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NCLEX - PHARMACOLOGY > PHARMACOLOGY > Flashcards

PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

Azithromycin, Erthyromycin, Clarithromycin
Hepatotoxic (Acetaminophen, Sulfa Drugs and Phenothiazine)
Watch out for PROLONGED QT Interval

A

MACROLIDES (thromycin)

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2
Q

Tobramycin, Gentamycin, Vancomycin
Nephrotoxic
Ototoxic (REPORT: Tinnitus, Vertigo)

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES (mycin)

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3
Q

For Severe Acne
Contraindicated: PREGNANT WOMEN
USE 2 contraceptives to ensure not to get pregnant
TOXICITY: Liver, Increased ICP, GI upset
S/E: Dry mouth/ skin, photosensitivity
AVOID: Excessive sun exposure, blood transfusion, tetracycline

A

ISOTRETINOIN

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4
Q

Doxy, Mino, Tetra
Taken on an empty stomach with full glass of water
Photosensitivity
NO Antacids/ Dairy
Decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptive pills
Drug of choice: LYME’S DISEASE

A

TETRACYCLINE (cyclines)

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5
Q

Amox, Ampi
Cross sensitivity to Cephalosporin
(if allergic to Penicillin most likely allergic also to Cephalosporin and vice versa)

A

PENICILLIN

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6
Q

Better absorbed thru IV
ORAL: For GI Infections
Therapeutic Level: 10-20mg/dl
REDMAN SYNDROME (flushing, pruritus) - NORMAL: decrease IV rate
STOP in case of anaphylaxis

A

VANCOMYCIN

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7
Q

Remove excess Potassium and Retains Sodium
Monitor for fluid overload

A

SODIUM POLYSTERENE SULFONATE

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8
Q

HOLD 24-48hrs before and after undergoing IODINE CONTRAST procedure

A

METFORMIN HCL

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9
Q

Urinary analgesic (UTI)
S/E: Bright red orange secretion (wear napkin and eyeglasses )

A

PHENAZOPYRIDINE HCL

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10
Q

Severe pain
Morphine, Hydromorphone, Codeine etc.
ANTIDOTE: NALOXONE (effective for 90mins) could be given again after 90mins. if first dose is not effective
S/E: pupil constriction, respiratory depression (report if less than 10), pilo rection (goosebumps), euphoria, constipation
WITHDRAWAL S/SX: sweating, yawning (first sign) diarrhea, coryza (flu like s/sx), irritable, tremors

A

NARCOTICS / OPIODS

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11
Q

Most common S/E: GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA (no need to report)
Mouth care: soft bristle toothbrush, gargle with NSS / warm water
Decreases WBC and PLATELET COUNT - prone to infection; avoid crowds, use of electric razor, avoid fresh / raw foods
Administration: Sandwich technique (5cc NSS + phenytoin +5cc NSS)
NORMAL Level: 10-20 mcg/mL
TOXICITY: Extreme 6

A

PHENYTOIN

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12
Q

Thrombolytic (dissolves clot)
Given within 4-5 hrs (DO NOT exceed) after stroke
FOR ISCHEMIC STROKE
Given if with normal labs and patient did not take any recent anticoagulant
Contraindications: HEMORRHAGIC STROKE, SBP greater than 180mmHg

A

TpA (Alteplase, Urokinase, etc. )

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13
Q

S/E: Dark brown urine and saliva
AVOID: MAOIs, PROTEIN, Vitamin B6
Effectivity: More than 3weeks

A

CARBIDOPA + LEVIDOPA

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14
Q

Pyridostigmine, Neostigmine
Increases ACTH
Drug of choice: MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
If late given: MYASTHENIC CRISIS
If early given: CHOLINERGIC CRISIS
TENSILON TEST: (Inject Edrophonium) - to determine if Myasthenic/Cholinergic crisis
If INCREASES strength: MYASTHENIC CRISIS
If DECREASES strength: CHOLINERGIC CRISIS (give ATROPINE SULFATE)

A

ANTICHOLINESTERASE

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15
Q

For Motion Sickness
Apply >4hrs before travel
Apply at the back of the ear (no hair)
Remove old patch before applying new patch
DON’T TOUCH with bare hands
Effective for 72hrs (replace after 72hrs)

A

TRANSDERMAL SCOPOLAMINE

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16
Q

IF AWAKE: Ask to eat (increase glucose 15g CHO, 6oz low fat milk/ juice, 1tb honey, 6 candies, 4oz soda)
IF UNCONCIOUS: D5050 IV

