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Y2B2 - Nutrition & Metabolism 📗 > Pharmacology 💊 > Flashcards

Pharmacology 💊 Flashcards

1
Q

classification of hyper lipidemia

A

Primary & Secondary

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2
Q

types of primary hyperlipidemia

A
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3
Q

what are the causes of secondary hyperlipidemia?

A
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4
Q

management of hyper lipidemia

A

1- Diet control
2- Drug therapy

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5
Q

what are the drugs used in managemnet of hyperlipidemia?

A
  • Bile acid binding resins
  • Ezetimibe
  • HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins)
  • Activators of plasma lipoprotein lipase
  • Inhibitors of liver lipid production
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6
Q

what is the pharmacological action of Bile acids binding resins (Cholestryamine)?

A
  • They are anion binding resins, which bind by their chloride ion to bile acid or bile salt anion
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7
Q

what are the uses of Bile acids binding resins (Cholestryamine)?

A
  • Hypercholesteremia (IIa)
  • Digitalis toxicity to bind digoxin in intestine
  • Pruritis associated with biliary obstruction
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8
Q

what are the adverse effects of Bile acids binding resins (Cholestryamine)?

A
  • Steatorrhea
  • Decrease the absorbtion of fat soluble Vitamins (A,D,E,K)
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9
Q

drug interactions of Bile acids binding resins (Cholestryamine)

A
  • They interfere with the absorbtion of some drugs (Digitalis, Thiazides, iron, warfarin, barbiturates & some antibiotics like tetracycline and vancomycin)
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10
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Ezetimibe?

A
  • Selective inhibition of Cholesterol abdorbtion from the intestine
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11
Q

what are the therapeutic uses of Ezetimibe?

A

Hypercholesterolemia

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12
Q

what are the adverse effects of Ezetimibe?

A

Reversible Hepatotoxicity

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13
Q

what are examples of HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors?

A
  • Lovastatin
  • Mevastatin
  • paravastatin
  • atrovastatin
  • Fluvastatin
  • Simvastatin
  • rosuvastatib
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14
Q

what is the mechanism of action of HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors?

A
  • They are compeptitive inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase, So they decrease the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver
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15
Q

what are the uses of HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors?

A
  • Hypercholesterolemia
  • Combined hypercholesterolemia & Hypertriglyceridemia
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16
Q

what are the adverse effects of HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors?

A

Hepatic:
- Increased serum transaminases (Lovastatin - Niacin)

Muscles:
- mild Increase the activity of creatine kinase
- Rhobdomyolosis & Myoglobinuria
- Myopathy

GIT:
- Upset

Cataract:
- Lenticular opacities

Renal dysfunction

17
Q

what are examples of Activators of Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase (Fibrates)?

A
  • Gemfibrozel
  • Bezafibrate
  • clofibrate
  • fenofibrate
18
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Activators of Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase (Fibrates)?

A
  • Act on nuclear receptor (PPARS-Alpha), which leads to increasing the synthesis of LPL, leading to increase in the catabolism of VLDL & Chylomicrons
19
Q

what are the uses of Activators of Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase (Fibrates)?

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

20
Q

what are the adverse effects of Activators of Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase (Fibrates)?

A
  • Myopathy
  • Increased serum transaminases
  • Cholesterol gallstones
  • Skin rash
21
Q

drug interactions of Activators of Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase (Fibrates)

A
  • They increase the displacment of other drugs leading to potentiation of its action like coumarin anticoagulants, talbutamide & phenytoin
22
Q

what are examples of Inhibitors of Liver lipid production?

A
  • Nicotinic acid (Niacin, Vit B3)
23
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Inhibitors of Liver lipid production?

A
  • They dec rease lipolysis in the liver, which leads to decreasing the release of FFA —-> inhibition of VLDL and TGs synthesis —-> Decrease LDL
24
Q

what are the uses of Inhibitors of Liver lipid production?

A
  • Hyperlipidemia with elevated LDL,VLDL and decreased HDL (All types except type 1)
25
Q

what are the adverse effects of Inhibitors of Liver lipid production?

A
  • Flushing, Burning, Rash (PG release)
  • GIT irritation
  • Hyperglycemia & Hyperuricemia
  • Reversible increase in transmainases or alkaline phosphatase
26
Q

BMI categories

A
27
Q

what are the drugs used in treatment of obesity?

A
  1. Orlistat (Xenical)
  2. Lorcaserin (Belviq)
  3. Liraglutide (Saxenda)
  4. Sibutramine (Meridia)
28
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Orlistat?

A
  • Pancreatic lipase inhibitor, inhibits digestion and absorbtion of dietary fats leading to weight loss
29
Q

uses of Orlistat

A
  • Used for < 1 year
  • Patients who fail to lose at least 5% of their body weight within three months should stop
30
Q

Adverse effects of Orlistat

A
  • Steatorrhea
  • Flatulence
31
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Larcoserin?

(Recently approved)

A
  • Selective 5-HT2 receptor agonist in the hypothalamus leading to weight loss through satiety
32
Q

Uses of Larcoserin

A
  • Long term control of obesity
33
Q

Adverse effects of Larcoserin

A
  • Mainly headache
34
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Liraglutide?

A
  • Long-acting glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonist, binding to the same receptors as endogenous hormone GLP-1, stimulating insulin secretion
35
Q

Uses of Liraglutide

A
  • Treatment of type 2 DM
  • In 2015, It was approved for treatment of morbid obesity
36
Q

what is teh mechanism of action of sibutramine?

A
  • Centrally acting appetite suppresant related to amphetamine
  • Inhibits uptake of 5-HT & noradrenaline at hypothalamic sites that regulate food intake
37
Q

Adverse effects of Sibatrumine

A
  • Hypertension & Headache
  • Arrhythmia & Insomnia

Y2B2 - Nutrition & Metabolism 📗 (5 decks)

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