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AANP - Cohen > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Macrolides

A

-MYCIN= erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

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2
Q

Beta- lactams

A

PCN, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams

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3
Q

PCN

A

SAFE for children, elderly and & pregnancy

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4
Q

Cephalosporins

A

5 generations=
1st= skin infections
2nd= intra-abdominal
3rd= lung (CAP)
4th= serious infections (pseudomonas/ immunocomprised pt)
5th= covers MRSA

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5
Q

Carbapenems

A

parental form “ONLY”

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6
Q

Macrolides cause

A

= QT prolongation
hepatotoxicity
nephrotoxicity

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7
Q

Fluorquinolones cause

A

tendon rupture

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8
Q

Fluorquinolones

A

-oxacin= ciprofloxacin (below the belt), levofloxacin (above the belt), ofloxacin (Floxin)

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9
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

-mycin= streptomycin, neomycin, gentamycin, tobramycin

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10
Q

Aminoglycosides cause

A

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

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11
Q

Tetracyclines

A

doxycycline (“OK to GIVE to children with Lyme disease/ Rocky mountain spotted fever), minocycline, vibramycin

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12
Q

Sulfa

A

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
“NO” children or pregnant women

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13
Q

Tetracyclines cause

A
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14
Q

Nitrofuran derivatives

A

nitrofurantoin (Macrobid), Macrodantin, furadantin

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15
Q

Nitrofuran derivatives cause

A

hemolytic anemia= G6PD deficiency, drowsiness

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16
Q

Spironolactone causes

A

gynecomastia

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17
Q

Lung infections

A

with co-morbidities = past fluroquinolones
no co-morbidities= macrolide
If ABX in the past 3 months= doxy, levofloxacin, azithromycin or clarithromycin + amoxicillin or augmentin

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18
Q

Pertussis “whooping cough”

A

hacking cough, may vomit after coughing
last 2-3 weeks

19
Q

Pertussis tx

A

macrolides= azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin

20
Q

strep pharyngitis (bacterial)

A

PCN, amoxicillin, macrolide

21
Q

Mono (viral)

A

ibuprofen/ acetaminophen
“NO” ABX

22
Q

allergic rhinosinusitis

A

intranasal glucocorticoids, antihistamines, decongestants

23
Q

Acute rhinosinusitis

A

wait 10 days, then Amoxicillin or Augmentin

24
Q

Metformin

A

causes diarrhea, nausea/ vomiting

25
Q

Metformin

A

DO NOT USE= with renal disease, hepatic acidosis, alcoholics
* Monitor renal functions*

26
Q

Dx for DM II

A

Hgba1c > 6.5
FBS > 126
Random > 200

27
Q

DM II tx

A
  1. Lifestyle modification= wt loss (try for 3-6 months)
  2. Start Metformin 500 mg-2000mg/ 24hr
  3. Sulfonylurea (Glucotrol) or other oral
  4. Insulin= * IF DOUBLE DIGITS a1c= start insulin*
28
Q

Pancreas

A

makes insulin and glucagon

29
Q

Rapid acting insulin

A

Insulin lispro, aspart, glulisine
covers 1 meal @ a time

30
Q

Short acting

A

Regular insulin
from meal to meal

31
Q

intermediate

A

NPH
from breakfast to dinner

32
Q

Long acting

A

Insulin glargine
once a day

33
Q

Primary hypothyroidism

A

TSH high
Free T4 low
Free T3 low

34
Q

Primary hyperthyroidism

A

TSH low
Free T4 high

35
Q

Graves= hyperthyroidism

A

excess T4 & T3
autoimmune

36
Q

Graves symptoms

A

heat intolerance, fine straight hair, bulging eyes, facial flushing, tachycardia, finger clubbing, tremors, diarrhea, high SBP, breast enlargement, weight loss, muscle wasting, amenorrhea, localized edema

37
Q

Graves tx

A

propythiouracil (PTU)
methimazole (Tapazole)

38
Q

Hashimoto= hypothyroidism

A

autoimmune
excess TSH

39
Q

hypothyroidism symptoms

A

fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, hair loss, constipation, bradycardia, myxedema, ascites

40
Q

hypothyroidism tx

A

levothyroxine= long time use can cause bone demineralization

41
Q

ACEIs

A

-prils= enalapril, benazepril, linsinopril

42
Q

ARBs

A

-sartans= losartan, valsartan

43
Q

Drugs of choice for pts with DM or CKD for HTN

A

ACEI or ARB

AANP - Cohen (1 decks)

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