A

HYPOGLYCEMIA

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17
Q

PTU (Propylthiouracil)
Lugol’s Solution (iodine-based preparation) - taken with water / orange juice to alter bitter taste
RAI 101 (Radioactive Iodine) - CI: Pregnancy

A

HYPERTHYROIDISM

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18
Q

Levothyroxine, Synthroid , Liothyronine
GIVEN: Morning to prevent insomnia, before meals to increase absorption
GIVEN AT LEAST 2hrs apart: Antacid, Multivitamins, Iron (Decreases absorption)

A

HYPOTHYROIDISM

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19
Q

Decreases SODIUM (Monitor for Headache - seizure)
Increases BP

A

DESMOPRRESSIN / VASOPRESSIN

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20
Q

Anaphylactic Management
NO skin prep
Increases HR, palpitations , dizziness (expected)

A

EPI -AUTO INJECTOR

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21
Q

ADALIMUMAB, INFLIXIMAB, ETARNECEPT
for RA, PSORIASIS, CROHN’S
IMMUNOSUPPRESANT - risk for infection (tuberculin skin test yearly, annual Influenza / flu vaccine)
AVOID LIVE VACCINES (BCG, MMR, Herpes Zoster, ROTA Virus, Yellow Fever )

A

TNF (TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR INHIBITOR)

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22
Q

Anti-Malaria
Drug of choice: SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Decreases skin and arthritic symptoms; Decreases exacerbations
EFFECTIVITY: Several months
TAKEN with MEALS
Watch out for: RETINAL toxicity, visual problems

A

HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE

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23
Q

ABCIXIMAB, EPTIFIBATIDE, TIROFIBAN
Prevent occlusion
CAUSES BLEEDING
Check CBC and bleeding

A

GLYCOPROTEIN PLATELET INHIBITORS

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24
Q

Anti-inflammatory / Immunosuppressant - Risk for INFECTION
Prevents organ REJECTION

A

AZATHIOPRINE

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25
Q

ANTI-METABOLITE/ Anti -Neoplastic (IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT)
RISK for INFECTION
AVOID LIVE VACCINES
Hepatotoxic

A

METHOTREXATE

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26
Q

INCREASES NEUTROPHILS

A

FILGRASTIM

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27
Q

Anti inflammatory , Antibiotic, DMARD
S/E: Crystalluria (Increase oral intake) , Photosensitivity (sunscreen), Agranulocytosis
Steven Johnson Syndrome - Rashes on the skin (STOP and REPORT)
Orange - Yellow urine/ skin : Expected

A

SULFA DRUGS

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28
Q

METOCLOPROMIDE/ PROMETHAZINE - long use; causes TARDIVE DYSKINESIA (report)

A

ANTI-EMETICS

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29
Q

ESOMEPRAZOLE, PANTOPRAZOLE, OMEPRAZOLE
Long Term : Osteoporosis - check bone density
Test Calcium and Vit. D supp
GI Infection - C. Difficile
Pneumonia
Taken 1hr before or 2hrs after meals

A

PPI (PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR)

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30
Q

CIMETIDINE , RANITIDINE , FAMOTIDINE
SHORT TERM : effective overnight/ overnight relief

A

H2 BLOCKERS

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31
Q

Prevent ulcers
Does not decrease stomach ulcers
can cause constipation (Increase oral fluid intake)
Taken 1hr before meals
NOT taken with other meds (take other meds 2hrs before sucralfate)

A

SUCRALFATE

32
Q

Anticholinergic
S/E: Dry mouth (expected DO NOT REPORT)

A

OXYBUTININ

33
Q

ALENDRONATE , RISIDRONATE, IBANDRONATE
Taken in the morning with empty stomach then upright for 30mins

A

BIPHOSPHONATES

34
Q

Risk for clotting d/o (DVT, STORKE, MI)

A

HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY

35
Q

28 active pills
If taken 3hrs or more late (use backup contraceptive)
Vomiting within 3hs (take additional pill)
NO PERIODS/ IRREGULAR
S/E: Breakthrough bleeding

A

POP (PROGESTIN ONLY PILLS)

36
Q

Enhances FERTILITY

A

CLOMIPHENE

37
Q

RIVAROXABAN , EDOXABAN, APIXABAN
Anti coagulants
LESS RISK for bleeding
NOT affected by Vitamin K
AVOID: NSAIDs , GARLIC , GINGER

A

FACTOR Xa INHIBITORS

38
Q

Drug of choice: BREAST CA
A/E: UTERINE BLEEDING (heavy bleeding during periods - REPORT)
S/E: Menopausal Symptoms ( Vaginal dryness , decrease libido, hot flushes, cold symptoms )

