Pharmacology

Question 1

Collection of glands and tissues that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Answer 1

Endocrine System

Question 2

A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs.

Answer 2

Hormones

Question 3

Three types of hormones

Answer 3

Peptide Hormones
Steroid Hormones
Amine Hormones

Question 4

One of the principal fuels used by our body

Answer 4

Glucose

Question 5

Cannot be given orally because of proteolytic enzymes in the GIT

Answer 5

Peptide

Question 6

An example of a growth hormone that stimulates growth in tissue and bone

Answer 6

Sometrem (Protropin) /Somatropin (Humatrope)

Question 7

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone [GHIH] that is contraindicated to hypersensitivity, pregnancy, lactation and with adverse effects such as GI distress, constipation/ diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, acute cholecystitis (e.g. Ocreotide [Sandostatin])

Answer 7

Somatostatin Agonists

Question 8

An indication for diabetes insipidus, hemorrhage, and postoperative abdominal distension

Answer 8

Vasopressin, Pitressin Synthetic, Desmopressin

Question 9

A drug that acts on the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 9

Oxytocin

Question 10

Increases the availability of glucose

Answer 10

Glucocorticoids

Question 11

It is used to promote lung maturation in premature infants and prevent organ transplant rejection

Answer 11

Glucocorticoids

Question 12

A preferred drug for adrenocortical insufficiency

Answer 12

Hydrocortisone

Question 13

Used to diagnose Cushing’s syndrome and for treatment of non-endocrine disorders

Answer 13

Dexamethasone

Question 14

Potassium normal range

Answer 14

3.5 to 5 mL

Question 15

Antithyroid Agents : prevent formation of thyroid hormone, inhibit conversion of T3 and T4, and increased metabolism

Answer 15

Thioamides

Question 16

An organ that secretes digestive enzymes and releases insulin and glucagon from the Islets of Langerhans.

Answer 16

Pancreas

Question 17

A disorder of carbohydrate metabolism either from deficiency of insulin or cellular resistance to insulin’s actions

Answer 17

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 18

An anti-diabetic drug that decreases insulin resistance and glucose production in the liver

Answer 18

Thiazolidinediones

Question 19

An antidiabetic drugs that decreases glucose production by the liver and increase the tissue response to insulin.

Answer 19

Biguanides

Question 20

This is an anti-diabetic drug that increases the insulin release and reduces the glucagon release.

Answer 20

Gliptins

Question 21

A drug used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome that improves glucose tolerance, ovulation, and pregnancy rate

Answer 21

Metformin

Question 22

An antidiabetic drug that reduces rate starches that are broken down and absorbed, and also decreases postprandial rise in blood glucose

Answer 22

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Question 23

Anti-diabetic drug for type II diabetes mellitus that works by opening Ca+ channels of the beta cells stimulating release of insulin

Answer 23

Sulphonylureas

Question 24

Short-acting sulphonylureas drugs

Answer 24

Gliclazide, Tolbutamide

Question 25

Long-acting sulphonylureas drugs

Answer 25

Chlorpropamide, Glibenclamide, Glipizide

Question 26

Anti-diabetic Drugs for Type 2 DM

Answer 26

Sulphonylureas, Biguanides, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors, Thiazolidinediones

Question 27

It is a combined endocrine/metabolic disorder characterized by androgen excess and insulin resistance

Answer 27

PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)

Question 28

Onset: 5-15 mins
Peak: Humalog = 30-90 mins, Novolog = 1-3 hrs
Duration: Humalog = 2-5 hrs, Novolog = 3-5 hrs

Answer 28

Rapid-Acting Insulin

Question 29

Onset: 30 mins
Peak: 2.5-5 hrs
Duration: 6-8 hrs

Answer 29

Short-Acting Insulin

Question 30

Onset: 1-2 hrs
Peak: 6-12 hrs
Duration: 18-24 hrs

Answer 30

Intermediate-Acting Insulin