Pharmacology

Question 1

Define Pharmacology

Answer 1

Study of chemical interaction within the body. Biomed science

Question 2

Difference between Medication and Drug

Answer 2

Medication refers to a substance used to treat an illness or injury
Drug is a substance that produces physiologic effect

Question 3

First Regulation on Medications

Answer 3

Pure Food and Drug Act 1906

Question 4

Who is responsible for approving new meds and removing unsafe meds?

Answer 4

FDA

Question 5

What 4 things are considered with Drug storage

Answer 5

Light
Moisture
Temperature
Shelf life

Question 6

What is Tall man lettering used for?

Answer 6

To prevent confusion

Question 7

What is the Official standard for Drug information?

Answer 7

US Pharmacopeia

Question 8

Define Pharmacodynamics

Answer 8

Administered, begins to alter functions in the body

Question 9

Define Pharmacokinetics

Answer 9

Actions of the body on the medication

Question 10

How are most drugs eliminated?

Answer 10

Through Urine

Question 11

Explain Agonist medications

Answer 11

Initiate or alter cellular activity binding to receptor sites and prompting cellular response

Question 12

Explain Antagonist medications

Answer 12

Meds prevent endogenous chemicals from reaching receptor sites

Question 13

Explain Affinity

Answer 13

Force of attraction between drug & receptor site

Question 14

What are Endogenous chemicals?

Answer 14

Chemicals that occur naturally within the body

Question 15

What are Exogenous chemicals?

Answer 15

Chemicals or meds that occur outside the body

Question 16

Explain Potency

Answer 16

Highly potent drugs require less of a dose to have a strong effect and vice versa with lower potency drugs

Question 17

What is the Efficacy of a drug?

Answer 17

The extent a drug can produce a response when all receptor sites are occupied

Question 18

Meds distribute into what primary 3 types of body substances?

Answer 18

Water soluable
Lipids/fat
Protein (Liver)

Question 19

How to convert lbs to Kilo’s

Answer 19

1. Divide pt’s weight in lbs by half
2. Subtract 10% of that number
   e.g. 180/2 = 90 - 10% (*9) = 81 kg

Question 20

LD50

Answer 20

Median Lethal Dose

Question 21

TD50

Answer 21

Median Toxic Dose

Question 22

ED50

Answer 22

Median Effective Dose

Question 23

What is Cross Tolerance

Answer 23

Tolerance to drugs in the same class

Question 24

What is Medication interference?

Answer 24

Undesirable interactions between medications

Question 25

What is Potentiation?

Answer 25

Presence of one medication greatly enhanced by presence of another medication

Question 26

Define Bioavailability

Answer 26

Percentage of unchanged medication that reaches systemic circulation

Question 27

What is the major consideration of Oral medications efficacy?

Answer 27

PO meds are subjected to first pass metabolism

Question 28

What route provides 100% bioavailability?

Answer 28

IV

Question 29

What route provides near 100% bioavailability?

Answer 29

IN

Question 30

What is the leading cause of disease transmission in the healthcare setting?

Answer 30

Needlesticks

Question 31

What are the three barriers Drugs pass through?

Answer 31

Blood Brain Barrier Blood Testes Blood Placenta

Question 32

Define Half-life

Answer 32

Time needed for an average person to metabolize the drug, or eliminate 50%

Question 33

RICE Acronym

Answer 33

Right Indication/Color, Content, Clarity/Expiration

Question 34

What do alpha agents cause?

Answer 34

Vasoconstriction

Question 35

Cardiac Medication Class 1

Answer 35

Slows movement of Na+ in cardiac cells (e.g. Procainamide, Lidocaine)

Question 36

Cardiac Medication Class 2

Answer 36

Beta-adrenergic blockers

Question 37

Cardiac Medication Class 3

Answer 37

Prolongs absolute refractory period (e.g. Amiodarone)

Question 38

Cardiac Medication Class 4

Answer 38

Calcium Channel Blockers`

Question 39

Cardiac Medication Class 5

Answer 39

Adenosine

Question 40

What receptors in the body dictate the release of Epinephrine?

Answer 40

Baroreceptors

Question 41

S/S of Hyperkalemia

Answer 41

Generalized fatigue, Weakness, Paresthesis, Paralysis, Palpitations, Hypotension