A

TAMOXIFEN

39
Q

All CARDIAC DRUGS can cause ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION except
Advise to move slowly

A

DIGOXIN

40
Q

“PRILS”
if with SENSITIVITY to ACE shift to ARBS (“SARTANS”)
Decrease BP ; Does NOT affect HR
CI: Pregnancy
Can cause cough
ELEVATES POTASSIUM - avoid Potassium sparing diuretics
NOT given with kidney problem or with increase creatinine

A

ACE INHIBITORS

41
Q

BISOPROLOL, ATENOLOL, BETAXOLOL, ACETABULOL, ESMOLOL, METROPOLOL (BABAEM)
Can cause DECREASE LIBIDO
Decreases HR

A

CARDIO SELECTIVE BB / SELECTIVE BETA BLOCKERS

42
Q

PROPANOLOL, PINDOLOL, PENBUTOLOL, NADULOL, TIMOLOL, SOTALOL
Causes Bronchoconstriction

A

NON SELECTIVE BETA BLOCKERS

43
Q

Asthma
Blocks (AV, Heart)
CHF (Chronic Heart Failure)
Diabetes (hides signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia)

A

BETA BLOCKERS CONTRAINDICATIONS

44
Q

VERAPAMIL , NIFEDIPINE , DILTIAZEM
Decrease HR and BP
“calms the heart”
Check HR prior to giving
Change position slowly
Causes BAD headache

A

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER

45
Q

Decreases HR only, does NOT affect BP
Check APICAL Pulse before giving
Watch out for Toxicity: (>2) BANDAV
(Bradycardia, Anorexia, Nausea (1st sign) Abdominal cramping, Visual disturbances (halo sign - green/yellow vision)
Decreases Potassium
If with KIDNEY Problem could lead to TOXICITY

A

DIGOXIN

46
Q

NITROGLYCERIN , NITROPRUSSIDE, HYDRALAZINE, ISOSORBIDE, MINOXIDIL (for severe heart failure)
Decreases preload and afterload
Decreases BP

A

DILATORS (VASODILATOR)

47
Q

S/E: (Expected) Headache, Hypotension, Hot flushes
CI: VIAGRA (SILDENAFIL)
STOP if with SEVERE HYPOTENSION : irritability, sweating, pallor. lack of coordination

A

NITROGLYCERINE

48
Q

For STABLE Angina
Goal: NO chest pain while performing ADL
Max of 3 doses (5mins interval)
CALL 911: 5mins after the 1st dose if still with chest pain then take 2nd dose
STORAGE: Dark container, DO NOT put in pocket
Replace every 6mos

A

NITROGLYCERIN PILL/ SPRAY

49
Q

For UNSTABLE Angina
NOT PRN, place once a day
OK to shower with patch
Rotate daily site (use gloves)

A

NITROGLYCERIN PATCH

50
Q

Loop, Potassium wasting diuretic
Can cause OTOTOXICITY if given fast
Increase dosage can cause HEPATOTOXICITY

A

FUROSEMIDE

51
Q

Drug of choice: SVT
Given 1-2 secs bolus then flush
S/E: (Expected) Flushing, Chest pain, Palpitations

A

ADENOSINE

52
Q

POTASSIUM wasting diuretic
CI: LICORICE ROOT

A

THIAZIDES

53
Q

Seizure prophylaxis
Check BP before giving
Normal: 4-7meqs/L
Toxic: >7
Magnesium Sulfate Toxicity: Decrease BP, Decrease UO, Decrease RR, Absence patellar/ DTR (1st sign)

A

MAGNESIUM SULFATE

54
Q

Safe ANTI HYPERTENSIVE drugs for PREGNANT

A

HYDRALAZINE , LABETOLOL , METHYLDOPA

55
Q

promotes uterine contractions

A

UTEROTONICS

56
Q

Given after delivery of baby
Side drip
Monitor FHR / Maternal

A

OXYTOCIN

57
Q

CI: Hypertension

A

METHYLERGONOVINE (METHERGINE)

58
Q

Given RECTALLY
Safe with Hypertension

A

MISOPROSTOL

59
Q

“ZINE” HALOPERIDOL
For POSITIVE symptoms
High EPS (Extrapyramidal Symptoms)
Toxic A/E: NMS (Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome) High fever (1st sign) Diaphoresis, ALOC, Muscle problems
NMS Management: Meds for Parkinson’s Disease

