Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

The study of biological and physiological effects of drugs and their metabolites

Question 2

Agonist

Answer 2

Bands to and activates receptor

Question 3

Antagonist

Answer 3

Binds to receptor, competes with and prevents binding of other molecules

Question 4

Allosteric activator

Answer 4

Binds to another receptor site and increases response to agonist

Question 5

Allosteric inhibitor

Answer 5

Binds to another receptor site and decreases response to agonist

Question 6

Agonists potency depends on

Answer 6

Its intrinsic efficacy Affinity

Question 7

Full agonist

Answer 7

Produces maximal response even when less than 100% 9f receptors are bound

Question 8

Partial agonist

Answer 8

Produces submaximal response even when 100% of receptors are occupied

Question 9

Mechanism of transmembrane signaling

Answer 9

Transporters like P glycoprotein Lipid soluble Substrates of transporters and metabolizing enzymes

Question 10

Types of tolerance

Answer 10

Innate or acquired

Question 11

Innate tolerance

Answer 11

predisposition to exhibit drug sensitivity or insensitivity due to pharmacogenetic makeup

Question 12

acquired tolerance

Answer 12

a consequence of repeated drug exposure, and can be subdivided into three general types based on the prevailing mechanism

Question 13

3 types of acquired tolerance

Answer 13

pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, or learned.

Question 14

Pharmacokinetic tolerance

Answer 14

Occurs when drug disposition or metabolism is altered as a function of time, often a consequence of the drug being an inducer or inhibitor of a specific metabolic enzyme or transporter system, resulting in a time-dependent decrease in presentation of the active moiety to the receptor biophase.

Question 15

Pharmacodynamic tolerance

Answer 15

occurs when the intrinsic responsivity of the receptor system diminishes over time

Question 16

Learned tolerance

Answer 16

Either behavioral or conditioned.

Behavioral tolerance occurs when an individual learns to function despite repeat exposure to a drug

Conditioned tolerance, situational cues are associated with drug administration. Removal of these environmental cues will result in an enhancement in pharmacologic effect.

Question 17

Withdrawal def

Answer 17

The onset of a predicatable constellation of signs and symptoms following abrupt discontinuation of or rapid decrease in dosage of a psychoactive substance

signs and symptoms are usually opposite of the intoxication effects of drug

Question 18

Phases of withdrawal

Answer 18

Acute

Protracted