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Cohort 50 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Define Pharmacodynamics

A

The study of how a medication alters a function or process within the body

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2
Q

Define pharmacokinetics

A

The action of the body on a medication.

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3
Q

Endogenous chemicals

A

Produced from within the body

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4
Q

Exogenous chemicals

A

Produced outside the body

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5
Q

Agonist medications

A

Initiate or alter a cellular activity by attaching to receptor sites, prompting a cell response

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6
Q

Antagonist medications

A

Prevent endogenous or exogenous agonist chemicals from reaching cell receptor sites and initiating or altering a particular cellular activity.

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7
Q

Affinity

A

The ability of a medication to bind with a particular receptor site

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8
Q

LR
Other name

A

Hartmann

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9
Q

LR
Mechanism

A

Replace water and electrolytes

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10
Q

LR
Indicate

A

Hypovolemic shock
TKO line
Hypoperfusion

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11
Q

LR
Contra

A

Don’t use in pt w renal failure or heart failure

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12
Q

LR
Side affects

A

Rare

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13
Q

LR
Drug interactions

A

Few in emergency setting

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14
Q

LR
Adult dose

A

Hypovolemic shock- titrate to CTC response

Hypoperfusion- 20ml/kg over 15 min

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15
Q

LR
Pediatric dose

A

Hypovolemic shock- titrate to CTC response

Hypoperfusion- 20ml/kg over 15 min (neonate- 10ml/kg over 5-10 min)

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16
Q

LR
Duration

A

Short term therapy

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17
Q

0.9% Sodium Chloride
Other names

A

Normal Saline
NS

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18
Q

NS
Class

A

Isotonic crystalloid solution

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19
Q

NS
Mechanism

A

Replace water and electrolytes

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20
Q

LR
Class

A

Isotonic crystalloid sol

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21
Q

NS
Indication

A

Hypovolemia
TKO line
Heat problems
DKA
Fresh water drowning

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22
Q

NS
Contra

A

Do not use in pt with renal and heart failure

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23
Q

NS
Side effects

A

Rare

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24
Q

NS
Drug interactions

A

Few in emergency setting

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25
Q

NS
Adult and Ped dose

A

Situational

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26
Q

NS
Duration

A

Short term therapy

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27
Q

Nitroglycerin
Other names

A

Nitrostat
Nitrobid
Tridil

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28
Q

Nitro
Class

A

Vasodilator

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29
Q

Nitro
Mechanism

A

Relax the smooth muscle of the vessels, bronchial, uterine, and intestine

Dilate peripheral vessels

Decrease preload/ after load which decreases the myocardial ox demand

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30
Q

Nitro
Indication

A

Acute angina pectoris
Ischemic angina
HTN
Heart failure
Pulmonary edema

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31
Q

Nitro
Contra

A

Hypotension
Hypovolemia
ICH
Pericardial tamponade
Severe Brady or tachycardia
RV infarct
ED meds within 24 hours

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32
Q

Nitro
Side effects

A

Headache
Dizziness
Weakness
Reflex tachycardia
Syncope
Hypotension
N/v
Dry mouth
Muscle twitch
Diaphoresis

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33
Q

Nitro
Drug interactions

A

Additive effect with other vasodilation meds

Incompatible with other IV drugs

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34
Q

Nitro
Adult dose

A

0.4 SL q 3-5 min up to 3 doses

IV infusion: begin at 10mcg/min, increase by 10 mcg q 3-5 min. Titrate prn up to 200mcg/min

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35
Q

Nitro
Ped doses

A

Not recommended

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36
Q

Nitro
Duration

A

Onset: 1-3 min
Peak: 5-10 min
Duration: 20-30 min

37
Q

Nitro
Consider

A

Pregnancy caution C

Rule out RV infarct w right sided ekg if an interior MI is noted

38
Q

FDA Preg category A

A

No evidence of risk to baby

39
Q

FDA preg category B

A

No human trials but animal fetus had no risk/ harm

40
Q

FDA preg category C

A

Animal studies showed adverse affects on fetus however situational use may warrant for a mother to have medication based on a benefit to risk analysis

41
Q

FDA preg category D

A

Positive evidence of human fetal risk but the med still may be given to mom based on a benefit to risk analysis

42
Q

FDA preg category X

A

Studies show that these medications have serious fetal risks that clearly outweigh the benefit

43
Q

FDA preg category N

A

FDA has not classified the drug

44
Q

Epi
Class

A

Sympathomimetic

45
Q

Epi
Mechanism

A

Agonist of:
Alpha (vasoconstrict)
beta1 (positive inotrope, chronotrope, dromotrope)
Beta2 (relax and dilated smooth muscle vasculature)

Blocks histamine receptor

46
Q

Epi 1:10
Indication

A

Cardiac arrest (asystole, PEA, pulses Vtach, Vfib)
Symptomatic bradycardia alt to dopamine
Hypotension from Hypovolemia

