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Bachelor of Paramedicine > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary indications for use of adrenaline?

A

Cardiac arrest, inadequate perfusion, bradycardia with poor perfusion, anaphylaxis, severe asthma (imminent life threat), croup

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2
Q

What are the C/I s for adrenaline?

A

Hypovolemic shock without adequate fluid replacement

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3
Q

What are the contraindications for use of aspirin?

A

Hypersensitivity, actively bleeding peptic ulcers, suspected dissecting aortic aneurysm, bleeding disorders, chest pain associated with psycho stimulant OD if SBP >160 mmHg

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4
Q

What is the presentation of dexamethasone?

A

8 mg in 2 mL

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5
Q

What is the presentation of fentanyl?

A

100 mcg in 2mL

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6
Q

What are the contraindications for use of fentanyl in pain relief?

A

History of hypersensitivity, late second stage labour

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7
Q

What are the contraindications for glyceryl trinitrate?

A

BP < 100 mmHg, HR > 150, HR < 50, VT, PDE 5 inhibitor (current or recent use), riociguat (current use)

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ipratropium bromide?

A

Anticholinergic bronchodilator blocks the action of the parasympathetic nervous system at the bronchi resulting in reduced bronchoconstriction

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9
Q

What are the contraindications for ketamine?

A

Suspected nTBI with severe hypertension (SBP > 180)

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10
Q

What are the indications for use of ketamine?

A

Intubation, analgesia, sedation due to agitation or CPR interfering patient

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11
Q

What are the benefits of methoxyflurane use in pain relief?

A

Short duration of action ideal for procedural pain such as reduction, patient does not require continuous monitoring after use

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12
Q

What are the contraindications for use of methoxyflurane?

A

Pre-existing renal disease, known or genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia

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13
Q

What are the contraindications for use of morphine?

A

History of hypersensitivity, renal impairment/failure, late second stage labour

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14
Q

Why might fentanyl be preferred over morphine?

A

More potent: less drug for similar response, less likely to cause nausea and vomiting or exacerbate nausea in patient

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15
Q

What is the presentation of naloxone?

A

0.4 mg in 1 mL

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16
Q

What are the primary indications for use of ondansetron?

A

Undifferentiated nausea and vomiting, prophylaxis where vomiting may be clinically detrimental e.g spinally immobilised, penetrating eye trauma

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17
Q

What are the two presentations of ondansetron?

A

4 mg ODT, 8 mg in 4 mL glass ampoule

18
Q

What are the contraindications for use of ondansetron?

A

Apomorphine use

19
Q

What are the indications for use of prochlorperazine (stemetil)?

A

Nausea and vomiting in pts > 21 years: known allergy or C/I to ondansetron, vestibular nausea.
Headache

20
Q

What are the contraindications for use of prochlorperazine?

A

CNS depression, patients < 21 years

21
Q

What precautions should you be aware of when giving stemetil?

A

Elderly patients may be more susceptible to adverse effects
Also can worsen symptoms of Parkinson’s disease so should be avoided in these patients if possible

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of salbutamol?

A

Stimulates beta 2 adrenergic receptors to facilitate bronchodilation

23
Q

What is management and dose for mild pain in a paediatric pt?

A

Paracetamol 15g/kg

24
Q

What is first line management for moderate pain in a paediatric patient and what dose regimen is to be used?

A

Fentanyl IN:
Small child (10-17kgs) - 25 mcg
Medium child (18-39kg) - 25-50 mcg

25
Q

You attend a 9 YO pt with 10/10 pain post a fall from a bicycle. What medications will you consider giving?

A

IN fentanyl 25-50 mcg
Methoxyflurane 3 mL

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of olanzapine?

A

Atypical antipsychotic acting as a dopamine, serotonin and histamine antagonist

27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of naloxone?

A

Competitive opioid antagonist

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action of midazolam?

A

A short-acting CNS depressant acting as an anxiolytic, sedative and anticonvulsant

29
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ondansetron?

A

5-Ht3 receptor antagonist blocks the action of dopamine

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of TXA?

A

Antifibrinolytic, binds to plasminogen decreasing its conversion to plasmin whereby preventing the degradation of fibrin mesh in formed clots

31
Q

What are the precautions for ondansetron?

A
  1. Pregnancy first trimester - consult receiving hospital
  2. Congenital long QT syndrome
  3. Severe hepatic disease
32
Q

What are the precautions for adrenaline?

A

Reduced doses for: elderly/frail, pts with CVD and pts on MAOIs, Increased doses for pts on beta blockers

33
Q

What are the precautions for morphine?

A

Respiratory depression, current asthma, elderly/frail, respiratory tract burns, known opioid addiction, acute alcoholism, pts on MAOIs, hypotension

34
Q

What are the precautions for GTN?

A

Lower doses for elderly/frail or nil previous administration/recent MI

Right ventricular MI or inferior STEMI with BP < 160

35
Q

What are the precautions for ketamine?

A

May exacerbate cardiovascular conditions (uncontrolled hypertension, stroke, recent MI, cardiac failure)

36
Q

What are the precautions for droperidol?

A

Elderly/frail pts more susceptible to adverse effects, Parkinson’s disease, Lewy body dementia, QT prolongation

37
Q

What are the precautions for aspirin?

A

Any peptic ulcer, asthma, pts on anticoagulants

38
Q

What are the precautions for ceftriaxone?

A

Allergy to penicillin antibiotics

39
Q

What are the precautions for salbutamol?

A

Large doses can cause intracellular metabolic acidosis

40
Q

What are the contraindication for fentanyl?

A
  1. Late second stage labour
  2. Pts on MAOIs (last 14 days)
  3. Suspected serotonin syndrome
  4. Hypersensitivity

Bachelor of Paramedicine (6 decks)

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