Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FMGE > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of bioavailability?

A

It is the fraction of given dose that reaches the systemic circulation in an unchanged form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which factors affect bio availability?

A

Absorption and first pass metabolism.
If absorption is more by availability, will be more at first past metabolism is more bio availability will be less and vice versa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does AUC(area under graph) tells us about plasma, concentration versus time graph?

A

Tells us extent of absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acidic drug binds to which protein and basic drugs bind to which protein?

A

Acid drugs, bind to albumin and basic drugs, buy into alpha1 acid glycoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which drugs are acidic?

A

Aspirin and barbiturates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How to remember that drug is basic?

A

All the drugs that ends with ‘ine’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dialysis is done for which drugs?

A

M- methanol
L- lithium
A- aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the formula for volume of distribution? (Vd)

A

Vd = amount given /plasma, concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How to calculate maintenance dose?

A

MD = clearance x target plasma, concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most common reaction in phase 1 reaction of metabolism ?

A

Oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common reaction phase to metabolic reactions?

A

Glucuronidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name enzyme inducer drugs?

A

G - Griseofulvin
P - Phenytoin
R - Rifampicin
S - Smoking
Cell - Carbamazepine
Phone - Phenobarbitone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the drugs that are enzyme inhibitors.

A

Vit - Valproate
K - Ketoconazole
Can’t - Cimetidine
Cause - Ciprofloxacin
Enzyme - Erythromycin
Inhibition - Isoniazid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which are the drugs that act on CYP3A4?

A

C - Cyclosporine
T - Tacrolimus
S - Statins
C - CAT (Cisapride, Astemizole & Terfenadine)
A - Amiodarone
N - Navirs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Drugs that act in CYP2D6

A

2 - Beta blockers
D - antidepressants.
6 - Anti arrhythmic except Amiodarone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which anti-arrhythmic drug do not act on CYP2D6 enzyme?

A

Amiodarone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Drugs that act on CYP2C19

A

Clopidogrel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Drugs that can on CYP2C9

A

Warfarin
Heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why are PPI avoided with clopidogrel?

A

Because Roton pump and bitters inactivate the enzyme CYP2C19 which makes the clopidogrel active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If there is poisoning of weak acid in the body such as aspirin, what is the non invasive treatment to be given?

A

We should make the urine alkaline by adding NaHCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is there is weak base poisoning in the body such as an amphetamine overdose. what is the non invasive treatments to be done?

A

We should make the urine acidic by giving NH4Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which drug prolongs the action of penicillin by inhibiting tubular secretion?

A

Probenecid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Half-life is constant in which order kinetics?

A

First order Kennett

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How to calculate half-life (T1/2)?

A

0.693/k
Where k= Cl/Vd
So, t1/2= 0.693 X Vd/Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Majority of drugs follow of which order kinetics?

A

First order kinetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Name the drugs that follow zero order kinetics

A

Zero - zero order kinetics
W - Warfarin
A - Alcohol/Aspirin
T - Theophylline
T - Tolbutamide
Power - Phenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Lineweaver Burke plot also known as

A

Double reciprocal plot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

If the lines intersect at X axis it is which type of inhibition?

A

Competitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

If the lines are intersecting at Y axis, which type of inhibition is it?

A

Noncompetitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the shape of log dose response curve?

A

Sigmoid shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In log DRC which drug is more potent and which is more efficacious?

A

H - height tells about
E - efficacy
L - left side drugs are more
P - potent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How to calculate therapeutic index of a drug?

A

LD50/ED50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which application is to be submitted for starting clinical trials for a drug?

A

INDA(in investigational new drug application)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

In which phase of clinical trials, is it done in healthy individuals

A

Phase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Essy cannot be tested in which phase of clinical trials?

A

Phase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the main aim of phase 1 of clinical trials

A

To know the MTD

37
Q

For the first time the study is done in patience, in which phase of clinical trial?

A

Phase 2

38
Q

Efficacy is tested for the first time in which phase of clinical trial?

A

Phase 2

39
Q

Which study is single blind study?

A

Phase 2

40
Q

Which phase is done in patient in a large number in clinical trials of a drug

A

Phase 3

41
Q

Confirmation of efficacy is done in which phase of clinical trial for a drug?

A

Phase 3

42
Q

Which is double blind study in clinical trial phases?

A

Phase 3

43
Q

What is done in phase 4 of clinical trials for a drug?

A

Post marketing studies, and to know rare and long-term side effects

44
Q

What is done in phase 0 of clinical trials? is it mandatory?

A

It is a microdozzing study and it is not mandatory

45
Q

Given example of schedule X and X category drugs .

A

Schedule X - narcotics and psychotropic drugs, such as ketamine
X category - teratogenic drugs, such as thalidomide

46
Q

Which drugs are safe in pregnancy for hypertension?

