Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Non Medical Prescribing > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is a P medicine

A
  1. Any medicine not on general sale list
  2. Must be sold under the supervision of a pharmacist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are off label meds?

A

Manufacturer of the medicine has not applied for license for this use

Example: Amitriptyline for neuropathic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are unlicensed meds?

A
  1. Mixing two license drugs together
  2. Used in paediatric as “specials”
  3. Used in the best interest of the patient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is General sale list?

A

Can be bought without supervision of a pharmacist

For example: paracetamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the definition of an independent prescriber?

A

Responsible and accountable for the assessment of patients conditions and for the decisions about clinical management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is supplementary prescribing?

A

1.Works in partnership an independent prescriber who has to be a doctor or dentist.

2.Cannot work independently.

  1. Dietitians and radiographers are only allowed to be SP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Patient group directions (PGD)

A
  1. Is a legal framework that allows pharmacists, nurses and paramedics to administer certain drugs under a directive.
  2. It is not a form of prescribing
  3. It is a criminal offence to supply a drug if it’s not in a directive.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is polypharmacy?

A
  1. Multiple medications prescribed to one person
  2. Prevalent in older people
  3. Adverse reactions? Is the amount of drugs appropriate for the patient?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is accountability?

A
  1. Consequences of an action or inaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clinical negligence

A

Breaching a duty of care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is clinical governance?

A
  1. Auditing
  2. Clinical effectiveness
  3. Risk management
  4. Guidelines
  5. Reporting problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Deprescribing?

A

Process of withdrawal of a medication
1. Is the medication appropriate?
2. Goal is to manage polypharmacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are non cellular drugs

A
  1. Anti-acids (gaviscon)
  2. Laxatives (osmotic and bulk forming)
  3. Antibiotics (target bacterial cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do Cellular drugs work?

A

By interacting with receptors on the surface of cells or enzymes (which regulate the rate of chemical reactions) within cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an agonist drug?

A

Binds and activates certain receptors on cells, causing a biological response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an antagonist?

A
  1. A chemical substance that binds to and blocks the activation of certain receptors on cells, preventing a biological response.
  2. Most antagonists work by competing with a neurotransmitter or hormone. They bind reversibly to the receptor
17
Q

What is transduction?

A

The process by which a virus transfers genetic material from one bacterium to another.
(Communicates from outside the cell and functional changes happen within the cell)

18
Q

What is bioavailability?

A

How much of the drug reaches the plasma/extent of absorption

19
Q

What compromises the bioavailability of a drug?

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Severe burns
  3. Ascites
  4. Liver damage can increase bioavailability
20
Q

Small volume of distribution?

A
  1. Stays mainly in the blood stream
    For example: Gentamicin
21
Q

Large volume of distribution?

A

Has a propensity to leave the plasma and enter the extravascular compartments of the body

22
Q

Distribution factors of bioavailability?

A
  1. Protein binding
  2. Tissue binding
  3. Lipid solubility
  4. Blood flow to tissues
23
Q

Stages of pharmokinetics?

A
  1. Absorption
  2. Distribution
  3. Metabolism
  4. Excretion
24
Q

Prescribing to overweight patients

A

If the drug volume is SMALL do not base prescribing on weight

If drug volume is LARGE calculate based on weight

25
Q

How is plasma protein binding effected with low albumin?

A

Causes drugs that are usually protein bound to be free in the plasma, allowing for higher drug levels, more rapid hepatic metabolism

26
Q

Examples of intrinsic adverse reactions?

A
  1. Age
  2. Gender
  3. Race
  4. Genetics
27
Q

Examples of extrinsic adverse reactions?

A
  1. Drug interactions
  2. Environment
  3. Smoking
  4. Alcohol
  5. Diet
28
Q

What is a type A adverse reaction?

A
  1. Low morality
  2. Predictable
  3. Common
29
Q

What is a type B adverse reaction?

A
  1. Rare
  2. Idiosyncratic
  3. High morality
30
Q

Type C adverse reaction?

A

Continuous reaction

31
Q

Type D adverse reaction?

A

Delayed reaction

32
Q

Type E reaction?

A

Stopping meds - example benzo withdrawal

33
Q

What is the purpose of a loading dose?

A

Flood the tissue to reach equilibrium with the circulating blood volume

34
Q

What are narrow therapeutic index drugs?

A

A small difference in dose or blood concentration may lead to serious therapeutic failure and/or serious adverse reaction

Example: tacrolimus

35
Q

What is drug clearance?

A

Clearance describes the process of drug elimination = volume of fluid cleared of drug from body per unit of time

36
Q

What is drug elimination?

A

Drug elimination is the irreversible removal of a drug from the body by all routes of elimination

  1. Excretion - removal of the intact drug
  2. Bio transformation- drug is chemically converted into a metabolite (enzymatic process)
37
Q

Phase 1 metabolism?

A
  1. Oxidation
  2. Hydrolysis
  3. Reduction
38
Q

Phase 2 metabolism?

A
  1. Conjugation of drug with glucuronic or sulphuric acid
39
Q

What is biotransformation of a drug?

A
  1. Chemical alteration by various body systems making it more easily excrete from the body
  2. Primarily happens in the liver

Non Medical Prescribing (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions