Pharmacologic Principles Flashcards
Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individuals of the same drugs given alone
Additive Effect
Any undesirable occurence related to administering or failing to administer a prescribed medication
Adverse drug event
Any unexpected, unintended, undesired, excessive response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages
Adverse drug reaction
A general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response to one or more drugs
Adverse Effects
A drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one more receptors in the body
Agonist
An immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual sensitivity of a patient to a particular medication
Allergic reaction
A drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body
Antagonist
Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs is less than the sum of individual effects of the same drugs given alone
Antagonistic effects
A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route
Bioavailability
One or more biochemical reactions involving a parent drug, occurs in the liver
Biotransformation or Metabolism
The barrier system that restricts the passage of various chemicals and microscopic entities between the bloodstream and the CNS
Blood-brain barrier
Name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug
Chemical name
Any condition, especially one related to a disease state or patient characteristics, including current or recent drug therapy, that renders a particular form of treatment improper or undesirable
Contraindication
Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Drug
The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GIT before the drug reaches the systemic circulation through the bloodstream
First Pass Effect
The name given to a drug by the Drug agency, also called the nonproprietary name, not protected by trademarks
Generic Name
The time required for a half of an administered dose of drug to be eliminated by the body or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50%
Half-Life
The time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body
Peak effect
The physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose
Steady state
Drug interaction in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone
Synergistic Effects
The process of measuring drug levels to identify a patient’s drug exposure and to allow adjustment of dosages with the goals of maximizing therapeutic effects and minimizing toxicity
TDM/ Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
The desired or intended effect of a particular medication
Therapeutic Effect
The ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug
Therapeutic Index
Reduced response to a drug after prolonged use
Tolerance
The condition of producing adverse bodily effects due to poisonous qualities
Toxicity
The commercial name given to a drug product by its manufacturer, also called proprietary name
Trade Name
