PHARMACOLOGY

Question 1

what drug classes are bromocriptine and cabergoline?

Answer 1

dopamine D2R receptor agonists

can have some effect on serotonin receptors

Question 2

describe bromocriptine and cabergoline’s mechanism of action?

Answer 2

act on D2 receptors in the pituitary to decrease endocrine secretion (TSH, GH, ACTH, prolactin, LH, FSH, MSH, ADH and oxytocin)

Question 3

what drug class is metoclopramide?

Answer 3

a dopamine D2R receptor antagonist

also has some effects on serotonin receptors

Question 4

what is metoclopramide’s mechanism of action?

Answer 4

to inhibit the effect of hypothalamic dopamine release on the pituitary gland thus increasing endocrine secretions

Question 5

what are some indications for metoclopramide?

Answer 5

nausea
vomiting
hiccup
acute migraine

Question 6

what are some indications of bromocriptine and cabergoline?

Answer 6

prevention/suppression of lactation, hypogonadism, galactorrhea, infertility and Parkinson’s disease

Question 7

what is the mechanism of action of carbimazole?

Answer 7

its metabolised in the liver to produce methimazole which inhibits thyroid peroxidase, reducing iodination of thyroglobulin and reducing levels of T3 and T4

Question 8

what are indications of carbimazole?

Answer 8

hyperthyroidism

Question 9

what drug class is levothyroxine?

Answer 9

a full agonist of thyroxine (T4) receptors

Question 10

what is levothyroxine’s mechanism of action?

Answer 10

mimics the effects of thyroxine at the thyroid hormone receptor and increases cardiac output, ventilation rate, basal metabolic rate, bone growth, neuronal maturation and endometrial thickening

Question 11

what drug class is protirelin?

Answer 11

a synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Question 12

what is protirelin’s mechanism of action?

Answer 12

mimics the effects of TRH on the anterior pituitary, increasing TSH release and promoting release of thyroid hormones

Question 13

what are some indications of levothyroxine?

Answer 13

primary hypothyrodisim

hyperthyroidism

Question 14

what drug class is desmopressin?

Answer 14

a synthetic ADH analogue

Question 15

what is desmopressin’s mechanism of action?

Answer 15

it binds to the ADH receptor in target tissues to produce the same effect act ADH (vasoconstriction, gluconeogenesis, ACTH release, water reabsorption)

Question 16

what are the indications of desmopressin?

Answer 16

diabetes insipidus
polyurea
polydipsia

Question 17

what drug class is octreotide?

Answer 17

a somatostatin receptor agonist

Question 18

what is octreotide’s effect?

Answer 18

it redcues endocrine release from the anterior pituitary

Question 19

what are the indications of octreotide?

Answer 19

acromegaly (where body produces too much growth hormones)

Question 20

what are somatostatin effects on the anterior pituitary?

Answer 20

inhibiting the release of GH, GnRH and TSH

Question 21

what drug class is pegvisomant?

Answer 21

a growth hormone receptor agonist

Question 22

what is pegvisomant’s mechanism of action?

Answer 22

reduces the eggiest of growth hormone on its receptor, causing reduced levels of insulin-like growth factor 1, down regulating protein kinase B and so reducing cell growth/proliferation

Question 23

what are the indications of pegvisomant?

Answer 23

acromegaly

Question 24

what is somatropin?

Answer 24

a synthetically produced human growth hormone

Question 25

what are the indications of somatropin?

Answer 25

turner syndrome | growth hormone deficiency

Question 26

what drug class is tetracosactide?

Answer 26

a ACTH receptor agonist in the adrenal cortex

Question 27

what is tetracosactide's mechanism of action?

Answer 27

it binds to the ACTH receptor in the adrenal cortex, increasing levels of cortisol and causing increased blood sugar, metabolism , immune suppression and reduced bone formation

Question 28

what are the indications of tetracosactide?

Answer 28

diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency

Question 29

what drug class is clomiphene?

Answer 29

a competitive, partial agonist of the oestrogen receptor in the hypothalamus

Question 30

what is clomiphene's mechanism of action?

Answer 30

Clomifene appears to stumulate the release of gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and leuteinizing hormone (LH), which leads to the development and maturation of ovarian follicle, ovulation, and subsequent development and function of the coprus luteum, thus resulting in pregnancy.

Question 31

what are the indications of clomiphene?

Answer 31

female infertility due to anovulation

Question 32

what drug class is oxytocin?

Answer 32

a full agonist of oxytoci receptors

Question 33

what is oxytocin's mechanism of action?

Answer 33

to bind to the oxytocin receptor and promote uterine contarctsion, reduce post-partum haemorrhage, milk-let down during suckling, maternal behaviour, sexual arousal

Question 34

what are the indications of oxytocin?

Answer 34

inducing labour caesarean secton preventing postpartum haemorrhage and for miscarriage

Question 35

what drug class is carbetocin?

Answer 35

a synthetic oxytocin analogue

Question 36

what drug class is atosiban?

Answer 36

a synthetic oxytocin analogue