Pharmacology Flashcards
Mechanism of action of glimepiride
Stimulates insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells; reduces glucose output from the liver; insulin sensitivity is increased at peripheral target sites
Vd and half life of metformin
650 ± 400 L (partitions into erythrocytes; concentrates in liver, kidney, and GI tract)
6 hours
Mechanism of action of linagliptin
Inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) enzyme, which inactivate incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, which increase insulin secretion and decrease glucagon secretion
Effects of insulin on the liver
Stimulates hepatic glycogen synthesis and promotes fatty acid synthesis, releasing them as lipoproteins into circulation
Effects of insulin on skeletal muscle
Enhances protein and glycogen synthesis
Effects of insulin on adipose tissue
Facilitates triglyceride synthesis and storage, inhibits triglyceride hydrolysis, and processes circulating lipoproteins for fatty acids and storage
What is the mechanism of action of hydralazine?
Directly dilates arterioles by inhibiting calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and blocking myosin phosphorylation in arterial smooth muscle cells
What is the mechanism of action of diltiazem?
Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization
What is the mechanism of action of metoprolol?
Selectively and competitively inhibits β₁-adrenergic receptors
What is the mechanism of action of doxazosin?
Competitively inhibits postsynaptic α₁-adrenergic receptors which results in vasodilation of veins and arterioles
What is the primary location and function of the beta receptors (β₁, β₂, β₃)?
β₁: Heart, increases heart rate, contractility, AV conduction
β₂: Bronchial and peripheral vascular smooth muscle, bronchodilates and vasodilates
β₃: Adipose tissue, mediates catecholamine-induced thermogenesis
