Pharmacokinetics 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the distribution of drugs?
A
The transfer of drug from the blood to tissue
2
Q
What are the 4 routes of distribution to cell membranes?
A
- Passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer
- Facilitated diffusion through the membrane
- Active transport
- Endocytosis
3
Q
What is passive diffusion?
A
- Only occurs for drugs which are sufficiently lipophilic/hydrophobic/non-polar
4
Q
What is facilitated diffusion?
A
- Occurs through channels is possible for polar and for non-polar drug molecules
5
Q
What is active transport?
A
- Uses energy (ATP) and can pump against a concentration gradient
6
Q
What is phagocytosis?
A
- Uptake of solid nanoparticles into vesicles
7
Q
What is pinocytosis?
A
- The uptake of drugs in solution into vesicles
8
Q
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
A
- Uptake of (macro)molecules into vesicles
9
Q
What occurs in phase 1 metabolism?
A
- Oxidation
- Reduction
- Hydrolysis
- Usually in the liver
10
Q
What occurs during phase 2 of metabolism?
A
- Conjugation with endogenous polar molecules
- Glucuronic acid
- Sulfate
- Glutathione
- Usually in the liver
11
Q
What occurs during phase 3 of metabolism?
A
- Further processing
- Usually in the liver or kidneys
12
Q
What is the main role of phase 1 metabolism?
A
Aims to make drug molecules more polar/water soluble, to prepare for renal excretion
