Pharmacology Flashcards
The FDA is responsible for what?
Federal Drug Administration Controlling and regulating the sale of drugs in the U.S
What does the DEA do?
Drug Enforcement Administration Regulates and controls the use of controlled substances .
What does JCAHO do?
Is accredited and inspects acute care facilities to ensure minimum standards are met.
What is phase I of clinical drug testing?
20-100 people who are healthy volunteers
What is phase II of clinical testing?
Drug given to people who have the disease or condition for which the drug is thought to be effective.
What is phase III of clinical testing?
Offers additional info on dosing and saftey.
What is drug idosyncrasy?
Term used to describe an unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug
What is synergic reaction?
Is when 2 drugs interact with each other and potentials thier combined effect.
What is additive drug reaction?
When a combined effect of 2 drugs is equal to the sum of each drug alone.
What is an antagonistic drug reaction?
When 1 drug interacts interferes with the action of another, causing a decrease in effect of one of the drugs.
What is drug food interaction?
Occurs when the absorption of the drug is impaired or enhanced by food.
What term is used to describe drugs by thier chemical name?
Generic
How do you distinguish brand name?
It is Capitolized and in parentheses.
Ex. (Pavabid)
How can you distinguish Generic name?
They are not capitalized. Also it is not covered under patent.
What is Pharmacotherapy?
Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease processes.
What is the action of opioid antagonist?
It competes with opioid pain med by binding to the cell receptors where the opioid would attach.
What does naxlone do? What is the brand name?
It reverses opioid overdose. It is inhaled.
(Narcan)
Which medications are narcotic analegesic?
Morphine
Which medications are nonnarcotic analgesics?
Aspirin, ibuprofen,
What medications are salicylate?
Aspirin, buffering, dolobid
Which medications are NSAIDS?
Ibuprofen, naproxen
What is Mefenamic?
Acute pain
What is Reffered pain?
Pain felt in a remote area from the site of origin.
What is Sumatripan for?
Treatment of acute migraine and cluster headaches
What do NSAIDs do?
Help block pain and inflammation
NSAIDs adverse reaction?
GI tract- Bleed, or possible ulceration
What medications are nonsalicylate analgesic?
Acetaminophen,
What’s agonist?
A drug is taken with another drug so 2 can be more effective than each would be alone
What’s antagonist?
A drug that makes another drug less effective
CNS side effects
Agitation, hallucinations, confusion, delirium, disorientation, depression, drowsiness, sedation, decreased respiration, decreased circulation, dizziness and coma
GI side effects
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, Constipation, diarrhea, ulcers, colitis
Urinary system side effects
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance, abnormally high potassium levels, increased blood urea nitrogen levels
Hematology system side effects
Decreased white blood cells,
Decreased red blood cells, Decreased platelets
Med conversion
Dosage form over strength.
Ex. 1 tab/ 5mg
Absorption
A drug moved from site of administration to body fluids
Adverse reaction
Undesirable drug effect
Allergic reaction
Hypersensitivity reaction by immune system.
Ex. Hives, itchy, swelling
Anaphylaxis shock
Sudden, severe hypersensitivity reaction with symptoms that progress rapidly and may result in death if not treated
Angioedema
Is localized wheals or swelling in subcutaneous tissue or mucus membranes
Bioavailability
Proportion of drug available to body tissues when it reaches circulatory system
Controlled substances
Drugs have the potential for abuse and dependency
Cumulative drug effect
When body is unable to metabolize and excrete one dose of a drug before next is given
Complementary/alternative medicine
Group of diverse medical practices or products not presently part of convential medicine.
Ex. Herbal meds, alternative therapy
Distribution
Drug moves from circulation to body tissue or target site
Drug tolerance
Decreased response to a drug, requiring increase dosage to achieve desired effect
Excretion
Elimination of a drug from the body
First-pass effect
Action by which an oral drug is absorbed and carried directly to the liver where it is inactivated by enzymes before it enters the general bloodstream
Half-life
The time the body requires to eliminate 50% of a drug
Hypersensitivity (allergice response)
Undesirable reaction produced by normal immune system
Metabolism of drug
When a drug is changed to a form that can be excreted
Nonprescription drugs
Obtainable without prescribed
Pharmaceutic
Pertains to the phase during which a drug dissolve in the body
Pharmacodynamics
Study of drug mechanisms that produce physiological changes in the body
Physical dependency
Habitual use of a drug where negative physical withdrawl symptoms result from abrupt discontinuation
Psychological dependency
Compulsion is craving to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience
Receptors in pharmacology
Reactive site on the surface of a cell, when a drug binds to and interacts with the receptor and pharmacological response occurs
Teratogen
Cause abnormal development of tge fetus leading to deformities
Toxic
Poisonous or harmful
Sulfamides
Sulfa drugs. Are antibacterial agents. Against bacteria
Sulfamides treat?
Infections:
UTIs
Acute otitis
Ulcerative colitis
Bacterial skin and eye infections
Sulfonamides
sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim)
Treats ear, urinary, resp., intestinal infections
Sulfonamides
sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
Treats crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis by lowering inflammation in the body
Penicillin
amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
Treats sinusitis, pneumonia, ear infection, bronchitis, UTI
Cephalosporins
cefaxlor(Ceclor)
cefdinir (Omnicef)
cephalexin (Keflex)
Treats same infections as penicillin
Antibacterial drugs, interfere with protein synthesis
doxycycline(Vibramycin), treats acne
azithromycin(Zithromax), treats bronchitis, pneumonia, STDs
erythromycin(Erythrocin)
TB drugs
rifadin (RIF)
isoniazid (INH)
pyrazinamide (PZA)
Antiviral drugs
oseltamivir (Tamiflu), treats influenza
acyclovir (Zovirax), treats chickenpox, herpes
Antifungal drugs
fluconazole (Diflucan) Treats fungal meningitis, candida, cocci (valley fever)
Adult vaccine
Tetanus, Diphtheria, pertussis, shingles, adjuvant flu vaccine
lgM
Most common. Found in blood and lymph system. 1st antibody made in defense to fight infections
lgA
Found in respiratory tract and digestive system. Found in saliva, tears, and breastmilk
lgE
Found in white blood cells. Found when body overreact to an allergen or when fighting infection caused by parasite.