A

Labetalol and methyldopa

47
Q

Which drugs are to be avoided in pregnancy for hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitors and ARBs

48
Q

Which anticoagulants are safe in pregnancy and contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

Heparin can be given, and warfarin is contraindicated

49
Q

Which drugs are safe in pregnancy for bipolar disorders, in which are to be avoided?

A

Antipsychotics are safe, but valproate is contraindicated and lithium should be avoided

50
Q

Which anti-thyroid drugs are safe in a pregnant woman, and are to be avoided?

A

Carbimazole is safe and pregnancy and carbazole is contraindicated during first trimester of pregnancy

51
Q

Which antimicrobials are saved during pregnancy? Which antimicrobial drugs are avoided during pregnancy?

A

Penicillin, cephalosporin, and macrolides are safe
Tetracyclines, Quinolones and aminoglycosides are contraindicated

52
Q

Which an epileptic drug is safe in pregnancy?

A

Levetiracetam and Lamitrigine

53
Q

Which anti-epic drug is to be avoided in pregnancy?

A

Valproate

54
Q

What is the location of alpha one adrenergic receptor in the body? What are their actions?

A

Blood vessels - constriction of blood vessel
Eye - mydriasis(dilation of the pupil)
Prostatic urethra - decrease urine outflow

55
Q

Where are alpha two adrenergic receptors present in the body and what are their function?

A

Please sign, epic, receptor and act as a break to sympathetic system

56
Q

Where are beta 1 adrenergic receptors present in the body? And what are their functions?

A

Heart - increase heart rate and blood pressure
JG cells - renin secretion

57
Q

Where is beta 2 adrenergic receptor present in the body?

A

Blood vessels
Lungs
GIT system
Bladder
Glands
Uterus
Skeletal muscle
Liver

58
Q

What is the function of beta to receptor in lungs?

A

Bronchodilation

59
Q

What is the function of beta to receptor in GIT?

A

Constipation

60
Q

What is the function of beta to receptors in bladder and glands?

A

Decreases urine, outflow, and decreases secretion from the glands

61
Q

What is the function of beta to receptor on uterus?

A

It acts as a tocolytic(anti-contraction)

62
Q

What is the function of beta to receptor on blood vessels?

A

Vasodilation

63
Q

What is the function of beta to receptors on skeletal muscle spindle?

A

Cause tremor

64
Q

What is the action of beta 2 receptor on liver?

A

Increases blood sugar

65
Q

What is the effect of alpha 1and beta 2 in blood vessels?

A

Alpha 1 causes vasoconstriction and beta 2 causes vasodilation

66
Q

What are the warning symptoms of hypoglycemia? They are seen by which receptors.

A

Tachycardia(B1)
Palpitations (B1)
Tremors (B2)
Sweating (M3)

67
Q

Why are beta blockers contraindicated in diabetic patient?

A

Because they can cause masking of warning, symptoms, and prevent reversal of hypoglycemia

68
Q

Which is the only reliable symptom of hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient who is on beta blocker medication ?

A

Sweating

69
Q

Which urgent drug acts by inhibiting reuptake of nor adrenaline

A

Cocaine

70
Q

All local anesthetic causes vasodilation, except which?

A

Cocaine

71
Q

What is the action of cocaine on blood vessels and blood pressure?

A

It causes voc, construction and hypertension

72
Q

Which addictive drug shows, tactile, hallucination, and scratching of skin as present as a clinical feature?

A

Cocaine
Scratching marks are because of hallucination cocaine bugs

73
Q

A patient seems agitated, have ulcers or stretch marks on the skin and have tachycardia hypertension. What is he overdosed on?

A

Cocaine

74
Q

Cocaine overdose is characterized by which symptoms?

A

Agitation
Ulcers or scratch marks on the skin
Sympathetic symptoms, such as tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis

75
Q

Name six type of catecholamines

A

Adrenaline
Nor adrenaline
Dopamine
Dobutamine
Isoprenaline
Fenoldopam

76
Q

What is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock?

A

Adrenaline

77
Q

What is the concentration of adrenaline in anaphylactic shock?

A

1:1000(0.5ml)

78
Q

Which drug is useful in case of cardiac arrest

A

Adrenaline

79
Q

What is the concentration of adrenaline in a case of cardiac arrest patient

A

1:10000

80
Q

What is the drug of choice for septic shock?

A

Nor adrenaline

81
Q

Nor adrenaline is the drug of choice, for which shock

A

Septic shock

82
Q

Drug of choice for oliguria + shock

A

Dopamine

83
Q

Dobutamine is used for which heart condition?

A

Chronic heart failure

84
Q

Which catecholamine drug is used for hypertensive emergencies

A

Fenoldopam

85
Q

Which catecholamine increases systolic, blood pressure decreases diastolic blood pressure

A

Isoprenaline

86
Q

Jet black discoloration of the tongue is seen with which substance?

A

Cocaine

87
Q

How to remember beta blockers?

A

All drugs ending with ‘lol’

88
Q

Adrenaline apps on which receptors ?

A

Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, beta 2

FMGE (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions