Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Critical Care > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Atropine Sulfate- Indications

A

Indications: Organophosphate poisoning, symptomatic bradycardia, asystole or PEA, RSI pretreatment for peds <5yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Contraindications

A

Contraindications: Acute MI, myasthenia gravis, GI obstruction, closed-angle glaucoma, known sensitivity to atropine, belladonna alkaloids, sulfides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Adverse Reactions

A

Adverse Reactions: Dry mouth, hot skin temp, flushing, blurred vision, dilated pupils w/ photophobia, tachycardia, restlessness. May cause paradoxical bradycardia with low/slow dosing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Dose

A

Dose: Symptomatic Bradycardia: Adult: 0.5 mg IV/IO Q 3-5 min, up to 3 mg. Adolescent: 0.02 mg/kg, up to 2 mg.
Ped: 0.02 mg/kg, up to 1 mg.
Asystole/PEA: 1 mg IV/IO Q 3-5 min, up to 3 mg.

Organophosphate poisoning: Adult: 2-4 mg IV/IM, repeat Q 20-30 min until symptoms resolve. Severe cases initial dose can be 2-6 mg IV/IM Q 5-60 min Peds: 0.05 mg IV/IM Q 10-30 min. until symptoms resolve.
Infants <15 lb: 0.05 mg/kg IV/IM Q 5-20 min. until symptoms resolve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atropine Sulfate: MOA, Half-life

A

MOA: Reversible competition with acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptor site. Effects salivary, bronchial, sweat glands, eye, heart, and GI receptors (in order of most to least sensitive).

Possibly unsafe for lactating mothers. Ineffective for infra-nodal (type II) AV block and new 3rd-degree blocks with wide QRS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Atropine Sulfate: Class

A

Class: Anticholinergic (antimuscarinic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Betamethasone: Class

A

Class: Corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dexamethasone: Class

A

Class: Corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dexamethasone: AKA

A

AKA: Decadron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dexamethasone: Indications

A

Indications: Inflammatory conditions, adrenal insufficiency, nonresponsive forms of shock. Assists in lung development in premature infants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dexamethasone: Contraindications

A

Contraindications: Fungal infections, known sensitivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dexamethasone: Adverse Reactions

A

Adverse Reactions: Nausea/vomiting, edema, hypertension, hyperglycemia, immunosuppresion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dexamethasone: Dose

A

Dose: Adult: 1-6 mg/kg IV, max 40 mg.
Peds: 0.03-0.3 mg/kg IV/IO, divided into doses Q 6 hrs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dexamethasone: MOA

A

MOA: Reduces inflammation and immune responses.
Given via IV to mother for pre-term labor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Betamethasone: Indications

A

Indications: Steroid for assisting fetal lung development in premature infants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Betamethasone

A

Steroid for assisting fetal lung development in premature infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Calcium Chloride: Indications

A

Indications: For magnesium toxicity and for EKG changes in cases of crush injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fosphenytoin (Cerebrex): Indications

A

Indications: Second line siezure therapy when benzodiazepines aren’t effective. Also given prophylactically for siezure treatment in TBI pts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Crofab: Class

A

Class: Antidote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Crofab: Indications

A

Indications: Snake envenomation with acute symptoms of neuro disfunction or tissue compromise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Crofab: Dose

A

Dose: Multiple vials over hrs for complete treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cyanokit: Class

A

Class: Antidote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cyanokit: Indications

A

Indications: Cyanide exposure (fire or Nipride infusion w/o protective bag). Symptoms include tachycardia and hypertension in the presence of toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Dantrolene: Class

A

Class: Antidote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Dantrolene: Indications

A

Indications: Cyanide exposure (fire or Nipride infusion w/o protective bag). Symptoms include tachycardia and hypertension in the presence of toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

DDAVP (Desmopressin): MOA

A

MOA: Works by targeting the hyperthalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

DDAVP (Desmopressin): Therapeutic Level

A

Therapeutic Level: 30-50 ml/hr in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

DDAVP (Desmopressin): Indications

A

Indications: Diabetes Insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Demerol: Indications

A

Indications: Pain management
Not used in most RSI protocols.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin): Indications

A

Indications: Second line siezure therapy when benzodiazepines aren’t effective. Also given prophylactically for siezure treatment in TBI pts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Dobutamine: Class

A

Class: Vasopressor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Dobutamine: Indications

A

Indications: Cardiogenic shock patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Epinephrine: Dose

A

Dose: Push Pressor: 1cc of 1:10,000 with 9cc NS. Administer 0.5-20 mcg. If more than 3 push doses given consider epi infusion at 2-10 mcg/min.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Dobutamine: MOA

