Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PTCB test > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of origin, uses, preparation and effects of drugs on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Therapeutic Window

A

Measures the dose required for the medication to be effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Efficacy

A

creating a desired results or effects for most of the population, though not all.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is used for blood clotting, has a very narrow therapeutic window, it’s used must be monitored, and the effective dose must be adjusted based on blood testing and other factors.

A

Warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Metabolism

A

The transformation of a drug compounds, into drug metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Distribution

A

The dispersion of a drug throughout the body’s fluid and tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which is not mechanism of pharmacokinetics?

A

Bioequivalence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ph level

A

measures of acidity or alkalinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bioavailability relies on all factors except?

A

liberation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which is not a route of administration?

A

absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bioavailability depends on a specific factors essential to each individual drug?

A

Pharmaceutical Form

Chemical Form

Routes of Administration

Stability

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the mechanism of pharmacokinetics?

A

Liberation

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pharmacokinetic

A

Branch of pharmacology that interprets what happens to a drug after it enters the body, from when it’s administered to the point of its elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Agonist

A

Chemical capable of activating a receptors to generate therapeutic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Partial Agonist

A

Only partially activates receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Enzymes

A

Capable of producing chemical changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are biotechnology research advancing pharmacology build on?

A

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics

Clinical Trials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Transport molecules

A

capable of transporting protein molecules from one cellular structure to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ligand

A

A substance forms a complex with a molecule, binding to hormones, neurotransmitter, or neuromodulator receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is not considered a drug action?

A

cellular membrane distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is one of the undesired effect of a drug?

A

cell mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In today’s biotechnology, what are used to produce highly complex compounds from microbes and treatments

A

The proteins from plants and animals that are taken from cells and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Genetic engineering

A

Manipulates chemical bonds and structures from microbes and human genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pharmacodynamic

A

Branch of pharmacology that involves how drugs affects the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Seven Actions of Drugs on the system occur at a molecular or a cellular level
1. Stimulating Action 2. Depressing Action 3.Antagonizing Action 4. Stabilizing Action 5 Replacing Action 6. Direct constructive chemical reaction 7. Direct Harmful chemical reaction
26
Receptor
A protein molecule in a cellular membrane that can bind to a complementary molecule
27
Duration of Action
How long the drugs will be effective
28
Affinity
The evolutionary relationship between a relative organism that develop drugs
29
liberation
The release of a drug from its pharmaceutical formulation
30
excretion
The elimination of a drug from the body
31
absorption
The process of a drug entering the blood
32
What are the routes of administration?
``` Oral Sublingual Transdermal Intravenous Intramuscular Rectal Vaginal Intranasal Inhalational Subcutaneous ```
33
Oral
By mouth
34
Sublingual
Under the tongue
35
Transdermal
Through the skin
36
Intramuscular
Into the muscle
37
Intravenous
Into the Vein
38
Rectal
Into the rectum
39
Vaginal
Into the Vagina
40
Intranasal
Through the nose
41
Inhalational
Into the lungs
42
Subcutaneous
Under the Skin
43
Stimulating Action
The direct effects from the receptor agonist that stimulates the body
44
Depressing Action
The direct effects of the receptor agonist that depresses the body
45
Antagonizing Action
Refers to a drug binding to receptor without activating it
46
Direct Constructive Chemical Reaction
refers to a drug producing beneficial results
47
Direct Harmful Chemical Reaction
Refers to a drug causing cells destruction. which can be beneficial in a situation such as cancer treatment
48
Replacing Action
refers to accumulation of a substance in the system, such as glycogen stored as carbohydrates
49
Passive Diffusion
Inactive Transport of a biochemical substance without the need for energy input
50
First-Pass effect
When the drugs metabolism is greatly diminished before it distributed into the circulatory system
51
Bioequivalent
They have the same chemical form, just formulated differently but they are absorbed equally by the body.
52
Lipid water partition
Drug molecules can cross over cell membrane via either lipid pathways, or water channels
53
Placenta Barrier
Semipermeable layer of tissues in the placenta that restricts passing from mothers to fetus blood
54
Blood-Brain Barrier
This barrier stops certain substance from flowing freely through the blood and entering the brain
55
Plasma Protein Binding
The way protein binds within a plasma affects drug efficiency as well as how proficiently drug diffuses through a cell membrane
56
Clinical Trials
Pharmaceutical, Biomedical, or Behavioral Clinical Research studies and include voluntary participants of human subjects
57
What is the purpose of a clinical trial?
Compile data and research on a specific drug as well on the participants response to it to see whether its safe and effective
58
What are the examples of Clinical Trials?
``` Treatment Trials Prevention Trials Diagnostic Trials Screening Trials Quality of Life Trials ```
59
Treatment Trials
Focus on new treatment or new combination of a drug
60
Prevention Trials
Seek ways to prevent disease
61
Diagnostic Trials
refined test used in diagnosing disease
62
Screening Trials
Enhance disease detection
63
Quality of Life Trials
Research on how to improve patients comfort and quality of life
64
Sometimes a ___ or a drug that has no pharmacological effect will be key in pointing out the true efficacy of the investigation drug
Placebo
65
Pharmacokinetics informs how basic characteristics of drug such as?
solubility bioavailability measures of acidity absorption and distribution
66
with investigational drugs, how many phases do trials are usually classified?
5 phases
67
What are the pharmacy technician responsible for during clinical trials?
Preparing Maintaining Auditing
68
Investigational drugs are stored separately from other drugs and required a logbook which must contain?
1. Drug name 2. Drug Strength 3. Unit size 4. Protocol titles and numbers 5. principles investigator 6. Drug lot number 7. identification 8. Date dispensed 9. Dose dispensed 10. Stock balance 11. Pharmacist initials
69
Inhibitory Concentration
measures how much of a dose is needed to activate biochemical functions
70
Effective Concentration
refers to the concentration of a drug after a specific exposure time that activates a response halfway between the baseline and maximum dose
71
Graded dose-response curve
Calculates concentrated compounds, using half maximal effective dose concentration (ED50) and using half maximal inhibitory dose concentration(IC50)
72
Effective Dose (ED50)
50% of participants experience some therapeutic effects
73
Lethal Dose(LD50)
50% of participants will die
74
Toxic Dose (TD50)
50% of participants experience some toxic effects
75
What are the 3 different doses are used in a dose response curve?
1. Effective Dose 2. Toxic Dose 3. Lethal Dose

PTCB test (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions