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PCT 3 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are ACE Inhibitors?

A

Drugs used to treat hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephrology or to reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction. ACE inhibitors can be recognized by names that end with the letters “pril”.

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2
Q

What does ACE stand for?

A

Angiotension-converting enzyme

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3
Q

What are alpha-blockers?

A

Drugs used to treat hypertension or urinary obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Most alpha-blockers have names ending in “osin”.

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4
Q

What are three exceptions for alpha-blockers that do not end in “osin”?

A

Indoramin
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine

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5
Q

ACE Inhibitors that end in “pril”…

A 
Captopril
Cilazapril
Enalapril
Fosinopril
Lisinopril
Quinapril
Ramipril
Trandolapril
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6
Q

Alpha-blockers that end in “osin”…

A 
Alfuzosin
Doxazosin
Prazosin 
Tamsulosin
Terazosin
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7
Q

What are Angiotension-ll Receptor Antagonists?

A

Drugs used to treat hypertension, heart failure or diabetic nephropathy. Angiotension-ll Receptor Antagonists end with “sartan”.

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8
Q

Angiotension-ll Receptor Antagonists that end in “sartan”…

A 
Candesartan 
Irbesartan
Losartan
Teimisartan
Valsartan
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9
Q

What are Antibiotics?

A

Drugs used to treat bacterial infections: with different kinds of antibiotics used to treat particular kinds of bacteria.

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10
Q

Many antibiotics have names ending in “cin”. More specifically: antibiotics of the quinolone class end with “floxacin”…

A 
Amikacin
Ciprofloxacin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin 
Gentamicin
Levofloxacin
Rifampicin
Vancomycin
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11
Q

Penicillins can be identified by the suffix “calling”…

A

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Flucloxacillin
Penicillin

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12
Q

Antibiotics of the cephalosporin class have names beginning with “cef”…

A

Cefalexin
Ceftazidime
Ceftriaxone

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13
Q

Carbapenem antibiotics end with “penem”…

A

Doripenem
Imipenem (given with enzyme inhibitor cilastatin).
Meropenem

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14
Q

Tetracycline antibiotics end with “cycline”…

A

Doxycycline
Lymecycline
Tigecycline

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15
Q

Rifamycin antibiotics have names beginning with “rif”…

A

Rifabutin

Rifampicin

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16
Q

What are some exceptions: despite ending in “cin” that you should not mistake for antibiotics …

A 
Acemetacin (NSAIDs)
Indometacin (NSAIDs)
Darifenacin (antimuscarinic drug)
Solifenacin (antimuscarinic drug)
Oxytocin (a drug used in obstetrics)
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17
Q

What are benzodiazepines?

A

Sedatives given to treat insomnia, reduce anxiety or to prevent or treat seizures. Most benzodiazepines have names ending with either “azepam” or “azolam”

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18
Q

Benzodiazepines that end in “azepam”…

A 
Clonazepam
Diazepam
Flurazepam
Lorazepam
Lormetazepam
Nitrazepam
Oxazepam
Temazepam
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19
Q

Benzodiazepines that end in “azolam”…

A

Alprazolam
Loprazolam
Midazolam

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20
Q

An important benzodiazepine that has a different suffix…

A

Chlordiazepoxide

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21
Q

What is chlordiazepoxide often used for?

A

Chlodiazepoxide is a benzodiazepine often used to help manage the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.

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22
Q

What are beta-blockers?

A

Drugs used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina, heart failure or cardiac arrhythmia. They end with “lol” or “olol”.

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23
Q

Beta-blocker that end in “lol”…

A

Sotalol

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24
Q

Beta-blocker that end in “olol”…

A 
Atenolol
Bisoprolol
Esmolol
Metoprolol
Nebovolol
Propranolol
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25
Q

Beta-blockers ending in “lol” should not be mistaken for drugs that end in ….

A

“Amol”

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26
Q

What are Bisphosphonates?

A

Drugs used to treat osteoporosis or hypercalcemia. Bisphosphonates have names that end with “dronate” or “dronic acid”.

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27
Q

What do Bisphosphonates do?

A

The drug inhibits bone re-absorption and so helps preserve bone density and prevent the release of excess calcium into the bloodstream.

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28
Q

Bisphosphonates that end with “dronate”…

A

Clodronate
Pamidronate
Risedronate

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29
Q

Bisphosphonates that end with “dronic acid”…

A

Alendronic acid

Zoledronic acid

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30
Q

What are Class ll Calcium Channel Blockers?

A

Drugs used to treat hypertension or angina. Have names ending in “dipine”.

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31
Q

Class ll Calcium Channel Blockers that end in “dipine”…

A 
Amlodipine
Felodipine
Isradipine
Lacidipine
Nicardipine
Nifedipine
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32
Q

What are corticosteroids?

A

Drugs given to reduce inflammation or to treat allergic, asthmatic or rheumatic disorders.
Most corticosteroids have names ending in “sone”, “solone”, “olone”, or “sonide”.