A

MOA: Increases stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Dopamine: Indications

A

Indications: Hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Dopamine: Contraindications

A

Contraindications: Use caution in patients with >lactate or cardiac dysfunction due to >O2 demand from >HR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Epinephrine: Indications

A

Indications: ACLS Indications. Given to catecholamine dependant patient that are hypotensive before RSI. Administered for Hypotension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Etomidate: Indications

A

Indications: Sedative for RSI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Etomidate: Contraindications

A

Contraindications: Septic patients or those with adrenal insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Etomidate: Dose

A

Dose: 0.3 mg/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Fentanyl: Indications

A

Indications: Pain management. RSI discomfort management during and post.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Heparin: Indications

A

Indications: Central line anticoagulant. Administered to AMI pts in the cath lab or during the clotting stages of DIC.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Heparin: Special considerations

A

Note: Withdraw 10-20 mL of blood from line and discard then accessing central lines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Hydralazine: Indications

A

Indications: Hypertension, OB patients for pre-eclampsia prior to Mag. Sulfate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Indomethacin: Indications

A

Indications: Patent fetal duct. Given in the NICU to close the duct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Indomethacin: Contraindications

A

Contraindications: Ductal dependent cardiac lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Indomethacin: MOA

A

MOA: It is an NSAID. It decreases prostaglandin synthesis, allowing the duct to close. Prostaglandins keep the duct open.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Integrillin: MOA

A

MOA: Decreases clot extension and minimizes MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Integrillin: Indications

A

Indications: Administered to NSTEMI patients in the cath lab.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Ketamine: Indications

A

Indications: RSI sedation, procedural sedation, pain management refractory to fentanyl.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Ketamine: Dose

A

Dose: RSI sedation: 2mg/kg Maintenance infusion post intubation: 0.75-1 mg/kg/hr to achieve RASS -4 to -5.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Labetalol: Indications

A

Indications: Beta-blocker given for hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Labetalol: Dose

A

Dose: Administer 20 mg, then 40 mg after 5 minutes, and 80 mg after 5 more minutes. Continue 80 mg doses to a max of 300 mg total.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Levothyroxine: Indications

A

Indications: Hypothyroidism with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Magnesium Sulfate: MOA

A

MOA: Relaxes smooth muscles

56
Q

Magnesium Sulfate: Indications

A

Indications: Given for pre-term labor, tachysystole, pre-eclampsia, and severe asthma.

57
Q

Mannitol: Indications

A

Indications: Used to treat >ICP with head injuries.

58
Q

Mannitol: Dose

A

Dose: Given as slow IV push at 1 mg/kg.

59
Q

Mannitol: MOA

A

MOA: Osmotic diuretic. Decreases CSF to lower ICP to prevent herniation.

60
Q

Methergine: Indications

A

Indications: Given post delivery for post-partum hemmorhage (>500 mL blood loss during and after labor).

61
Q

Milrinone: Indications

A

Indications: Used for

62
Q

Milrinone: MOA

A

MOA: Works on RV and LV to increase cardiac SV, increasing CO to treat hypotension.

63
Q

Mucomyst (N-acetylcysteine): Class

A

Class: Antidote

64
Q

Mucomyst (N-acetylcysteine): Indications

A

Indications: Tylenol OD

65
Q

Mucomyst (N-acetylcusteine): MOA

A

MOA: Inhaled medication

66
Q

Neostigmine: AKA

A

Prostigmin: AKA

67
Q

Neostigmine (Prostigmin): Indications

A

Indications: Given to patients with muscular disorders like myasthenia gravis, or as a reversal for non-depolarizing NMB agents (paralytics) during surgery.

68
Q

Neostigmine (Prostigmin): MOA

A

MOA: Cholinesterase inhibitor. Blocks acetylcholinesterase to increase acetylcholine levels. Stimulates muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.

69
Q

Phyostigmine: Indications

A

Indications: Used to treat anticholinergic syndrome which can be caused by atropine, jimsonweed, diarrhea med OD, GHB, etc.

70
Q

Phyostigmine: MOA

A

MOA: Cholinesterase inhibitor. Blocks acetylcholinesterase to increase acetylcholine levels. Can cross BBB, unlike Neostigmine.

71
Q

Neosynephrine: AKA

A

Phenylephrine: AKA

72
Q

Neosynephrine (Phenylephrine): Dose

A

Dose: Push pressor: Dissolve 10 mg in 250 mL NS, then draw 10 mL of the solution. Administer 0.5-2 mL, or 50-200 mcg per dose.
Can be given as an infusion.

