Pharmacology Flashcards
Define Pharmacology
Study of chemical interaction within the body. Biomed science
Difference between Medication and Drug
Medication refers to a substance used to treat an illness or injury
Drug is a substance that produces physiologic effect
First Regulation on Medications
Pure Food and Drug Act 1906
Who is responsible for approving new meds and removing unsafe meds?
FDA
What 4 things are considered with Drug storage
Light
Moisture
Temperature
Shelf life
What is Tall man lettering used for?
To prevent confusion
What is the Official standard for Drug information?
US Pharmacopeia
Define Pharmacodynamics
Administered, begins to alter functions in the body
Define Pharmacokinetics
Actions of the body on the medication
How are most drugs eliminated?
Through Urine
Explain Agonist medications
Initiate or alter cellular activity binding to receptor sites and prompting cellular response
Explain Antagonist medications
Meds prevent endogenous chemicals from reaching receptor sites
Explain Affinity
Force of attraction between drug & receptor site
What are Endogenous chemicals?
Chemicals that occur naturally within the body
What are Exogenous chemicals?
Chemicals or meds that occur outside the body
Explain Potency
Highly potent drugs require less of a dose to have a strong effect and vice versa with lower potency drugs
What is the Efficacy of a drug?
The extent a drug can produce a response when all receptor sites are occupied
Meds distribute into what primary 3 types of body substances?
Water soluable
Lipids/fat
Protein (Liver)
How to convert lbs to Kilo’s
- Divide pt’s weight in lbs by half
- Subtract 10% of that number
e.g. 180/2 = 90 - 10% (*9) = 81 kg
LD50
Median Lethal Dose
TD50
Median Toxic Dose
ED50
Median Effective Dose
What is Cross Tolerance
Tolerance to drugs in the same class
What is Medication interference?
Undesirable interactions between medications
What is Potentiation?
Presence of one medication greatly enhanced by presence of another medication
Define Bioavailability
Percentage of unchanged medication that reaches systemic circulation
What is the major consideration of Oral medications efficacy?
PO meds are subjected to first pass metabolism
What route provides 100% bioavailability?
IV
What route provides near 100% bioavailability?
IN
What is the leading cause of disease transmission in the healthcare setting?
Needlesticks
What are the three barriers Drugs pass through?
Blood Brain Barrier
Blood Testes
Blood Placenta
Define Half-life
Time needed for an average person to metabolize the drug, or eliminate 50%
RICE Acronym
Right Indication/Color, Content, Clarity/Expiration
What do alpha agents cause?
Vasoconstriction
Cardiac Medication Class 1
Slows movement of Na+ in cardiac cells (e.g. Procainamide, Lidocaine)
Cardiac Medication Class 2
Beta-adrenergic blockers
Cardiac Medication Class 3
Prolongs absolute refractory period (e.g. Amiodarone)
Cardiac Medication Class 4
Calcium Channel Blockers`
Cardiac Medication Class 5
Adenosine
What receptors in the body dictate the release of Epinephrine?
Baroreceptors
S/S of Hyperkalemia
Generalized fatigue, Weakness, Paresthesis, Paralysis, Palpitations, Hypotension
