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LPN Course > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

The FDA is responsible for what?

A

Federal Drug Administration Controlling and regulating the sale of drugs in the U.S

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2
Q

What does the DEA do?

A

Drug Enforcement Administration Regulates and controls the use of controlled substances .

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3
Q

What does JCAHO do?

A

Is accredited and inspects acute care facilities to ensure minimum standards are met.

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4
Q

What is phase I of clinical drug testing?

A

20-100 people who are healthy volunteers

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5
Q

What is phase II of clinical testing?

A

Drug given to people who have the disease or condition for which the drug is thought to be effective.

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6
Q

What is phase III of clinical testing?

A

Offers additional info on dosing and saftey.

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7
Q

What is drug idosyncrasy?

A

Term used to describe an unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug

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8
Q

What is synergic reaction?

A

Is when 2 drugs interact with each other and potentials thier combined effect.

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9
Q

What is additive drug reaction?

A

When a combined effect of 2 drugs is equal to the sum of each drug alone.

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10
Q

What is an antagonistic drug reaction?

A

When 1 drug interacts interferes with the action of another, causing a decrease in effect of one of the drugs.

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11
Q

What is drug food interaction?

A

Occurs when the absorption of the drug is impaired or enhanced by food.

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12
Q

What term is used to describe drugs by thier chemical name?

A

Generic

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13
Q

How do you distinguish brand name?

A

It is Capitolized and in parentheses.
Ex. (Pavabid)

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14
Q

How can you distinguish Generic name?

A

They are not capitalized. Also it is not covered under patent.

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15
Q

What is Pharmacotherapy?

A

Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease processes.

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16
Q

What is the action of opioid antagonist?

A

It competes with opioid pain med by binding to the cell receptors where the opioid would attach.

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17
Q

What does naxlone do? What is the brand name?

A

It reverses opioid overdose. It is inhaled.
(Narcan)

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18
Q

Which medications are narcotic analegesic?

A

Morphine

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19
Q

Which medications are nonnarcotic analgesics?

A

Aspirin, ibuprofen,

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20
Q

What medications are salicylate?

A

Aspirin, buffering, dolobid

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21
Q

Which medications are NSAIDS?

A

Ibuprofen, naproxen

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22
Q

What is Mefenamic?

A

Acute pain

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23
Q

What is Reffered pain?

A

Pain felt in a remote area from the site of origin.

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24
Q

What is Sumatripan for?

A

Treatment of acute migraine and cluster headaches

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25
Q

What do NSAIDs do?

A

Help block pain and inflammation

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26
Q

NSAIDs adverse reaction?

A

GI tract- Bleed, or possible ulceration

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27
Q

What medications are nonsalicylate analgesic?

A

Acetaminophen,

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28
Q

What’s agonist?

A

A drug is taken with another drug so 2 can be more effective than each would be alone

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29
Q

What’s antagonist?

A

A drug that makes another drug less effective

30
Q

CNS side effects

A

Agitation, hallucinations, confusion, delirium, disorientation, depression, drowsiness, sedation, decreased respiration, decreased circulation, dizziness and coma

31
Q

GI side effects

A

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, Constipation, diarrhea, ulcers, colitis

32
Q

Urinary system side effects

A

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance, abnormally high potassium levels, increased blood urea nitrogen levels

33
Q

Hematology system side effects

A

Decreased white blood cells,
Decreased red blood cells, Decreased platelets

34
Q

Med conversion

A

Dosage form over strength.
Ex. 1 tab/ 5mg

35
Q

Absorption

A

A drug moved from site of administration to body fluids

36
Q

Adverse reaction

A

Undesirable drug effect

37
Q

Allergic reaction

A

Hypersensitivity reaction by immune system.
Ex. Hives, itchy, swelling

38
Q

Anaphylaxis shock

A

Sudden, severe hypersensitivity reaction with symptoms that progress rapidly and may result in death if not treated

39
Q

Angioedema

A

Is localized wheals or swelling in subcutaneous tissue or mucus membranes

40
Q

Bioavailability

A

Proportion of drug available to body tissues when it reaches circulatory system

41
Q

Controlled substances

A

Drugs have the potential for abuse and dependency

42
Q

Cumulative drug effect

A

When body is unable to metabolize and excrete one dose of a drug before next is given

43
Q

Complementary/alternative medicine

A

Group of diverse medical practices or products not presently part of convential medicine.
Ex. Herbal meds, alternative therapy

44
Q

Distribution

A

Drug moves from circulation to body tissue or target site

45
Q

Drug tolerance

A

Decreased response to a drug, requiring increase dosage to achieve desired effect

46
Q

Excretion

A

Elimination of a drug from the body

47
Q

First-pass effect

A

Action by which an oral drug is absorbed and carried directly to the liver where it is inactivated by enzymes before it enters the general bloodstream

48
Q

Half-life

A

The time the body requires to eliminate 50% of a drug

49
Q

Hypersensitivity (allergice response)

A

Undesirable reaction produced by normal immune system

50
Q

Metabolism of drug

A

When a drug is changed to a form that can be excreted

51
Q

Nonprescription drugs

A

Obtainable without prescribed

52
Q

Pharmaceutic

A

Pertains to the phase during which a drug dissolve in the body

53
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Study of drug mechanisms that produce physiological changes in the body

54
Q

Physical dependency

A

Habitual use of a drug where negative physical withdrawl symptoms result from abrupt discontinuation

55
Q

Psychological dependency

A

Compulsion is craving to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience

56
Q

Receptors in pharmacology

A

Reactive site on the surface of a cell, when a drug binds to and interacts with the receptor and pharmacological response occurs

57
Q

Teratogen

A

Cause abnormal development of tge fetus leading to deformities

58
Q

Toxic

A

Poisonous or harmful

59
Q

Sulfamides

A

Sulfa drugs. Are antibacterial agents. Against bacteria

60
Q

Sulfamides treat?

A

Infections:
UTIs
Acute otitis
Ulcerative colitis
Bacterial skin and eye infections

61
Q

Sulfonamides
sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim)

A

Treats ear, urinary, resp., intestinal infections

62
Q

Sulfonamides
sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

A

Treats crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis by lowering inflammation in the body

63
Q

Penicillin

A

amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
Treats sinusitis, pneumonia, ear infection, bronchitis, UTI

64
Q

Cephalosporins

A

cefaxlor(Ceclor)
cefdinir (Omnicef)
cephalexin (Keflex)
Treats same infections as penicillin

65
Q

Antibacterial drugs, interfere with protein synthesis

A

doxycycline(Vibramycin), treats acne
azithromycin(Zithromax), treats bronchitis, pneumonia, STDs
erythromycin(Erythrocin)

66
Q

TB drugs

A

rifadin (RIF)
isoniazid (INH)
pyrazinamide (PZA)

67
Q

Antiviral drugs

A

oseltamivir (Tamiflu), treats influenza
acyclovir (Zovirax), treats chickenpox, herpes

68
Q

Antifungal drugs

A

fluconazole (Diflucan) Treats fungal meningitis, candida, cocci (valley fever)

69
Q

Adult vaccine

A

Tetanus, Diphtheria, pertussis, shingles, adjuvant flu vaccine

70
Q

lgM

A

Most common. Found in blood and lymph system. 1st antibody made in defense to fight infections

71
Q

lgA

A

Found in respiratory tract and digestive system. Found in saliva, tears, and breastmilk

72
Q

lgE

A

Found in white blood cells. Found when body overreact to an allergen or when fighting infection caused by parasite.

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