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Clinical Care > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenaline autoinjector: indication

A

Anaphylaxis
(Alpha + beta agonist to increase HR and CO, bronchodilation)

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2
Q

Adrenaline autoinjector: dose

A

> 6 years: 300mcg repeat once at 5 minutes if needed
1-6 years: 150mcg repeat once at 5 minutes if needed

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3
Q

Adrenaline autoinjector: side effects

A

Tachycardia / dysrhythmia
Dilated pupil
Tremor
Anxiety
Hypertension
N+V

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4
Q

Adrenaline autoinjector: precautions

A

Hypertension
Hypovolaemic shock

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5
Q

Adrenaline autoinjector: contraindications

A

Nil

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6
Q

Aspirin: indication

A

Acute coronary syndrome
Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
(Inhibits platelet aggregation)

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7
Q

Aspirin: dose

A

> 18 years: 300mg tablet (no repeat)

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8
Q

Aspirin: side effect

A

Allergy
Increased bleeding
GI upset
Bronchospasm
N+V

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9
Q

Aspirin: precaution

A

Pregnancy
Conditions requiring surgery

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10
Q

Aspirin: contraindication

A

Allergy
Peptic ulcer
<18 years
Non-cardiac chest pain

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11
Q

Fexofenadine: use

A

Local/mild allergic reaction
(Stabilises histamine)

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12
Q

Adrenaline autoinjector: onset

A

60s

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13
Q

Aspirin: onset

A

10min

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14
Q

Fexofenadine: onset

A

Up to 30mins

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15
Q

Fexofenadine: side effects

A

Headache
Drowsy
Nausea
Dry mouth

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16
Q

Fexofenadine: precaution

A

Pregnant or lactating

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17
Q

Fexofenadine: contraindication

A

Allergy
<12 years
Had in previous 24 hours

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18
Q

Fexofenadine: dose

A

> 12 years: 180mg PO (no repeat)

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19
Q

Glucagon: indication

A

Symptomatic hypoglycaemia where unable to use oral
(Converts glycogen to glucose)

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20
Q

Glucagon: onset

A

Up to 7 minutes

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21
Q

Glucagon: dose

A

<12Kg: 0.5mg IM (no repeat)
>25Kg: 1mg IM (no repeat)

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22
Q

Glucagon: side effect

A

GI upset
Allergy

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23
Q

Glucagon: precaution

A

Elderly with heart disease

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24
Q

Glucagon: contraindication

A

Allergy

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25
Q

How do you prepare glucagon?

A

Add water to powder vial
Dissolve
Draw dose

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26
Q

Why might glucagon not work?

A

If patient does not have glycogen stores e.g. alcoholic, post-octal, child

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27
Q

Glucose gel: indication

A

Symptomatic hypoglycaemia
(Provide glucose)

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28
Q

Glucose gel: onset

A

<15min

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29
Q

Glucose gel: dose

A

<2 years: small amount on finger rubbed in gums/cheeks (no repeats)
>2 years: 15g PO repeat once after 15 minutes

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30
Q

Glucose gel: side effect

A

Encephalopathy in low thiamine alcoholic

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31
Q

Glucose gel: precaution

A

Alcoholic, low thiamine

32
Q

Glucose gel: contraindication

A

ALOC
Altered gag reflex

33
Q

Glyceryl trinitrate: indication

A

Acute coronary syndrome
(Dilates coronary arteries + other vessels)

34
Q

Glyceryl trinitrate: onset

A

<2mins

35
Q

Glyceryl trinitrate: dose

A

> 18 years: 1 spray SL repeat every 5 minutes if needed

36
Q

Glyceryl trinitrate: side effect

A

Headache
Hypotension
Flushed
Tachycardia
Dizzy

37
Q

Glyceryl trinitrate: precaution

A

Inferior MI
Erectile dysfunction meds in previous 4 days
Cerebral vascular disease
Risk hypotension and syncope

38
Q

Glyceryl trinitrate: contraindication

A

Allergy
<100 mmHg systolic
HR <50 or >150
<18 years
Erectile dysfunction meds in previous 4 days
Head trauma or CVA

39
Q

Ibuprofen: indication

A

Moderate pain 2-6 or pain from tissue injury and inflammation
(Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis)

40
Q

Ibuprofen: onset

A

Up to 30mins

41
Q

Ibuprofen: dose

A

12-65 years: 400mg PO (no repeat)

