Pharmacology Flashcards
What are ACE Inhibitors?
Drugs used to treat hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephrology or to reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction. ACE inhibitors can be recognized by names that end with the letters “pril”.
What does ACE stand for?
Angiotension-converting enzyme
What are alpha-blockers?
Drugs used to treat hypertension or urinary obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Most alpha-blockers have names ending in “osin”.
What are three exceptions for alpha-blockers that do not end in “osin”?
Indoramin
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
ACE Inhibitors that end in “pril”…
Captopril Cilazapril Enalapril Fosinopril Lisinopril Quinapril Ramipril Trandolapril
Alpha-blockers that end in “osin”…
Alfuzosin Doxazosin Prazosin Tamsulosin Terazosin
What are Angiotension-ll Receptor Antagonists?
Drugs used to treat hypertension, heart failure or diabetic nephropathy. Angiotension-ll Receptor Antagonists end with “sartan”.
Angiotension-ll Receptor Antagonists that end in “sartan”…
Candesartan Irbesartan Losartan Teimisartan Valsartan
What are Antibiotics?
Drugs used to treat bacterial infections: with different kinds of antibiotics used to treat particular kinds of bacteria.
Many antibiotics have names ending in “cin”. More specifically: antibiotics of the quinolone class end with “floxacin”…
Amikacin Ciprofloxacin Clarithromycin Erythromycin Gentamicin Levofloxacin Rifampicin Vancomycin
Penicillins can be identified by the suffix “calling”…
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Flucloxacillin
Penicillin
Antibiotics of the cephalosporin class have names beginning with “cef”…
Cefalexin
Ceftazidime
Ceftriaxone
Carbapenem antibiotics end with “penem”…
Doripenem
Imipenem (given with enzyme inhibitor cilastatin).
Meropenem
Tetracycline antibiotics end with “cycline”…
Doxycycline
Lymecycline
Tigecycline
Rifamycin antibiotics have names beginning with “rif”…
Rifabutin
Rifampicin
What are some exceptions: despite ending in “cin” that you should not mistake for antibiotics …
Acemetacin (NSAIDs) Indometacin (NSAIDs) Darifenacin (antimuscarinic drug) Solifenacin (antimuscarinic drug) Oxytocin (a drug used in obstetrics)
What are benzodiazepines?
Sedatives given to treat insomnia, reduce anxiety or to prevent or treat seizures. Most benzodiazepines have names ending with either “azepam” or “azolam”
Benzodiazepines that end in “azepam”…
Clonazepam Diazepam Flurazepam Lorazepam Lormetazepam Nitrazepam Oxazepam Temazepam
Benzodiazepines that end in “azolam”…
Alprazolam
Loprazolam
Midazolam
An important benzodiazepine that has a different suffix…
Chlordiazepoxide
What is chlordiazepoxide often used for?
Chlodiazepoxide is a benzodiazepine often used to help manage the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.
What are beta-blockers?
Drugs used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina, heart failure or cardiac arrhythmia. They end with “lol” or “olol”.
Beta-blocker that end in “lol”…
Sotalol
Beta-blocker that end in “olol”…
Atenolol Bisoprolol Esmolol Metoprolol Nebovolol Propranolol
Beta-blockers ending in “lol” should not be mistaken for drugs that end in ….
“Amol”
What are Bisphosphonates?
Drugs used to treat osteoporosis or hypercalcemia. Bisphosphonates have names that end with “dronate” or “dronic acid”.
What do Bisphosphonates do?
The drug inhibits bone re-absorption and so helps preserve bone density and prevent the release of excess calcium into the bloodstream.
Bisphosphonates that end with “dronate”…
Clodronate
Pamidronate
Risedronate
Bisphosphonates that end with “dronic acid”…
Alendronic acid
Zoledronic acid
What are Class ll Calcium Channel Blockers?
Drugs used to treat hypertension or angina. Have names ending in “dipine”.
Class ll Calcium Channel Blockers that end in “dipine”…
Amlodipine Felodipine Isradipine Lacidipine Nicardipine Nifedipine
What are corticosteroids?
Drugs given to reduce inflammation or to treat allergic, asthmatic or rheumatic disorders.
