Pharmacological Agents of Diabetes

Question 1

SGLT2 stands for

Answer 1

sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors

Question 2

biguanide drug

Answer 2

Metformin

Question 3

Name two SGLT2 drugs

Answer 3

canagliflozin and dapagliflozin

Question 4

SGLT2 mechanism of action

Answer 4

medications work to reduce blood sugar levels by blocking SGLT2s that cause the kidneys to reabsorb extra sugar. SGLT2 inhibitors pull extra sugar out of the bloodstream, and it leaves the body through urination instead

Question 5

Name three Sulfonylurea drugs

Answer 5

glipizide, glyburide, and glimepiride

Question 6

Sulfonylurea mechanism of action

Answer 6

stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin. In addition, they help your cells use insulin better.

Question 7

Thiazolidinediones mechanism of action

Answer 7

diabetes medications that work by making cells more receptive to insulin, which helps your body use the insulin more efficiently

Question 8

Name two Thiazolidinediones

Answer 8

Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone

Question 9

Thiazolidinediones risk

Answer 9

may increase risk of heart failure for some people.

Question 10

Thiazolidinediones dosage

Answer 10

tablet once a day

Question 11

DPP-4 is what

Answer 11

dipeptidyl peptidase-4inhibitors

Question 12

DPP-4 dosage

Answer 12

tablet form and are taken once a day around the same time each day

Question 13

DPP-4 mechanism of action

Answer 13

work by helping to slow the breakdown of a naturally occurring compound called GLP-1 so that it can linger in the body and help to lower blood sugar levels when they are elevated.

Question 14

Four DPP-4 drugs

Answer 14

Sitagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, and alogliptin

Question 15

Regular Insulin

Answer 15

Standard insulin reaches the bloodstream within 30 minutes of being injected. It works three to six hours and peaks after two to three hours.

Question 16

Rapid Acting insulin

Answer 16

Regular insulin: Standard insulin reaches the bloodstream within 30 minutes of being injected. It works three to six hours and peaks after two to three hours.
Rapid-acting insulin: This type of insulin starts working within 15 minutes of injection. It reaches a peak in about an hour and keeps working for up to four hours.
Intermediate-acting insulin: This type takes two to four hours to reach the bloodstream, but it’s effective for 12 to 18 hours after injection.

Question 17

Long Acting Insulin

Answer 17

Long-acting insulin can lower blood sugar levels for the longest period of time, up to 24 hours. However, it takes several hours after injection to begin working.

Question 18

Inhaled Insulin

Answer 18

This form of insulin can be used in combination with long-acting injectable insulin. Inhaled insulin is rapid-acting and begins to work 12 to 15 minutes after administration. It peaks at 30 minutes and is out of your system within three hours.

Question 19

exenatide extended-release, and liraglutide mechanism of action, dosage

Answer 19

injectable medications that stimulate insulin production and decrease the amount of glucose released from the liver, according to the ADA.

Pramlintide and both types of exenatide drugs also help decrease appetite.

The extended-release form is taken as a single dose once a week and has the added benefits of slowing digestion and helping to make you feel fuller longer.

Question 20

Exenatide commercial names?

Answer 20

Byetta and Bydureon

Question 21

Liraglutide commercial name?

Answer 21

Victoza

Saxenda

Question 22

Dulaglutide commercial name?

Answer 22

Trulicity

Question 23

Impact of GLP-1

Answer 23

the way GLP-1 receptor agonists work is by mimicking the effects of the incredible hormone GLP-1 which is excreted from the intestine when eating.

Increases insulin secretion
Decreases glucagon production from liver
Increases satiety
Slows gastric emptying