Pharmacology

Question 1

Macrolides

Answer 1

-MYCIN= erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

Question 2

Beta- lactams

Answer 2

PCN, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams

Question 3

PCN

Answer 3

SAFE for children, elderly and & pregnancy

Question 4

Cephalosporins

Answer 4

5 generations=
1st= skin infections
2nd= intra-abdominal
3rd= lung (CAP)
4th= serious infections (pseudomonas/ immunocomprised pt)
5th= covers MRSA

Question 5

Carbapenems

Answer 5

parental form “ONLY”

Question 6

Macrolides cause

Answer 6

= QT prolongation
hepatotoxicity
nephrotoxicity

Question 7

Fluorquinolones cause

Answer 7

tendon rupture

Question 8

Fluorquinolones

Answer 8

-oxacin= ciprofloxacin (below the belt), levofloxacin (above the belt), ofloxacin (Floxin)

Question 9

Aminoglycosides

Answer 9

-mycin= streptomycin, neomycin, gentamycin, tobramycin

Question 10

Aminoglycosides cause

Answer 10

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Question 11

Tetracyclines

Answer 11

doxycycline (“OK to GIVE to children with Lyme disease/ Rocky mountain spotted fever), minocycline, vibramycin

Question 12

Sulfa

Answer 12

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
“NO” children or pregnant women

Question 13

Tetracyclines cause

Question 14

Nitrofuran derivatives

Answer 14

nitrofurantoin (Macrobid), Macrodantin, furadantin

Question 15

Nitrofuran derivatives cause

Answer 15

hemolytic anemia= G6PD deficiency, drowsiness

Question 16

Spironolactone causes

Answer 16

gynecomastia

Question 17

Lung infections

Answer 17

with co-morbidities = past fluroquinolones
no co-morbidities= macrolide
If ABX in the past 3 months= doxy, levofloxacin, azithromycin or clarithromycin + amoxicillin or augmentin

Question 18

Pertussis “whooping cough”

Answer 18

hacking cough, may vomit after coughing
last 2-3 weeks

Question 19

Pertussis tx

Answer 19

macrolides= azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin

Question 20

strep pharyngitis (bacterial)

Answer 20

PCN, amoxicillin, macrolide

Question 21

Mono (viral)

Answer 21

ibuprofen/ acetaminophen
“NO” ABX

Question 22

allergic rhinosinusitis

Answer 22

intranasal glucocorticoids, antihistamines, decongestants

Question 23

Acute rhinosinusitis

Answer 23

wait 10 days, then Amoxicillin or Augmentin

Question 24

Metformin

Answer 24

causes diarrhea, nausea/ vomiting

Question 25

Metformin

Answer 25

DO NOT USE= with renal disease, hepatic acidosis, alcoholics * Monitor renal functions*

Question 26

Dx for DM II

Answer 26

Hgba1c > 6.5 FBS > 126 Random > 200

Question 27

DM II tx

Answer 27

1. Lifestyle modification= wt loss (try for 3-6 months) 2. Start Metformin 500 mg-2000mg/ 24hr 3. Sulfonylurea (Glucotrol) or other oral 4. Insulin= * IF DOUBLE DIGITS a1c= start insulin*

Question 28

Pancreas

Answer 28

makes insulin and glucagon

Question 29

Rapid acting insulin

Answer 29

Insulin lispro, aspart, glulisine covers 1 meal @ a time

Question 30

Short acting

Answer 30

Regular insulin from meal to meal

Question 31

intermediate

Answer 31

NPH from breakfast to dinner

Question 32

Long acting

Answer 32

Insulin glargine once a day

Question 33

Primary hypothyroidism

Answer 33

TSH high Free T4 low Free T3 low

Question 34

Primary hyperthyroidism

Answer 34

TSH low Free T4 high

Question 35

Graves= hyperthyroidism

Answer 35

excess T4 & T3 autoimmune

Question 36

Graves symptoms

Answer 36

heat intolerance, fine straight hair, bulging eyes, facial flushing, tachycardia, finger clubbing, tremors, diarrhea, high SBP, breast enlargement, weight loss, muscle wasting, amenorrhea, localized edema

Question 37

Graves tx

Answer 37

propythiouracil (PTU) methimazole (Tapazole)

Question 38

Hashimoto= hypothyroidism

Answer 38

autoimmune excess TSH

Question 39

hypothyroidism symptoms

Answer 39

fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, hair loss, constipation, bradycardia, myxedema, ascites

Question 40

hypothyroidism tx

Answer 40

levothyroxine= long time use can cause bone demineralization

Question 41

ACEIs

Answer 41

-prils= enalapril, benazepril, linsinopril

Question 42

ARBs

Answer 42

-sartans= losartan, valsartan

Question 43

Drugs of choice for pts with DM or CKD for HTN

Answer 43

ACEI or ARB