42
Q

Ibuprofen: side effect

A

GI upset
N+V
Renal impairment
Allergy

43
Q

Ibuprofen: precaution

A

History of GI issues
Liver dysfunction
Asthma

44
Q

Ibuprofen: contraindication

A

<12 years or >65 years
Allergy
Current ulcer or GI bleed
Dehydrated or hypovolaemic
Renal impairment
Pregnant
Heart failure
Anticoagulant, ACE or diuretic medications
Not had NSAID before

45
Q

Methoxyflurane: indication

A

Moderate pain 2-6 that is unresponsive to other methods
(Inhibits excitatory brain activity: hypnotic + amnesiac)

46
Q

Methoxyflurane: onset

A

Up to 3 mins

47
Q

Methoxyflurane: dose

A

1-16 years: 3ml inhaler (no repeats)
>16 years: 3ml inhaler repeat once after 20 minutes if needed

48
Q

Methoxyflurane: side effect

A

Amnesia
GI upset
ALOC
Renal damage

49
Q

Methoxyflurane: precaution

A

On drugs or alcohol
Renal damage in high doses

50
Q

Methoxyflurane: contraindication

A

MH history
ALOC
Eclamptic
Severe renal or liver impaired
<1 years
Allergy

51
Q

What extra care needs to be considered when using methoxyflurane?

A

Maximum weekly dose for any patient or crew is 15ml per week
Do not use in confined space
Maximum daily use for crew member is 2 doses

52
Q

Oxygen: precaution

A

COPD
Paraquat poisoning
Bleomycin lung injury
Neonate
Reduced liver function
GI obstruction

53
Q

Oxygen: contraindication

A

Long QT
<2 years
On apomorphine treatment

54
Q

Oxygen: dose

A

Titrate to achieve SpO2 as per condition

55
Q

Paracetamol: indication

A

Mild pain 1-3
Fever >38.5

56
Q

Paracetamol: onset

A

Up to 1 hour

57
Q

Paracetamol: dose

A

1month-16 years: 15mg/Kg elixir (no repeat)
7-12 years: 250-500mg PO (no repeat)
>12 years: 500mg-1000mg PO (no repeat)

58
Q

Paracetamol: side effect

A

Nausea

59
Q

Paracetamol: contraindication

A

Allergy
Less than 1 month old

60
Q

Paracetamol: precaution

A

Renal or liver issues
Prolonged use >3 days adult or >2 days paed

61
Q

Salbutamol: indication

A

Bronchospasm
(Beta 2 agonist - bronchodilation)

62
Q

Salbutamol: onset

A

Up to 5 mins

63
Q

Salbutamol: dose

A

1-5 years: 4 sprays MDI repeat every 4 minutes as needed; 2.5mg NEB
>6 years: 4 sprays MDI repeat every 4 minutes as needed; 5mg NEB

64
Q

Salbutamol: side effect

A

Anxiety
Tachycardia
Tremor
Nausea
High potassium / metabolic acidosis

65
Q

Salbutamol: precaution

A

IHD
APO

66
Q

Salbutamol: contraindication

A

Allergy
<1 years

67
Q

How should you use an MDI?

A

With a spacer using 4x4x4 method:
1 spray then 4 breaths - repeat for 4 sprays - wait 4 minutes and repeat if needed

68
Q

What should you assess following drug administration?

A

Primary and secondary survey

69
Q

What consideration should be given to oral route?

A

Can they swallow
Adequate fluid

70
Q

What consideration should be given to inhaled route?

A

Appropriate TV
Care in confined space

71
Q

What consideration should be given to nebulised route?

A

Appropriate TV
Patient needs to actually breath the dose for it to work

72
Q

What sites are appropriate for IM injection?

A

Deltoid (between acromion process and deltoid tuberosity)
Vastus lateralis muscle (between lateral femur condyle and greater trochanter)

73
Q

What is the Z track method?

A

Pulling skin aside prior to an IM injection to ensure dose cannot leak out of subcutaneous space via the injection pathway

74
Q

How do you perform an IM injection?

A

PPE and sharps care
Clean skin
Z track method
Insert needle like a dart
Aspirate and inject
Remove

75
Q

How do you use an epipen?

A

Remove cap
Blue end to the sky
Form a fist around the middle of the pen
Push to thigh for 3 seconds until it clicks
Release

Clinical Care (2 decks)

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