A

TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS

60
Q

“PINE” “DONE”
ZIPRASIDONE - Low BP, wide QT intervals

For NEGATIVE and POSITIVE symptoms
Toxic A/E: AGRANULOCYTOSIS - Sore throat (1st sign) , Leukopenia (Check CBC)
NOT given to patient with DEMENTIA

A

ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS

61
Q

BENZTROPIN , DIPHENHYDRAMINE, BIPERIDINE, TRIHEXYPHENEDRYL
Muscle relaxant
Given when patient manifest EPS

A

ANTICHOLINERGICS

62
Q

High suicide risk if taken less than 2weeks
Slow onset and slow taper off (2-4 weeks effectivity)
NEVER mix MAOIs with other antidepressants: SSRI with SJW (St. John’s Wort)
ALL PSYCH DRUGS decreases BP, increases WT, HEPATOTOXIC

A

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

63
Q

“INE” “ PRAM”
Sexual Dysfunction, low libido, pilo erection
DO NOT Mix with MAOIs, St. John’s Wort, Tramadol
Can be mixed with Benzodiazepines
Serotonin Syndrome - if taken with MAOIs , SJW, Tramadol (Sweaty hot fever, Rigidity, Restlessness, Tremors, Agitation, Increased HR)

A

SSRI

64
Q

“PRAMINE” “TRIPTYLINE”
Anticholinergic side effects
Blurred Vision
Photophobia
Urinary Retention
Dry mouth , constipation , sedation
AVOID taking if with GLAUCOMA

A

TCA

65
Q

TRANYLCYPROMINE, PHENELZINE, ISOCARBOXACID, SELEGILINE
Given in the morning (causes insomnia)
Cause Massive Hypertension
AVOID Tyramine rich foods (could lead to Hypertensive Crisis - wine, cheese (swiss, cheddar, aged, mozzarella) beer, sausage, salami, soya, yoghurt, dry and fermented fruits )
AVOID OTC MEDS: Calcium Antacids, Acetaminophen, NSAIDs (CAAN)
Increase Suicide Risk

A

MAOIs

66
Q

Chronic pain; improves sleep

A

DULOXETINE

67
Q

priapism ; DO NOT TAKE alcohol and sedatives

A

TRAZODONE

68
Q

DO NOT crush / chew
DO NOT smoke

A

BUPOPRION XL, SR

69
Q

Anti manic
Check renal function prior to giving (creatinine and urinary output)
NORMAL Level: 0.5-1.5
Toxicity signs: Diarrhea, Thrist, Polyurea, Vomiting
Increase fluids, regular sodium
HOLD NSAIDs : Decreases renal blood flow
INCREASED SODIUM: Toxic
DECREASED SODIUM: Less effective
Substitutes: Valproic Acid (Hepatotoxic, check AST/ALT, DO NOT ABRUPTLY stop)
Carbamazepine (Drug of Choice: TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA, not effective if taken with oral contraceptives, check for presence of fever and sore throat)
Anti Psychotic

A

LITHIUM

70
Q

ADHD
Taken in the morning after breakfast
DO NOT give at nighttime (causes insomnia)
S/E: Growth retardation/ Suppression

A

METHYLPHENIDATE

71
Q

“ZEPAM” “ZOLAM”
LOW and SLOW
Dizziness (most common s/e - Hang-over effect)
ANTIDOTE: FLUMAZENIL
DIAZEPAM CI: Valerian root, okay with Gingko, Ginseng

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

72
Q

NO sedative effect
Can drive bus
Long Term
NOT addictive
SAFEST anxiolytic
NO withdrawal
2-4weeks

A

BUSPIRONE

73
Q

ADDICTIVE LOW AND SLOW

A

BARBITURATE and BENZODIAZEPINES

74
Q

Long acting prevention
DON’T SMOKE
Rinse mouth with water
PNEUMOCOCCAL Vaccine + Influenza Vaccine (if infection risk)

A

FLUTICASONE / SALMETEROL

75
Q

SABA (short acting beta 2 agonist)
Symphatomimetic (Tachycardia, Tremors, Insomnia, Low Potassium)

A

ALBUTEROL

76
Q

Narcotic
Cough Suppressant

A

CODEINE

77
Q

Bronchodilator
Normal: <20mcg/mL
Toxic: Seizure, Arrhythmia, Anorexia, Insomnia , Restlessness
AVOID: Cimetidine, Ciprofloxacin, Caffeine

A

THEOPHYLLINE

NCLEX - PHARMACOLOGY (1 decks)

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