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Cell Physiology & Pharmacology > Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

Pharmacokinetics is the effect the body has on drugs

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2
Q

Lost the 4 main components of pharmacokinetics.

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

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3
Q

What is enteral drug administration? List 3 examples.

A

Enteral drug administration is delivery into the internal environment of the body via the gastrointestinal tract - 3 examples include -

  • oral
  • sublingual
  • rectal
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4
Q

In the gastrointestinal tract where does the majority of dug absorption occur?

A

In the small intestine

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5
Q

What is the typical transit time in the small intestine?

A

Around 3-5 hours

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6
Q

What type of drugs moves through the plasma membrane via passive diffusion?

A

Lipophilic drugs (e.g. steroids) and weak acids/bases

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7
Q

What is pKa?

A

The pH at which 50% of a molecule is ionised

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8
Q

Is solute carrier transport an active or passive process?

A

A passive process that is based on a molecules electrochemical gradient

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9
Q

What molecules are transported via facilitated diffusion?

A

Cations and anions with with a net positive or negative ionic charge

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10
Q

List 7 factors that may influence drug absorption.

A 
Surface area
Drug lipophilicity
Density of solute carrier transporters
Blood flow
Gastrointestinal motility
pH
Food
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11
Q

What is parenteral drug administration? List 3 examples.

A

Delivery of a drug via any route other than through the gastrointestinal tract - 3 examples include -

  • intravenous
  • subcutaneous
  • intramuscular
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12
Q

What are phase I and phase II enzymes? Where are they highly expressed?

A

Phase I enzymes are cytochrome P45 enzymes, phase II enzymes are conjugating enzymes - both of these are highly expressed in the liver

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13
Q

Define bioavailability.

A

Bioavailability is the proportion of a drug which enters circulation when it enters the body and as such is able to have an active effect

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14
Q

How do you calculate oral bioavailability?

A

Oral bioavailability is the amount of drug reaching circulation / the amount of the total drug given

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15
Q

How many litres of extracellular fluid are there in the body?

A

14 litres

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16
Q

What is the ‘apparent’ volume of distribution?

A

This summarises a molecules move man out of the plasma, through the interstitium, and into the cellular compartment - it provides a summary measure of the behaviour of a drug molecule in distribution

17
Q

What might a large volume of distribution suggest about a drugs properties?

A

The drug may be lipophilic

18
Q

What does a small volume of distribution suggest about a molecules ability to penetrate different surfaces within the body?

A

It has poor penetration

19
Q

How do you calculate a molecules volume of distribution?

A

The drug dose given / drug levels in the plasma

20
Q

How do phase I and II enzymes metabolise molecules and ready them for elimination?

A

They increase their ionic charge, enhancing their renal elimination

21
Q

What is clearance? How is this calculated?

A

Clearance is defined as the rate of elimination of a drug from the body - total body clearance = hepatic clearance + renal clearance

22
Q

What is a topical drug treatment?

A

A drug applied to a particular area on the body (usually epicutaneous, applied to the skin), as opposed to systematically

23
Q

What is ionotropy?

A

The force of muscle contraction

24
Q

What is first pass metabolism?

A

The phenomena that details the reduction (via metabolism etc) of a drug before it reaches systemic circulation

25
Q

Give an advantage and disadvantage of oral delivery of drugs.

A

Advantage - safest and most convenient method delivery

Disadvantage - drugs may be metabolised before systemic absorption

26
Q

Give an advantage and disadvantage of intravenous delivery of drugs.

A

Advantage - immediate effects - valuable in emergencies

Disadvantage - strict aseptic methods needed

27
Q

Give an advantage and disadvantage of intramuscular delivery of drugs.

A

Advantage - preferable to intravenous if self-administrated

Disadvantage - can be painful

28
Q

Give an advantage and disadvantage of inhalation as a delivery of drugs.

A

Advantage - absorption is rapid - has immediate effects

Disadvantage - most addictive route - enters brain quickly

29
Q

What is an enteric coating?

A

A covering applied to some enteric drugs to prevent them from being metabolised in the stomach, but allows their breakdown in the liver

Cell Physiology & Pharmacology (5 decks)

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