Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PTCB test > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of origin, uses, preparation and effects of drugs on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Therapeutic Window

A

Measures the dose required for the medication to be effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Efficacy

A

creating a desired results or effects for most of the population, though not all.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is used for blood clotting, has a very narrow therapeutic window, it’s used must be monitored, and the effective dose must be adjusted based on blood testing and other factors.

A

Warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Metabolism

A

The transformation of a drug compounds, into drug metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Distribution

A

The dispersion of a drug throughout the body’s fluid and tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which is not mechanism of pharmacokinetics?

A

Bioequivalence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ph level

A

measures of acidity or alkalinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bioavailability relies on all factors except?

A

liberation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which is not a route of administration?

A

absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bioavailability depends on a specific factors essential to each individual drug?

A

Pharmaceutical Form

Chemical Form

Routes of Administration

Stability

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the mechanism of pharmacokinetics?

A

Liberation

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pharmacokinetic

A

Branch of pharmacology that interprets what happens to a drug after it enters the body, from when it’s administered to the point of its elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Agonist

A

Chemical capable of activating a receptors to generate therapeutic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Partial Agonist

A

Only partially activates receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Enzymes

A

Capable of producing chemical changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are biotechnology research advancing pharmacology build on?

A

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics

Clinical Trials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Transport molecules

A

capable of transporting protein molecules from one cellular structure to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ligand

A

A substance forms a complex with a molecule, binding to hormones, neurotransmitter, or neuromodulator receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is not considered a drug action?

A

cellular membrane distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is one of the undesired effect of a drug?

A

cell mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In today’s biotechnology, what are used to produce highly complex compounds from microbes and treatments

A

The proteins from plants and animals that are taken from cells and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Genetic engineering

A

Manipulates chemical bonds and structures from microbes and human genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pharmacodynamic

A

Branch of pharmacology that involves how drugs affects the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Seven Actions of Drugs on the system occur at a molecular or a cellular level

A
  1. Stimulating Action
  2. Depressing Action
    3.Antagonizing Action
  3. Stabilizing Action
    5 Replacing Action
  4. Direct constructive chemical reaction
  5. Direct Harmful chemical reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Receptor

A

A protein molecule in a cellular membrane that can bind to a complementary molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Duration of Action

A

How long the drugs will be effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Affinity

A

The evolutionary relationship between a relative organism that develop drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

liberation

A

The release of a drug from its pharmaceutical formulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

excretion

A

The elimination of a drug from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

absorption

A

The process of a drug entering the blood

32
Q

What are the routes of administration?

A 
Oral
Sublingual
Transdermal
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Rectal
Vaginal
Intranasal
Inhalational
Subcutaneous
33
Q

Oral

A

By mouth

34
Q

Sublingual

A

Under the tongue

35
Q

Transdermal

A

Through the skin

36
Q

Intramuscular

A

Into the muscle

37
Q

Intravenous

A

Into the Vein

38
Q

Rectal

A

Into the rectum

39
Q

Vaginal

A

Into the Vagina

40
Q

Intranasal

A

Through the nose

41
Q

Inhalational

A

Into the lungs

42
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Under the Skin

43
Q

Stimulating Action

A

The direct effects from the receptor agonist that stimulates the body

44
Q

Depressing Action

A

The direct effects of the receptor agonist that depresses the body

45
Q

Antagonizing Action

A

Refers to a drug binding to receptor without activating it

46
Q

Direct Constructive Chemical Reaction

A

refers to a drug producing beneficial results

47
Q

Direct Harmful Chemical Reaction

A

Refers to a drug causing cells destruction. which can be beneficial in a situation such as cancer treatment

48
Q

Replacing Action

A

refers to accumulation of a substance in the system, such as glycogen stored as carbohydrates

49
Q

Passive Diffusion

A

Inactive Transport of a biochemical substance without the need for energy input

50
Q

First-Pass effect

A

When the drugs metabolism is greatly diminished before it distributed into the circulatory system

51
Q

Bioequivalent

A

They have the same chemical form, just formulated differently but they are absorbed equally by the body.

52
Q

Lipid water partition

A

Drug molecules can cross over cell membrane via either lipid pathways, or water channels

53
Q

Placenta Barrier

A

Semipermeable layer of tissues in the placenta that restricts passing from mothers to fetus blood

54
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A

This barrier stops certain substance from flowing freely through the blood and entering the brain

55
Q

Plasma Protein Binding

A

The way protein binds within a plasma affects drug efficiency as well as how proficiently drug diffuses through a cell membrane

56
Q

Clinical Trials

A

Pharmaceutical, Biomedical, or Behavioral Clinical Research studies and include voluntary participants of human subjects

57
Q

What is the purpose of a clinical trial?

A

Compile data and research on a specific drug as well on the participants response to it to see whether its safe and effective

58
Q

What are the examples of Clinical Trials?

A 
Treatment Trials
Prevention Trials
Diagnostic Trials
Screening Trials
Quality of Life Trials
59
Q

Treatment Trials

A

Focus on new treatment or new combination of a drug

60
Q

Prevention Trials

A

Seek ways to prevent disease

61
Q

Diagnostic Trials

A

refined test used in diagnosing disease

62
Q

Screening Trials

A

Enhance disease detection

63
Q

Quality of Life Trials

A

Research on how to improve patients comfort and quality of life

64
Q

Sometimes a ___ or a drug that has no pharmacological effect will be key in pointing out the true efficacy of the investigation drug

A

Placebo

65
Q

Pharmacokinetics informs how basic characteristics of drug such as?

A

solubility
bioavailability
measures of acidity
absorption and distribution

66
Q

with investigational drugs, how many phases do trials are usually classified?

A

5 phases

67
Q

What are the pharmacy technician responsible for during clinical trials?

A

Preparing
Maintaining
Auditing

68
Q

Investigational drugs are stored separately from other drugs and required a logbook which must contain?

A
  1. Drug name
  2. Drug Strength
  3. Unit size
  4. Protocol titles and numbers
  5. principles investigator
  6. Drug lot number
  7. identification
  8. Date dispensed
  9. Dose dispensed
  10. Stock balance
  11. Pharmacist initials
69
Q

Inhibitory Concentration

A

measures how much of a dose is needed to activate biochemical functions

70
Q

Effective Concentration

A

refers to the concentration of a drug after a specific exposure time that activates a response halfway between the baseline and maximum dose

71
Q

Graded dose-response curve

A

Calculates concentrated compounds, using half maximal effective dose concentration (ED50) and using half maximal inhibitory dose concentration(IC50)

72
Q

Effective Dose (ED50)

A

50% of participants experience some therapeutic effects

73
Q

Lethal Dose(LD50)

A

50% of participants will die

74
Q

Toxic Dose (TD50)

A

50% of participants experience some toxic effects

75
Q

What are the 3 different doses are used in a dose response curve?

A
  1. Effective Dose
  2. Toxic Dose
  3. Lethal Dose

PTCB test (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions