HOLD digoxin use?

Answer 28

if the pulse is less than 60

Question 29

What’s the role of diuretics?

Answer 29

Lowers BP
potassium wasting & sparing