Pharmacology 💊 Flashcards
classification of hyper lipidemia
Primary & Secondary
types of primary hyperlipidemia
what are the causes of secondary hyperlipidemia?
management of hyper lipidemia
1- Diet control
2- Drug therapy
what are the drugs used in managemnet of hyperlipidemia?
- Bile acid binding resins
- Ezetimibe
- HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins)
- Activators of plasma lipoprotein lipase
- Inhibitors of liver lipid production
what is the pharmacological action of Bile acids binding resins (Cholestryamine)?
- They are anion binding resins, which bind by their chloride ion to bile acid or bile salt anion
what are the uses of Bile acids binding resins (Cholestryamine)?
- Hypercholesteremia (IIa)
- Digitalis toxicity to bind digoxin in intestine
- Pruritis associated with biliary obstruction
what are the adverse effects of Bile acids binding resins (Cholestryamine)?
- Steatorrhea
- Decrease the absorbtion of fat soluble Vitamins (A,D,E,K)
drug interactions of Bile acids binding resins (Cholestryamine)
- They interfere with the absorbtion of some drugs (Digitalis, Thiazides, iron, warfarin, barbiturates & some antibiotics like tetracycline and vancomycin)
what is the mechanism of action of Ezetimibe?
- Selective inhibition of Cholesterol abdorbtion from the intestine
what are the therapeutic uses of Ezetimibe?
Hypercholesterolemia
what are the adverse effects of Ezetimibe?
Reversible Hepatotoxicity
what are examples of HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors?
- Lovastatin
- Mevastatin
- paravastatin
- atrovastatin
- Fluvastatin
- Simvastatin
- rosuvastatib
what is the mechanism of action of HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors?
- They are compeptitive inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase, So they decrease the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver
what are the uses of HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors?
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Combined hypercholesterolemia & Hypertriglyceridemia
what are the adverse effects of HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors?
Hepatic:
- Increased serum transaminases (Lovastatin - Niacin)
Muscles:
- mild Increase the activity of creatine kinase
- Rhobdomyolosis & Myoglobinuria
- Myopathy
GIT:
- Upset
Cataract:
- Lenticular opacities
Renal dysfunction
what are examples of Activators of Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase (Fibrates)?
- Gemfibrozel
- Bezafibrate
- clofibrate
- fenofibrate
what is the mechanism of action of Activators of Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase (Fibrates)?
- Act on nuclear receptor (PPARS-Alpha), which leads to increasing the synthesis of LPL, leading to increase in the catabolism of VLDL & Chylomicrons
what are the uses of Activators of Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase (Fibrates)?
Hypertriglyceridemia
what are the adverse effects of Activators of Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase (Fibrates)?
- Myopathy
- Increased serum transaminases
- Cholesterol gallstones
- Skin rash
drug interactions of Activators of Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase (Fibrates)
- They increase the displacment of other drugs leading to potentiation of its action like coumarin anticoagulants, talbutamide & phenytoin
what are examples of Inhibitors of Liver lipid production?
- Nicotinic acid (Niacin, Vit B3)
what is the mechanism of action of Inhibitors of Liver lipid production?
- They dec rease lipolysis in the liver, which leads to decreasing the release of FFA —-> inhibition of VLDL and TGs synthesis —-> Decrease LDL
what are the uses of Inhibitors of Liver lipid production?
- Hyperlipidemia with elevated LDL,VLDL and decreased HDL (All types except type 1)
