Pharmacology

Question 1

What are the 3 subcutaneous insulin injections?

Answer 1

Lisprin
Insulin
Glargine

Question 2

What increases insulin release?

Answer 2

glucose, sulfonylureas, M-agonists, β2-agonists

Question 3

Which insulin is peakless?

Answer 3

Glargine

Question 4

Sulfonylureas increase insulin release by…?

Answer 4

Block potassium channels in beta cells

Question 5

Second gen Sulfonylureas

Answer 5

Glipizide (↓ dose in hepatic dysfunction)
Glyburide (active metabolite, ↓ dose in renal dysfunction)

Question 6

Side effects of Sulfonylureas

Answer 6

Hypoglycemia
Weight gain
Drug interactions mainly with first-generation drugs →↑ hypoglycemia with cimetidine, insulin, salicylates, sulfonamides

Question 7

Mechanism of Acarbose?

Answer 7

inhibits α-glucosidase in brush borders of small intestine, decreasing carb absorption

Question 8

Thiazolidinediones drug names

Answer 8

Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone( pigs and rose zones)

Question 9

Mechanism of Thiazolidinediones

Answer 9

bind to nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activating receptors (PPARγ) involved in transcription of insulin-responsive genes

This leads to increased insulin receptors and decreases hepatic gluconeogenisis

Question 10

What is Exenatide?

Answer 10

It increases time of glp-1

Question 11

Side effects of Exenatide

Answer 11

nausea, hypoglycemia when used with oral sulfonylureas

Question 12

Sitagliptin and Other Gliptins do what

Answer 12

Inhibit inactivation of glp 1

Question 13

Canagliflozin and other gliflozins do what?

Answer 13

Blocks SGLT-2 in the proximal tubule, increasing glucose excretion

Question 14

Treatment of Hypercalcemia

Answer 14

fluid resuscitation

loop diuretics

Corticosteroides

Calcitonin

Intravenous Biophosphonates (pamidronate, zoledronate)

Question 15

Hyperphosphatemia is usually due to…

Answer 15

Bone related disease from chronic renal failure