47
Q

Epi contra

A

None in emergency

48
Q

10 rights

A

Pt
Med
Dose
Route
Time
Documentation
Assessment
To refuse
Evaluation
Pt education

49
Q

Epi side effect

A

Nervous
Restless
Headache
Tremor
Pulmonary edema
Dysthymia
Chest pain
Hypertension
Tachycardia
N/V

50
Q

Epi 1:10 adult dose

A

1 mg IV/IO q 3-5 min

2-2.5 mg in 10mL NS via ET tube

Push dose- 2-10 mcg/min titrated

51
Q

Epi 1:10 ped dose

A

0.01 mg/kg IV/IO q 3-5 min for cardiac arrest and symptomatic bradycardia

Push dose- 1mcg/kg q 2-5 min IV/IO

52
Q

Epi duration

A

Onset- immediate
Peak- minutes
Duration- several minutes

53
Q

Epi considerations

A

Preg caution C
Contraindicated in active labor
Could cause syncope with asthma kid
May increase myocardial ox demand

54
Q

Epi push dose indication

A

Severe Hypotension and Bradycardia
(Not due to Hypovolemic shock)

55
Q

Epi 1:1 indication

A

Anaphylaxis
Asthma

56
Q

Epi
Drug interactions

A

Potentiates other sympathomimetic

Deactivated by alkaline solutions

MAOI might potentiate Epi

Beta blocker may blunt Epi effects

57
Q

Epi 1:1
Adult dose

A

0.3-0.5 IM

58
Q

Epi 1:1
Ped dose

A

Anaphylaxis/ asthma 0.01 mg/kg IM up to 0.3 mg

Stridor 0.25-0.5 mg/kg in 3mL nebulized

59
Q

Aspirin
Other names

A

Acetylsalicylic acid
ASA

60
Q

ASA
Class

A

Platelet inhibitor
Anti inflammatory

61
Q

ASA
Mechanism

A

Prevents thromboxane A2 formation (stopping platelet aggregation)

Antipyretic

Analgesics

62
Q

ASA
Indication

A

Acute chest pain
ACS

63
Q

ASA
Contra

A

Hs
Acute ulcer disease
Asthma

64
Q

ASA
Side effects

A

Bronchospasm
Anaphylaxis
Wheezing
Prolonged bleeding
GI bleeding
Epigastric distress
N/V
Reye syndrome

65
Q

ASA
Side effects

A

Bronchospasm
Anaphylaxis
Wheezing
Prolonged bleeding
GI bleeding
Epigastric distress
N/V
Reye syndrome

66
Q

ASA
Drug interactions

A

Caution with NSAID allergy

67
Q

ASA
Adult dose

A

160-325 mg PO chew

68
Q

ASA
Ped dose

A

Not recommended

69
Q

ASA
Duration

A

Onset 5-30 min
Peak 1-3 hours
Duration 3-6 hours

70
Q

ASA
Considerations

A

Preg caution D

Administer ASAP for ACS

71
Q

Nitropaste
Other name

A

Nitrobid ointment

72
Q

Nitropaste
Adult dose

A

1/2 - 1/3 inch (30-50mg)
Cover with wrap and secure with tape

Max 5 inch line per application

73
Q

Nitropaste
Ped dose

A

Not recommended

74
Q

Ondansetron HCL
Other name

A

Zofran

75
Q

Zofran
Class

A

Serotonin receptors agonist
Antiemetic

76
Q

Zofran
Mechanism

A

Blocks serotonin action
(Serotonin naturally causes N/V)

77
Q

Zofran
Indication

A

Prevent and control N/V

78
Q

Zofran
Contra

A

HS

79
Q

Zofran
Side effect

A

Headache
Malaise
Wheezing
Bronchospasm
Afib
Abnormal EKG
Prolonged QT interval
ST segment depression
2nd degree AV block
Constipation
Diarrhea
Hives
Skin rash

80
Q

Drug interaction

A

Not recommend if pt take apomorphine, mesoridazine, thioridazine

81
Q

Zofran
Adult dose

A

4mg IM/IV/PO/SL May repeat once after 10 min

Acute motion sickness- repeat every 6 hours

82
Q

Zofran
Ped dose

A

6 months- 14 years
0.15 mg/kg IV/PO Mac of 4 mg

83
Q

Zofran
Duration

A

Onset 30 min
Peak 2 hours
Duration 3-6 hours

84
Q

Zofran
Consideration

A

Preg caution B

85
Q

How do we carry Zofran

A

Vial of 4mg/2ml

Or 4mg tablets SL

86
Q

How is Nitropaste Carried

A

30g of 2% ointment

87
Q

How is nitro carried

A

0.4 mg nitro per spray SL

0.4 mg tablets SL

50mg/10ml iv infusion

88
Q

How do we carry Epi

A

1mg/10ml preloaded syringe

1mg/1ml vial

89
Q

How do we carry ASA

A

81 mg chewable tablets

Cohort 50 (9 decks)

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