Pharmacology Flashcards
Two dopamine receptor agonist that can treat hyperprolactinemia are _ and _
Two dopamine receptor agonists that can treat hyperprolactinemia are cabergoline and bromocriptine
_ is a D2 receptor agonist that can be used to treat excess GH
Cabergoline is a D2 receptor agonist that can be used to treat excess GH
Pegvisomant is a _ that is used to treat GH excess
Pegvisomant is a GH receptor antagonist that is used to treat GH excess
The receptor on which octreotide binds is located in the _
The receptor on which octreotide binds is located in the anterior pituitary
* Somatostatin analog
The target for pegvisomant is located on the _
The target for pegvisomant is located on the liver
* Pegvisomant is a competitive GH receptor antagonist; it does not change the release of GH itself
_ is used in primary adrenal insufficiency to replace mineralocorticoids
Fludrocortisone is used in primary adrenal insufficiency to replace mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
In both primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency, we use _ or _ to replace glucocorticoids
In both primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency, we use hydrocortisone or prednisone to replace glucocorticoids
Glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitors like _ , _ , or _ can be used to treat primary hypercortisolism
Glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitors like ketoconazole , metyrapone , or mitotane can be used to treat primary hypercortisolism
_ is one of the glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitors that inhibits androgen synthesis and decreases libido and causes ED
Ketoconazole is one of the glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitors that inhibits androgen synthesis and decreases libido and causes ED
Primary hyperaldosteronism can be treated with _ or _
Primary hyperaldosteronism can be treated with eplerenone or spironolactone
Secondary hyperaldosteronism is treated with _ or _
Secondary hyperaldosteronism is treated with ACE inhibitors or ARBs
Thionamides like PTU and methimazole work by inhibiting _
Thionamides like PTU and methimazole work by inhibiting organification of iodine by TPO
_ is used during the first trimester of pregnancy, _ is used for the 2nd and 3rd trimester
PTU is used during the first trimester of pregnancy, methimazole is used for the 2nd and 3rd trimester
Increased ingestion of iodine can lead to increased oxidized iodine that inhibits TPO from producing more thyroid homrone; this is called _ effect
Increased ingestion of iodine can lead to increased oxidized iodine that inhibits TPO from producing more thyroid homrone; this is called Wolff-Chaikoff Effect
_ is a class of medications that act as osteoclast inhibitors to treat hypercalcemia
Bisphosphonates is a class of medications that act as osteoclast inhibitors to treat hypercalcemia
* Alendronate, ibandronate, risedronate
Sulfonylureas are drugs that stimulate insulin release via _
Sulfonylureas are drugs that stimulate insulin release via closing ATP-gated K+ channels and depolarizing beta cells –> triggers a release of insulin
The first generation sulfonyureas are _ and _
The first generation sulfonyureas are Chlorpropamide and Tolbutamide
* End in “mide”
The second generation sulfonylureas are _ , _ , _
The second generation sulfonylureas are Glimepiride , Glipizide , Glyburide
* end in “ride”
Side effects of the sulfonylureas are _ and _
Side effects of the sulfonylureas are weight gain and hypoglycemia
“-gliptin” drugs are _
-gliptin” drugs are DPP-4 inhibitors
* Linagliptin, Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin
* They decrease the DDP-4 activation of GLP-1
* Increase GLP-1 activity
DDP-4 inhibitors _ GLP-1
DDP-4 inhibitors increase GLP-1 activity
DDP-4 inhibitors are weight neutral but can cause _
DDP-4 inhibitors are weight neutral but can cause urinary tract infections
_ and _ are GLP-1 agonists
Exenatide and Liraglutide are GLP-1 agonists