33
Q

Corticosteroids that end in “sone”…

A 
Beclometasone
Betamethasone
Dexamethasone
Fludrocortisone
Flumetasone
Fluticasone
Hydrocortisone
Mometasone
34
Q

Corticosteroids that end in “solone” or “olone”…

A

Diflucortolone
Methylprednisolone
Prednisolone

35
Q

Corticosteroids that end in “sonide”…

A

Budesonide

Ciclesonide

36
Q

What are 5HT3 Antagonists?

A

Antiemetics used to treat severe nausea and vomiting, they end with “setron”.

37
Q

5HT3 Antagonists…

A

Dolasetron
Granisetron
Ondansetron
Palonosetron

38
Q

What are H2 Blockers?

A

Drugs used to treat oesophageal reflux, dyspepsia and gastric ulcers, end with the suffix “tidine”.

39
Q

H2 Blockers…

A

Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Rantidine

40
Q

What is a drug ending in “tidine” that is not an H2 Blocker?

A

Azacitidine- a chemotherapy drug.

41
Q

What does NSAID stand for?

A

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drug

42
Q

What do NSAIDs do?

A

Anti-inflammatory painkillers that work by reducing prostaglandin levels. Many NSAIDs are derived from acetic acid, fenamic acid or propionic acid and tend to have names that end with “ac”, “fenac” or “profen”.

43
Q

NSAIDs that end with “ac” or “fenac”…

A

Aceclofenac
Diclofenac
Etodolac
Ketorolac

44
Q

NSAIDs that end in “profen”…

A 
Dexibuprofen
Dexketoprofen
Fenbufen
Fenoprofen
Flurbiprofen
Ibuprofen 
Ketoprofen
45
Q

What is Paracetamol?

A

A painkiller that also has an antipyretic effect.

46
Q

What are Phenothiazines?

A

Antipsychotic drugs developed in the 1950s to treat schizophrenia but some of which are now used as antiemetics. They end with either “promazine” or “perazine”.

47
Q

Phenothiazines…

A

Chlorpromazine
Levomepromazine
Prochlorperazine
Trifluoperazine

48
Q

What are Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?

A

Drugs used to prevent or treat gastric or duodenal ulcers, have names ending in “prazole”.

49
Q

List proton pump Inhibitors…

A 
Esomeprazole
Lansoprazole
Omeprazole
Pantoprazole
Rabeprazole
50
Q

What is the name of the drug ending in “prazol” that is not a PPI?

A

Aripiprazole - an antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia.

51
Q

What are Statins?

A

Hypolipidaemic agents, drugs used to lower abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Statins end with the suffix “vastatin”.

52
Q

List Statins ending in “vastatin”…

A 
Atorvastatin
Fluvastatin
Pravastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin
53
Q

What drugs should you not mistaken for cholesterol-lowering agents?

A

Nystatin - an antifungal drug
Pentostatin - an anticancer drug
Cilastatin - an enzyme inhibitor given with the antibiotic iipenem.

54
Q

What are sulphonylureas?

A

Drugs given to help treat type ll diabetes. Most sulphonylureas can be recognized by names that begin with the prefix “gli”.

55
Q

List sulphoylureas…

A 
Glibenclamide
Gliclazide
Glimepiride
Glipizide
Tolbutamide
56
Q

What do ACe Inhibitors end with?

A

Pril

57
Q

What do most Alpha-blockers end with?

A

Osin

58
Q

What do many antibiotics end with?

A

Cin

59
Q

What do carbapenem antibiotics end with?

A

Penem

60
Q

What do cephalosporin antibiotics begin with?

A

Cef

61
Q

What do Penicillin antibiotics end with?

A

Cillin

62
Q

What do quinolone antibiotics end with?

A

Floxacin

63
Q

What do rifamycin antibiotics begin with?

A

Rif

64
Q

What do tetracycline antibiotics end with?

A

Cycline

65
Q

What do Angiotension-ll Receptor Antagonists end with?

A

Sartan

66
Q

What do benzodiazepines end with?

A

Azepam or azolam

67
Q

What do Beta-blockers end with?

A

Olol or lol

68
Q

What do Bisphosphonates end with?

A

Dronate or dronic acid

69
Q

What do class ll Calcium Channel Blockers end with?

A

Dipine

70
Q

What do corticosteroids end with?

A

Sone, solone, olone, sonide

71
Q

What to 5HT3 Antagonists end with

A

Setron

72
Q

What do H2 Blockers end with?

A

Tidine

73
Q

What do most NSAIDs end with?

A

Ac, fenac, or profen

74
Q

What do paracetamol compounds end with?

A

Amol

75
Q

What do phenothiazines end with?

A

Promazine or perazine

76
Q

What do Proton pump Inhibitors end with?

A

Prazole

77
Q

What do statins end with?

A

Vastatin

78
Q

What do sulphonylureas begin with?

A

Gli

PCT 3 (2 decks)

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