Pharmacology

Question 1

Antacids

Answer 1

MOA - Raise gastric pH thereby increasing the pH in the duodenum (neutralise acids)
SE - Diarrhoea, voimitig, cramps…

Used for - indigestion and heart burn

E.g. Magnesium or aluminium salts

• Sodium bicarbonate is a rapidly acting antacid but is well absorbed and can cause metabolic acidosis, sodium and water retention and renal stones

Question 2

Proton pump inhibitors

Answer 2

Irreversibly turn off proton pump
E.g. Lansoprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole

Question 3

Omeprazole

Answer 3

MOA - Irreversible proton pump inhibitor
Used for - Dyspepsia, peptic ulceration, reflux oesophagitis
SE - GI disturbance, headache, increased C diff
HYPONATRAEMIA

• Very well tolerated but can mask gastric cancer symptoms

Question 4

H2 receptor antagonists

Answer 4

MOA - Competitive antagonist at the H2 receptor in gastric parietal cells, inhibiting HCl production
SE - Diarrhoea, confusion, gynae in men
Used for - Peptic ulceration, reflux oesophagitis

E.g Cimetidine, ranitidine, nizatidine

Question 5

Loperamide

Answer 5

*Used to treat diarrhoea

Loperamide is a µ-opioid receptor agonist which does not have systemic effects as it is not absorbed through the gut

Question 6

Metoclopramide

Answer 6

• Anti emetic

MOA - Metoclopramide works through antagonism of the D2 dopamine receptors