73
Q

Neosynephrine (Phenylephrine): Indications

A

Indications: Given for hypotension.

74
Q

Nicardipine (Cardene): Indications

A

Indications: Hypertension

75
Q

Nicardipine (Cardene): Duration of Action

A

Duration of Action: Rapid onset, short-acting once infusion is stopped.

76
Q

Nicardipine (Cardene): Class

A

Class: Calcium-channel blocker

77
Q

Nicardipine (Cardene): MOA

A

MOA: Calcium-channel blocker

78
Q

Nimodipine: Indications

A

Indications: Given to subarachnoid hemorrhage patients to decrease vasospasms.

79
Q

Nimodipine: Precaution

A

Precaution: Vasospasms can cause significant sequelae due to < blood supply, decreasing oxygenation to that brain area.

80
Q

Nipride: AKA

A

Nitroprusside: AKA

81
Q

Nipride (Nitroprusside): Precaution

A

Precaution: Requires a protective black bag over the IV bag. Light reaction causes formation of cyanide. Observed as >BP and HR with

82
Q

Nipride (Nitroprusside): Indications

A

Indications: Hypertension

83
Q

Nitric Oxide: Indications

A

Indications: Persistent pulmonary hypertension with pulmonary resistance of 2/3 or higher the systemic vascular resistance.

84
Q

Nitric Oxide: Dose

A

Dose: Inhaled @ 10-20 ppm. Doses >60-80 ppm may require a vasopressor to increase SVR while decreasing PVR due to systemic vasodilation.

85
Q

Norepinephrine: AKA

A

Levophed: AKA

86
Q

Norepinephrine: MOA

A

MOA: Used as a first line pressor for distributive shock (sepsis or SCI) due to strong alpha effect leading to profound vasoconstriction without increasing HR. This also does not significantly increase oxygen demand so its good for patients who are oxygen demand intensive.

87
Q

Norepinephrine: Indications

A

Indications: Given for severe hypotension as an infusion.
Not available as a push pressor.

88
Q

Octreotide: AKA

A

Sandostatin: AKA

89
Q

Octreotide (Sandostatin): Indications

A

Indications: Given to decrease portal hypertension in patients with esophageal varices and GI bleeds.

90
Q

Octreotide (Sandostatin): MOA

A

MOA: Dilates the portal vein, decreasing portal hypertension.

91
Q

Oxytocin: AKA

A

Pitocin: AKA

92
Q

Oxytocin (Pitocin): Indications

A

Indications: Given in EMS and HEMS to stimulate uterine contraction after delivery to treat post-partum hemorrhage.

93
Q

Oxytocin (Pitocin): Indications (hospital)

A

Indications (hospital): In hospital its used to induce labor and to increase contraction strength and regularity. If administered and noting >5 contractions in 10 minutes (tachysystole), stop or reduce infusion of pitocin.

94
Q

Phenobarbital: Indications

A

Indications: Third line anti-seizure medication.

95
Q

Phenobarbitol: MOA

A

MOA: Can induce coma to prevent seizure activity.

96
Q

Prostoglandin E1 (PGE1): Indications

A

Indications: Given to NICU patients with congenital heart defects that are ductal dependent lesions.

97
Q

Prostoglandin E1 (PGE1): MOA

A

MOA: Keeps ducts open so blood can mix until the patient can get to definitive care, or until surgical intervention can correct the defect.

98
Q

Rhogam: Indications

A

Indications: Given to women of child-bearing years with an Rh- in their blood type and they are being given Rh+ blood products, deliver the baby, suffer trauma while pregnant, or have a miscarriage.

99
Q

Rocuronium: Indications

A

Indications: Non-depolarizing paralytic for RSI.

100
Q

Rocuronium: Dose

A

Dose: 1 mg/kg
20-30 minute duration of action

101
Q

Rocuronium: Reversal

A

Reversal: Neostigmine

102
Q

Romazicon: Indications

A

Indications: Benzodiazepine OD reversal agent.

103
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate: Indications

A

Indications: Treatment of acidosis, increased ICP due to head injury, or crush injury.

104
Q

Succinylcholine: Indications

A

Indications: Depolarizing paralytic

105
Q

Succinylcholine: Contraindications

A

Contraindications: hyperkalemia, myasthenia gravis, burns >24 hrs, renal failure withouth dialysis, penetrating eye injury.

106
Q

Succinylcholine: Dose

A

Dose: 1-1.5 mg/kg

107
Q

Succinylcholine: Reversal

A

Reversal: Can be reversed with Dantrolene. Watch for malignant hyperthermia.