Most corticosteroids have names ending in “sone”, “solone”, “olone”, or “sonide”.
Corticosteroids that end in “sone”…
Beclometasone Betamethasone Dexamethasone Fludrocortisone Flumetasone Fluticasone Hydrocortisone Mometasone
Corticosteroids that end in “solone” or “olone”…
Diflucortolone
Methylprednisolone
Prednisolone
Corticosteroids that end in “sonide”…
Budesonide
Ciclesonide
What are 5HT3 Antagonists?
Antiemetics used to treat severe nausea and vomiting, they end with “setron”.
5HT3 Antagonists…
Dolasetron
Granisetron
Ondansetron
Palonosetron
What are H2 Blockers?
Drugs used to treat oesophageal reflux, dyspepsia and gastric ulcers, end with the suffix “tidine”.
H2 Blockers…
Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Rantidine
What is a drug ending in “tidine” that is not an H2 Blocker?
Azacitidine- a chemotherapy drug.
What does NSAID stand for?
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drug
What do NSAIDs do?
Anti-inflammatory painkillers that work by reducing prostaglandin levels. Many NSAIDs are derived from acetic acid, fenamic acid or propionic acid and tend to have names that end with “ac”, “fenac” or “profen”.
NSAIDs that end with “ac” or “fenac”…
Aceclofenac
Diclofenac
Etodolac
Ketorolac
NSAIDs that end in “profen”…
Dexibuprofen Dexketoprofen Fenbufen Fenoprofen Flurbiprofen Ibuprofen Ketoprofen
What is Paracetamol?
A painkiller that also has an antipyretic effect.
What are Phenothiazines?
Antipsychotic drugs developed in the 1950s to treat schizophrenia but some of which are now used as antiemetics. They end with either “promazine” or “perazine”.
Phenothiazines…
Chlorpromazine
Levomepromazine
Prochlorperazine
Trifluoperazine
What are Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?
Drugs used to prevent or treat gastric or duodenal ulcers, have names ending in “prazole”.
List proton pump Inhibitors…
Esomeprazole Lansoprazole Omeprazole Pantoprazole Rabeprazole
What is the name of the drug ending in “prazol” that is not a PPI?
Aripiprazole - an antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia.
What are Statins?
Hypolipidaemic agents, drugs used to lower abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Statins end with the suffix “vastatin”.
List Statins ending in “vastatin”…
Atorvastatin Fluvastatin Pravastatin Rosuvastatin Simvastatin
What drugs should you not mistaken for cholesterol-lowering agents?
Nystatin - an antifungal drug
Pentostatin - an anticancer drug
Cilastatin - an enzyme inhibitor given with the antibiotic iipenem.
What are sulphonylureas?
Drugs given to help treat type ll diabetes. Most sulphonylureas can be recognized by names that begin with the prefix “gli”.
List sulphoylureas…
Glibenclamide Gliclazide Glimepiride Glipizide Tolbutamide
What do ACe Inhibitors end with?
Pril
What do most Alpha-blockers end with?
Osin
What do many antibiotics end with?
Cin
What do carbapenem antibiotics end with?
Penem
What do cephalosporin antibiotics begin with?
Cef
What do Penicillin antibiotics end with?
Cillin
What do quinolone antibiotics end with?
Floxacin
What do rifamycin antibiotics begin with?
Rif
What do tetracycline antibiotics end with?
Cycline
What do Angiotension-ll Receptor Antagonists end with?
Sartan
What do benzodiazepines end with?
Azepam or azolam
What do Beta-blockers end with?
Olol or lol
What do Bisphosphonates end with?
Dronate or dronic acid
What do class ll Calcium Channel Blockers end with?
Dipine
What do corticosteroids end with?
Sone, solone, olone, sonide
What to 5HT3 Antagonists end with
Setron
What do H2 Blockers end with?
Tidine
What do most NSAIDs end with?
Ac, fenac, or profen
What do paracetamol compounds end with?
Amol
What do phenothiazines end with?
Promazine or perazine
What do Proton pump Inhibitors end with?
Prazole
What do statins end with?
Vastatin
What do sulphonylureas begin with?
Gli
