Pharmacology Flashcards
What are the types of diuretics?
Loop, thiazide, potassium sparing
Define pharmacokinetics
Action of the body on the drug
Define pharmacodynamics
Action of the drug on the body
Amitriptyline side effects
blurred vision, confusion, dry mouth, urinary retention
Which types of antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis- give examples
Penicillins
Glycopeptides- vancomycin
Cephalosporins- cefuroxime
Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis- give examples
Macrolides- clarithromycin
Tetracyclines- doxycycline
aminoglycosides- gentamycin
Describe the action of spironolactone
It is an alderosterone antagonist- it binds to aldosterne receptors in the distal tubules in the kidney, preventing aldosterone from binding and so reduces water and sodium reabsorption.
Describe the action of bisphosphonates
they inhibit osteoclast activity and so reduce osteoclast activity and bone turnover
What is the main side effect of ACE inhibitors
a dry cough (due to increased bradykinin levels)
Describe the action of Aspirin
irreversibly inhibits COX enzymes to reduce production of thromboxane, preventing platelet aggregation
Name 4 drug targets
receptors, enzymes, transporters and ion channels
What are the 4 stages of bioavailability
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Loop diuretic. Example, MOA, indication
Furosemide. Acts on ascending limb of loop of Henle. Indicated in heart failure
Thiazide diuretic. Example, MOA, indication
Chlorthalidone. Acts on distal convoluted tubule of nephron to icrease diuresis by inhibiting na+/cl- co transporter, removing fluid and sodium. Indicated in hypertension
Potassium sparing diruetic. Example, MOA, indication.
Spironolactone. Prevent sodium reabsorption in collecting tubule by inhibiting aldosterone receptor. Indicated in HTN, congestive heart failure, oedematous conditions