108
Q

Terbutaline: Indications

A

Indications: Used to treat pre-term labor and severe asthma attacks.

109
Q

Terbutaline: Contraindications

A

Contraindications: Use caution when administering simultaneously with mag sulfate. May cause pulmonary edema.

110
Q

Terbutaline: Dose

A

Dose: 0.25 mg SQ

111
Q

Tridil (IV nitroglycerin): Indications

A

Indications: AMI

112
Q

Tranexamic Acid (TXA): Indications

A

Indications: Given to patients with severe hemorrhage to prevent breakdown of already formed clots.

113
Q

Tranexamic Acid (TXA): Dose

A

Dose: 1 g in 100 mL over 10 minutes, then 1 g in 500 mL over 8 hrs and administered at 62.5 mL/hr.

114
Q

Vasopressin (ADH): Indications

A

Indications: Hypotension, especially in septic and GI hemorrhage patients.

115
Q

Vecuronium: Indications

A

Indications: Long-acting non-depolarizing paralytic for intubated patients.

116
Q

Vecuronium: Duration of Action

A

Duration of Action: ~45 minutes. Not used in EMS often due to long DOA.

117
Q

Vecuronium: Considerations

A

Considerations: Sometimes used in ARDS patients with 2:1 vent ratio to aid in vent tolerance due to severe oxemia.

118
Q

Versed: Indications

A

Indications: Post-intubation sedation or for seizure management. Can be given to combative patients such as those on PCP, bath salts, etc.

119
Q

ACE Inhibitors: AKA

A

AKA: Captopril (Capoten), Enalapril (Vasotec), Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), Ramipril (Altace)

120
Q

ACE Inhibitors: Indications

A

Indications: CHF, hypertension, post-MI

121
Q

ACE Inhibitors: Contraindications

A

Contraindications: Angioedema related to previous ACE inhibitor use, known sensitivity. Use caution with aortic stenosis, acute kidney failure, elevated serum potassium levels, etc.

122
Q

ACE Inhibitors: Adverse Effects

A

Adverse Effects: H/A, dizziness, fatigue, depression, chest pain, hypotension, palpitations, cough, dyspnea, N/V, upper resp. inf., rash, pruritus, angioedema, renal failure.

123
Q

ACE Inhibitors: Dose

A

Dose: Adult: individualized oral dosages.
Pediatric: individualized oral dosages.

124
Q

ACE Inhibitors: MOA

A

MOA: Decreases BP and cardiac remodeling. Blocks the enzyme responsible for angiotensin II production, lowering BP.

125
Q

Albumin: Class

A

Class: Volume Expander, Colloid

126
Q

Albumin: Indications

A

Indications: Low protein, extravasation to third spaces (post burn, sepsis, etc.) Used to expand intravascular volume.

127
Q

Albumin: Contraindications

A

Contraindications: Severe anemia or cardiac failure with normal or increased intravascular volume. Solution appears turbid, or 4 hours after opening container. Known sensitivity

128
Q

Albumin: Adverse Reactions

A

Adverse Reactions: Allergic reaction, CHF or pulmonary edema in susceptible patients.

129
Q

Albumin: Dose

A

Dose: Available as 5% solution in 500 mL and 25% solution in 100 mL.
Adult: 5%- 500-1000 mL IV/IO 25%-50-200 mL IV/IO

130
Q

Albumin: MOA

A

MOA: Increases oncotic pressure, drawing fluid back into the vasculature.

131
Q

Amiodarone: MOA

A

MOA: Acts directly on the myocardium to delay repolarization and increase the duration of the action potential.

132
Q
A

Dose: ACLS Dosing
V. fib and PV-tach: 300 mg IV/IO followed by 150 mg IV/IO after 3-5 min.
ACLS dose for V-tach with and w/o pulse; V-fib management dosing
Peds: 5 mg/kg(max 300 mg); may repeat 5 mg/kg IV/IO up to 15 mg/kg.

133
Q

Amiodarone: Class

A

Class: Antiarrhythmic, Class III

134
Q

Amiodarone: Indications

A

Indications: Ventricular arrhythmias, second-line atrial arrhythmia agent.

135
Q

Amiodarone: Contraindications

A

Contraindications: Sick sinus syndrome, 2nd and 3rd degree heart blocks, cardiogenic shock, bradycardia resulting in syncope, sensitivity to benzyl alcohol and iodine.

136
Q

Amiodarone: Adverse Reactions

A

Adverse Reactions: Burning at the IV site, hypotension, bradycardia.

Critical Care (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions